[From “ Novitates Zoologicae.” Vol. XVII. December, 1910.]

-

, THE BIRDS OF THE RIO MADEIRA.
By C. E. HELLMAYR.

I. INTRODUCTION.

HE Rio Madeira, the mightiest affluent to the Amazons from the south, has
been somewhat neglected by naturalists, and, until recently, oar knowledge of
its avifauna rested exclusively on the researches of John Natterer, who, in 1828,
1829, and 1830, had made extensive collections on this river. The results of his
exertions are embodied in A. von Pelzeln’s well-known work “ Zur Ornithologie
Brasiliens. Resultate von Johann Natterer’s Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835,”
Vienna, 1867-70.* In 1906 Mr. W. Hoffmanns visited the district, collecting at
Humaytha on the left bank, at Paraiso and Borba on the right side. This material,
consisting of several hundred specimens, went to the Tring Museum, and an account
of it has been given by me in Novitates Zoologicae, vol. xiv. 1907, pp. 343-412. In
March 1907 Mr. Hoffmanns returned to his old hunting-grounds, working chiefly
on the right bank of the river, and continued collecting until October 1908, when
ill-health once more put an end to his activity. Though much hampered by
frequent attacks of malaria, for which the Madeira has a very bad reputation,
Mr. Hoffmanns was able to bring together a series of about 1300 bird skins, which,
together with those secured on his first trip, makes a total of 2000 specimens.
Besides these I have examined, thanks to the generous assistance of Dr. von
Lorenz, the greater portion of the material obtained by Natterer on the Madeira
and Guaporé Rivers.

The following article may, therefore, be looked upon as a complete résumé of
our present knowledge of the ornis of the Madeira region, which I have deemed best
to restrict to that portion of the stream from Borba upwards to the janction of the
Beni and Guaporé Rivers, the country below Borba being wholly unexplored. Four
hundred and sixty-four species have been ascertained to occur within this area,
although I feel sure that future explorations will considerably swell this list.

It remains to say a few words about the localities visited by Mr. Hoffmanns on
his second expedition. The majority of the specimens were obtained at a place
called Calama, situated on the right bank just below the junction of the Rio
Giparana or Machados, which forms the boundary between the Brazilian states
Amazonas and Mattogrosso. Jamarysinho is a hamlet on the left side of the
Machados, near its mouth, and Sao Isabel a little village on the Rio Preto, a small
affluent which flows into the Machados not far from its junction with the Madeira.
Allianca is a settlement farther up the stream, a little above the mouth of the Rio
Jamary. Maruins is situated on the left bank of the Machados, several journeys

* According to Von Pelzeln (op. eit. p. 392, note) A. R. Ferreira visited, between 1783 and 1793, the
Madeira and Guaporé Rivers. His collections are said to have gone to Lisbon, but, as far as I am aware,
have never been reported upon. ~~

( 258 )

above the waterfalls, where, according to Mr. Hoffmanns, the aspect of the country
changes. While the Madeira and the lower Machados flow through level country,
there are many isolated hill-ranges and rocks on the upper course of the latter river.
A thorough exploration of this district, from which Mr. Hoffmanns was prevented
through bad health, would certainly yield a rich harvest to the naturalist. Santa
Maria do Marmellos is a village on the left bank of the Madeira, and Manicoré
(Las Oncas), where, however, but a few skins were secured, is again on the right
side, below the mouth of the Rio Manicore,

The greater part of the material thus gained came into the possession of the
Tring Museum. The lot from Maruins, together with a few skins from Marmellos
and Allianca, as well as the duplicates from Calama, have been acquired by the
Zoological Museum of Munich, while a small number of specimens went to Count
Berlepsch’s collection.

Mr. Hoffmanns, I regret to say, did not live to see the results of his labours
appear before the scientific public. Shortly after his return to Crefeld he contracted
a severe chill, which rapidly developed into pneumonia and ended fatally on
January 18,1909. His premature death is a serious loss to science, and especially
to ornithology, which is indebted to him for many striking novelties, e.g. Pipra
exquisita, P. hoffmannsi, Anoplops hofmannsi, etc. Wilhelm Hoffmanns was born
in Crefeld, Germany, in 1865, and from his earliest youth professed a great taste
for natural history and collecting. On leaving school he entered the service of a
commercial establishment in Crefeld, where he remained as clerk for several years,
but he gave up this post and went to Peru, where he made large collections of
insects and birds. In later years Hoffmanns was more particularly interested in
ornithology, and the long list of papers which I contributed to this journal on his
researches speaks well for his energy and zeal, His eminently truthful character
and straightforwardness endeared him to all who had to do with him, and will make
us even more strongly feel the loss of so faithful a friend.

II. ACCOUNT OF THE SPECIES.

1. Turdus phaeopygus phaeopygus Cab.

Turdus phaeopygus Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen in Brit. Guiana, iii, p, 666 (1848.—Brit. Guiana) ;
Pelzeln, Zur Ornith, Brasil. ii, 1868. p. 93 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p, 344
(Humaytha). .

Nos. 89, 322. o¢ ad., d imm., Calama, 21. vi., 1. viii. 1907. “ Iris brown,

feet black or plumbeous, bill black.”— Wing 105, 100; tail 88, 83 ; bill 16, 17 mm.
Agreeing well with our series from British Guiana and the Caura Valley,

Eastern Venezuela.

2. Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellm.

Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr, Journ. f. Ornith. 1902, p. 56 (1902.—Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira
—Nat.erer coll.).
T. Poiteauii (nec Bonaparte *) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith, Bras, ii. 1868, p. 94 (Salto Theotonio),

No. 679. o ad., 8S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11. x. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill
black.”—Wing 105}; tail 81; bill 18 mm,

* Turdus Pviteauii Lesson, Traité d@ Ornith. p. 409 (nom, nud.); Bonaparte, Notes Coll. Ornith.
Delattre, 1854. p. 28; Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris, vii. 1855. p. 377; idem, Rev, Mag. Zool. (2) x. 1858.
?p. 464.—I have examined the two original specimens, both from Cayenne (1822), in the Paris Museum,

One is 7. p. phaeopygus Cab., while the other, mentioned as Pl. (7.) amaurochalinus by Bonaparte and
Pucheran, belongs to 7. albiventer Spix.

( 259 )

This bird is practically identical with others from Eastern Ecuador and
Northern Peru. Compared with a series of true 7. 2. ignobilis Scl. from Bogota
collections, it fully bears out the distinctive characters as given /.c. See also my
remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 5.

T. i. debilis ranges from Eastern Ecuador through Northern and Central Pera

to N.W. Brazil (Rio Parts and Rio Madeira). Occasionally it is also met with in
Bogota collections (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 5).

3. Turdus amaurochalinus Cab.
Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, Mus, Heinean, i. p. 5 (1850.—“ Brasilien ”’).

No. 668. ? ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 10. x. 1907. “Iris brown, feet grey,
bill. blackish, base of lower mandible yellowish.”’—Wing 110; tail 92; bill 20 mm.

This bird agrees perfectly with a series from 8.E. Brazil and Corrientes,
Argentine. It differs from the specimen of T. 7. dedilis obtained at S. Isabel by
Mr. Hoffmanns by its longer wings and tail, blackish loral spot, pure white chin
(without any brown striations), much broader and more blackish brown stripes on
the throat, much paler, buffy brownish instead of plain ashy breast and sides, clear
ochraceous buff (not greyish brown) under wing-coverts, and by having well-defined,
bright ochraceous edges to the inner webs of the remiges, altogether absent in
T. i. debilis. The bill, too, is not uniform blackish, the basal half of the lower
mandible being clear yellowish brown; there is also a spot of pale brown on the
culmen near the tip.

This is, so far as I know, the first record of 7. amaurochalinus from any
Amazonian locality, though its occurrence on the Rio Madeira is not to be
wondered at, for it was well known as an inhabitant of Northern Bolivia on the
headwaters of that river. I expect, moreover, that 7. dbrunneus Lawr.* will also
prove to belong to 7. amaurochalinus.

It is highly interesting to meet with 7. amaurochalinus and T, 7. debilis in the
same locality. There can be no longer any doubt about their specific distinctness.

4. Turdus hauxwelli Lawr.

Turdus hauxwelli Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, ix. p. 265 (Aug. 1869.—Pebas, N.E.
Peru) ; Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v, 1881, p. 217 (Iquitos, Peru) ; Sharpe-Seebohm,
Monogr. Turd. i, p, 251 (Eastern Peru) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 40 (Teffé) ; idem,
Le, p. 344 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 7 (Cachoeira, Ponto
Alegre, Rio Puris).

Merula haucwelli Ihering, Mus. Paulist, vi. 1905. p. 430 (Rio Jurué),

Turdus fumigatus (nec Licht.) Sclater & Salvin, P, Z, S. Lond, 1866. p. 177 (Nauta, N. Peru) ;
iidem, /.c. 1873. p. 255 (Nauta, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, Pebas).

Merula fumigata hauxwellii Allen, Bull, Amer, Mus. ii, 1889. p. 78 (Reyes, Beni R., North Bolivia).

No. 708. ¢ad., 8S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 16. x. 1907. “Iris brown, feet dark

grey, bill green.”—Wing 113; tail 92; bill 18} mm.

No. 82. Adult (not sexed), Calama, 21. vi. 1907. ‘Iris brown, feet brownish

grey, bill dark brown.”—Wing 110 ; tail 90; bill 19 mm.

No. 467. ? juv., Calama, 27. vii. 1907. ‘Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill
blackish.” —Wing 107; tail 84; bill 184 mm, - :

Besides these I have examined the following specimens of 7. hauxwelli : two
topotypical dd ad. from Pebas, coll. Castelnan & Deville (one in the Paris, the
other in the British Musenm); ¢ ad., Iquitos (H. Whitely, jun., coll.), 2 ad., Santa

* Ibis, 1878, p. 57. tab. i. (Upper Amazons).

( 260 )

Cruz, Ucayali (E. Bartlett coll.), both in the British Museum; ¢ ad., Teffé, Rio
Solimoéns, ¢ ad., Humaytha, Rio Madeira, left bank (W. Hoffmanns coll.), in
Tring Museum; ? ad. Rio Jurud, W. Brazil (coll. E. Garbe), belonging to the
Museu Paulista ; and three adults from the Rio Parts: ¢ Cachoeira, ¢ Bom
Lugar, preserved in the Museu Goeldi at Para.

This series fully corroborates what I said in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 40. The
upper parts are always lighter or darker ‘“ mummy-brown ” (Ridgw. t. iii. fig. 10) ;
foreneck, breast, and sides “ wood-brown ” (Ridgw. t. iii. fig. 19) or earthy brown
with a slight rufescent tinge ; the middle of the abdomen is largely white, the under
tail-coverts white with dark brown bases. The axillaries and under wing-coverts
are ochraceous buff, or wood-brown washed with pale ochraceous at the tips.
Sometimes there is a narrow, ill-defined, buff edge along the inner web of the
remiges, but in most specimens the latter is quite or nearly uniform greyish.

The young bird (No. 467), when compared with 7. fumigatus in corresponding
age, shows the distinctive characters even more strongly emphasized than the
adults. In Nos. 708 and 82 some hairlike filaments are to be seen among the
normal feathers of the nape. This particularity has also been noticed by
Lichtenstein in the allied 7. fumigatus.*

The female of 7. leucops Tacz. bears a striking likeness to T. hauxwelli, but,
on closer examination, may easily be distinguished by the deep orange under wing-
coverts, more regular and darker, blackish brown stripes of the throat, and
especially by the different wing-formula, the third, fourth, and fifth primaries
being longest, and the second eqnal to the sixth. In 7. hauxwelli, on the other
hand, the fourth and fifth form the tip, the sixth is but from 2 to 3 mm. shorter,
while the second falls between the seventh and eighth primaries.

It is a curious fact that Mr. Hoffmanns should have met with 7. havxwelli
in the Rio Madeira district, while Natterer, eighty years ago, obtained its ally,
T. fumigatus, at nearly the same places (vide infra).

T. hauxwelli has evidently a wide range in Amazonia. Unlike so many other
Upper Amazonian types, it inhabits the left (Humaytha) as well as the right bank
(S. Isabel, Calama) of the Rio Madeira. Farther to the west it was obtained by
Garbe on the Rio Jurns, and by the expeditions of the Goeldi Museum on the
Upper Parts. Hoffmanns sent a specimen from Teffé, Rio Solimoéns. In Peru
several naturalists—E. Bartlett, Castelnan & Deville, Hauxwell, and Whitely—
secured specimens on the banks of the Maraiion, at Iquitos, Pebas, Nauta, Samiria,
etc. The first-named of these travellers a!so took an example near Santa Cruz,

on the Ucayali, and Dr. Allen records two specimens from Reyes, on the Rio Beni,
Northern Bolivia.

[5. Turdus fumigatus fumigatus Licht.

Turdus fumigatus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl, Berliner Mus. p. 38 (1823.—“ Brasilia”) ; Pelzeln, Zur
Ornith, Bras, ii. 1868, p. 94 (Engenho do Gama, 8. Vicente, Borba).

1, 3 ad., Borba, right bank of the Rio Madeira, June 21, 1830 (Natterer
coll.).—Wing 112; tail 95; bill 20 mm.

2. 2 ad., Borba, August 3, 1830 (Natterer coll.).—Wing 100; tail 90; bill
18 mm,

3. d imm., Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso, September 1829 (Natterer coll.),—
Wing 110; tail 90; bill 19 mm.

* Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. 1823, p. 38, No. 438.

( 261 )

4. 2? ad., Engenho do Gama, July 1829 (Natterer coll.).—Wing 110; tail
95 mm.

5. 2 ad., S. Vicente, Guaporé, December 1829 (Natterer coll.).—Wing 110 ;
tail 90 ; bill 19 mm.

These five specimens which belong to the Vienna Museum are quite distinct
from Mr. Hoffmanns’ skins of 7. havxwelli. The upper parts are much more richly
coloured, being deep cinnamomeous or ochreous brown, the axillaries and under
tail-coverts bright orange, the inner webs of the quills broadly edged with
ochraceous buff. The general colour of the under surface is also quite different,
bright cinnamomeous brown passing into ochraceous in the middle of the abdomen ;
the throat is buff, striped with russet-brown (instead of whitish, with olive- or
earthy brown streaks), and the under tail-coverts are buff or ochraceous, broadly
edged with russet-brown. The three skins from the Guaporé (Nos. 3-5) differ
slightly from the Borba couple by having the middle line of the abdomen white,
and the under tail-coverts also mixed with whitish. In this respect they agree
with an adult from Itaituba, Rio Tapajéz.]

[6. Donacobius atricapillus (Linn.).
Turdus atricapillus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 295 (1766.—ex Brisson: “Cap. boni spei”—
errore! We substitute Cayenne).
Donacobius atricapillus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 49 (Borba).
Right bank: Borba (Natterer).
Widely distributed in Northern South America from Bolivia and Mattogrosso
northward to Venezuela. |

7. Heleodytes turdinus hypostictus (Gould).

[Opetiorhynchus turdinus Wied, Reise Brasil. ii. p. 148 (1821.—Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo; Rio

Catolé, Bahia.—Cf. my revision of Spix’s types, p. 626.]
Campylorhynchus hypostictus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, xxiii, 1855. p. 68 (1855.—Rio Ucayali,

Eastern Peru).
Heleodytes turdinus hypostictus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 345 (Humaytha).
Campylorhynchus variegatus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 49 (Borba).

No. 1067. o& vix ad., Manicoré (right bank), 24. viii. 1908. “ Iris clear
brown, feet dark grey, bill grey.” —Wing 86 ; tail 80}; bill 21 mm.

No. 446. dG ad., Calama, 24. viii. 1907. “Iris yellowish red, feet grey, bill
black, below grey.” —Wing 92; tail 88; bill 22 mm.

Madeira specimens agree well with the Peruvian ones.

[8. Leucolepis modulator modulator (D’Orb.).
Thryothorus modulator D’Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 230 (Oct. 1838.— Yuracarés, Yungas,

Bolivia).

Leucolepia hie es rufogularis (errore !—nec Des Murs) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 346

(Humaytha).

Left bank of the Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

The adult male obtained at Humaytha in 1906 has been erroneously referred
to L. m rufogularis. Having once more examined the material in the Berlepsch,
Paris, and Tring Museums, including the types of J. modulator D’Orb. and
Sarochalinus rufogularis Des Murs,* I have come to the conclusion that if modulator
from Bolivia and rufogularis from Eastern Peru and N.W. Brazil (Teffé, ete.) be

* Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseaua, p. 49, pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1856,—Sarayacu, Eastern Peru),

( 262 )

kept distinct, the Humaytha bird has to go with the former. In fact, on comparing
three adults from Bolivia with Mr. Hoffmanns’ specimen, I find that they agree
in having the ferruginous colour below restricted to the throat and foreneck, and
the abdomen of a rather pale rufescent brown ; while in skins from Pern and Teffé
the ferruginons is extended farther down the middle of the chest, and the abdomen
is decidedly deeper rufous brown. Adults of both forms show the cheeks and
ear-coverts uniform deep ferruginous.

Leucolepis modulator salvini (Sharpe),* from Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) and
S.E. Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo),t differs from both by having the cheeks
and ear-coverts deep olive-brown without any ferruginous, and by its darker
wings. In the extent of the ferruginous colour on the lower parts it resembles
L. m. rufogularis.|

9. Leucolepis modulator griseolateralis (Ridgw.).

Cyphorhinus griseolateralis Ridgway, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus, x. 1887. p. 518 (1888.—Diamantina
near Santarem, Rio Tapajéz),

No. 946. dad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 27. vi. 1908.— Wing 63 ; tail (moulting)
34; bill 174 mm.

Nos. 174, 348, 428. dd ad., d imm., Calama, 6. vil., 7, 19. viti. 1907.—Wing
65—67 ; tail 37—39 ; bill 17—174 mm.

Nos. 175, 352, 427. 22 ad. and imm., Calama, 6. vii., 8, 19. vili. 1907.— Wing
62—64; tail 34—36; bill 154—17 mm.

No. 962. ? juv., Maruins, 30. vi. 1908.— Wing 62 ; tail 34; bill 17 mm.

“Tris brown, feet dark or blackish brown, bill black, below grey.”

This series differs from LL. m.. modulator by the clearer brown, less rufescent
upper parts, and earthy brown or ashy (instead of dark olive-brown) sides of the
neck, breast, and abdomen. Moreover, the superciliary stripe, instead of being
uniform deep ferruginous, is buffy white in its posterior portion, and the wings are
shorter. Like ZL. m. modulator, the ferruginous colour is confined to the throat and
foreneck ; the cheeks and ear-coverts are ferruginous, with some slight brownish
streaks near the upper border of the auricular patch.

The specimens tally well with Ridgway’s description, except that in none of
them is the “hindneck tinged with greyish,” nor can the lower portion of the
auriculars be termed “dull light greyish, very indistinctly striped with darker.”
These slight discrepancies may, however, disappear on actual comparison.

The series presents a considerable amount of variation, chiefly in the coloration
of the lower parts. Nos, 946 and 348 have the breast and abdomen dull ashy,
passing into dingy whitish grey in the middle of the chest, and very slightly tinged
with pale brownish on the flanks. In the other specimens the belly is pale earthy
brown, with the flanks more decidedly olive-brown, and the middle of the chest
sometimes paling to dull buffy. The under tail-coverts are generally bright
cinnamon-rafous, but in two skins (Nos, 848 and 427) scarcely more rufescent than
the abdomen, The intensity of the ferruginous colour of the throat, forepart of
the crown, etc,, is rather variable; the brown of the back is sometimes shaded with
olive, etc. The maxilla is black, the mandible yellowish.

The young bird (No, 962) differs very markedly from modulator juv. (ex

* Cyphorhinus salvini Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus. vi. p. 292. pl. xviii. fig. 1 (1881.—R‘o Napo,
Eastern Ecuador).

+ There are two adults from this locality, collected by G. Hopke, in Mus. H, v. Berlepsch,

( 263 )

Bolivia) by its much paler belly, the breast being dull rusty buff, the inner sides
and flanks light rufescent olive-brown,

L. modulator griseolateralis replaces L. m. modulator on the right bank of the
Rio Madeira, ranging eastward as far as Santarem, south bank of the Amazons,

10. Thryothorus genibarbis genibarbis Sw.

Thryothorus genibarbis Swainson, Anim, in Menag. p. 322 (1838.—“ Brazil”).
Thryothorus melanos (nec Vieillot) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i. p. 48 (part. : Borba).

No. 671. o& imm., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 10. x. 1907.—Wing 63; tail 56;
bill 18 mm.

No. 646. ? ad., S. Isabel, 8. x. 1907.—Wing 99 ; tail 56 ; bill 164 mm.

No. 380. Juv., Calama, 11. viii. 1907.—Wing 59; tail 48; bill 15} mm.

No. 717. ? pull. 8. Isabel, 19. x. 1907.—Wing 99 ; tail 49 ; bill 14 mm.

“ Tris red (671), reddish brown (646), brown (380, 717); feet plumbeons (adult),
brownish black (juv.); bill black, below grey.”

These birds agree, in size and coloration, with typical ZT. gentbarbis from
Bahia, except that the pileum and nape are distinctly rufescent brown, instead
of sooty. An adult male from Borba (Natterer coll.), however, is not different
on this score. The young bird, in nestling plumage, very closely resembles the
same stage of 7. coraya (Gm.). |

T. g. genibarbis ranges from Bahia north to Pari, and westwards to the
right bank of the Madeira (Borba, Calama, 8. Isabel).

fll. Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus Ihering.

Cf, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 345 (Humaytha).

Represents the foregoing on the left bank of the Madeira: Humaytha
(Hoffmanns). It differs by its longer wings and rather paler under parts, yet
its validity requires confirmation by a larger series. |

12. Thryophilus albipectus albipectus (Cab.).

Thryothorus albipzctus Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen in Brit. Guiana iii. p. 673 (1848. —

Cayenne).
Thryophilus taenioptera Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, x. 1887. p. 518 (1888.—Diamantina near

Santarem, Tapajéz).
Thryothorus leucotis (nec Lafresnaye) Pelzeln, l.c. p. 47 (Salto do Girao, Barra do Rio Madeira).
“ Thryophilus albipectus subsp.” Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p, 345 (Humaytha).

No. 685. ¢ ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12. x. 1907—Wing 67; tail 48 ;
bill 19 mm.

No. 460. ¢ ad., Calama, 26. vili. 1907.—Wing 64 ; tail 48 mm.

No. 872. ? ? juv., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.—Wing 61; tail 43; bill
16} mm.

“ Tris reddish brown (adult), greyish brown (872) ; feet and bill greyish black,
lower mandible grey.” |

The specimens agree, in every detail, with a large series of J. albipectus, from
Para and Venezuela (Caura Valley), in the Munich Museum. Natterer’s examples
from Barra do Rio Madeira and Mandos, as well as two adult males from the Upper
Puris (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde), are rather darker ochraceous below than the
majority of our Caura and Guianan skins, but some of the latter match them
exactly. The skins from Humaytha, 8, Isabel, and Calama, on the other hand,

( 264 )

resemble average specimens of 7. aldipectus, in the paleness of the lower parts,
the tinge of the back, etc. In view of this great individual variation I consider
it impossible to separate the Amazonian race 7. twentoptera.

T. a. albipectus is thus seen to inhabit Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, and
Eastern Venezuela (Caura), and to range southwards to the main valley of the
Amazons (from Para to Mandos) and its southern tributaries (Tocantins, Tapajéz,
Rio Madeira, and Purts).

On the Rio Jurud and in Eastern Peru, however, a small, darker form is met
with. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 3.

[13. Odontorhynchus cinereus Pelz.
Odontorhynchus cinereus Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. i. p. 67 (1867.—Salto do Girao).

Right bank: Salto do Girao (Natterer).

Thanks to the kindness of my friend Dr. Lorenz, I have been enabled to
examine the type belonging to the Vienna Museum. Though quite distinct
generically, Odontorhynchus is perhaps nearest to Thryophilus, but may be
readily distinguished by the strongly curved culmen with a very distinct sub-
terminal notch. The style of coloration, too, is very different. The type, an
immature female, measures: wing 52; tail 493; bill 12 mm

The Paris Musenm possesses a male obtained on the Rio Javarri in
1846, by Castelnau and Deville. It is larger (wing 59 mm., tail incomplete),
with apparently a broader, stronger bill (which, however, is mach damaged by
the shot), the upper parts rather more of an olive-grey, the cross-bands of the
tail mach broader, the lower parts dull light grey (instead of white), etc. Until
additional specimens come to hand it cannot be decided whether the Javarri bird
is specifically identical with O. cinereus or not. |

14. Troglodytes musculus clarus Berl. & Hart.

[Troglodytes musculus Naumann, Vég. Deutschl. iii, p. 724. table (1823.—Babhia). |
Troglodytes musculus clarus Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov, Zool. ix. p. 8 (1902.—Bartica Grove,

British Guiana).

No. 730. d ad., Calama, 26. x. 1907. “Tris greyish brown, feet grey, bill
black, below greyish red.”—Wing 52; tail 38; bill 14 mm.

Agrees in coloration with our large series from Parad, Venezuela (Caura,
Cumana), Trinidad, etc. This is the first record from the Rio Madeira, and the
southernmost locality of the species in Brazil.

Farther to the south, on the Rio Guaporé (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), in
Western Mattogrosso (Cuyabd, etc.), and Eastern Bolivia, it is replaced by
T. musculus rex Berl. & Lev.*

15. Oporornis agilis (Wilson).
Sylvia agilis Wilson, Amer. Ornith. v. p. 64, pl. 39. fig. 4 (1812.—Connecticut ; Pennsylvania near
Philadelphia).

No. 789, (gd) imm,, Allianca, 16. xi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet greyish brown,
bill blackish, below grey.”—Wing 71; tail 47 ; bill 112 mm.
This bird I have compared with specimens from Cambridge (Mass.), Illinois,

* T. furvus Gm. subsp. n. rex Berlepsch & Leverkiihn, Ornis vi. p. 6 (1890.—Samaipata, E. Bolivia) ;

Hic aa : :
ieiaeds platensis (errore!) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. i. p- 48 (part.: Mattogrosso, Cuyabé: specimens

( 265 )

Wisconsin, and Tonantins, Amazonas,* from all of which it slightly differs by
having the throat more mixed with whitish, and the bases of the jugular feathers
dull cinereous. Otherwise it agrees, in size and coloration, with females and
immature males. Count Berlepsch, to whom it has been submitted, also declares
it to be O. agilis.

Allianca is the most southerly winter record of the species. An adult female
was obtained, in 1884, by Gustav Garlepp at Tonantins, on the Rio Solimoéns.*

16. Basileuterus fulvicauda semicervinus Scl.

[ Muscicapa fulvicauda Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20. pl. xxviii, fig. 2 (1825, no locality ; cf. Hellmayr,
Abhandl. Bayer, Akad, Wissensch. II. Kl. xxii. 3. p. 652).]

Basileuterus semicervinus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1859. p. 84 (1860.—Nanegal, Western
Ecuador).

No. 498. ¢ ad., Calama, 31. viii. 1907.—Wing 68; tail 55; bill 124 mm.

“Tris brown, feet light brown, bill black.”

This bird agrees with specimens from Nanegal and other localities in Western
Ecuador in having the supraloral and superciliary stripe deep fawa-colour, and the
lower parts somewhat lighter fawn with the middle of the belly largely white. It
differs, however, by the clearer olive-green back, and by the rather wider dusky
apical band of the rectrices, which besides is strongly tinged with olive-green as in
B.f. fulvicauda. Without additional material it is, of course, impossible to say if
these differences are of any value; but the close resemblance of the Calama bird in
itself is a remarkable fact, since in Eastern Ecuador (and probably in other districts
of Upper Amazonia) we meet with the well-characterized B. f. fulvicauda (see Le.
pp. 652-3). The latter appears to have a peculiarly restricted range. All specimens
examined by me (two in the British Museum, one in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch) are
from Eastern Ecuador, but Spix’s type is supposed to have been obtained on the
Rio Solimoéns or one of its branches (Ica or Caqueta).

On the other hand, B. f. semicervinus is widely distributed in Colombia and
Western Ecuador. I have before me twenty-seven specimens from Bogotdé, W.
Colombia (Juntas, Jiménez, Sipi, province Chocd), and Ecuador (Nanegal, Paramba,
Cachabi, Chimbo, ete.), belonging to the Tring and Munich collections. The
late Dr. Sharpe t referred two do from Hastern Peru (Santa Craz, Chyavetas)
to B. uropygialis (= fulvicauda), but I doubt the correctness of this identification,
for these birds are more likely to belong with B. f. semicervinus or with
B. f. poliothrix Berl. & Stolzm.t

17. Granatellus pelzelni pelzelni Scl.

Granatellus pelzelni Sclater, P. ZS. Lond. 1864. p. 606. tab, 37. fig. 1 (1865.—Destacamento
(erroneously spelt Destaramento) do Ribeiras, River Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. iii.
1869, p. 216 (Destac. do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao).

G. p. pelzelni Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 346 (Borba).

Nos. 150, 726. dad., d vix ad., Calama, 2. vii., 23. x. 1907. “Iris brown,
feet black, bill black, sire stiedatbte grey.”—Wing 55, 54; tail 54, 53; bill
11, 104 mm.

* Berlepsch, Journ. f. Ornith, 1889. p. 98 (not p. 2 as cited by Ridgway).

+ Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. x. pp. 405-6.

t B. wropygialis poliothrix Berlepsch & we arr Proe, Zool, Soe. a 1896. p. 331 (1896.—La
Gloria, Chanchamayo, Central Peru).

( 266 )

No. 536. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 11. ix. 1907. “Iris brown, feet
grey, bill blackish grey.” — Wing 55 ; tail 51; bill 10} mm.

No. 152. ? ad., Calama, 2. vii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill blackish.”—
Wing 54; tail 53; bill 10} mm.

This series, which is to be considered topotypical, does not differ in any way
from Caura examples. In the males, the slate-grey of the flanks is separated by a
distinct white stripe from the rosy red colour of the belly, forehead and crown are
glossy black, and behind the eye there is a broad, lengthened stripe of white. The
distinctness of G. p. paraensis Rothsch.* is thus fully confirmed. The range of the
two forms is as follows :—

(a) G. p. pelzelni Scl.

North Bolivia: Falls of the Madeira (Rusby).t North Brazil : Destacamento
do Ribeirio, Salto do Girao (Natterer), Borba, Calama (Hoffmanns), on the Rio
Madeira; Jamarysinho, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns); Itaitiba (Hoffmanns, t
Snethlage §), Villa Braga (Snethlage §), Rio Tapajéz; Arumatheua, left bank
of Tocantins (Snethlage ||). British Guiana: Camacusa (H. Whitely, jun. 4).
Venezuela **: Munduapo, Orinoco (Cherrie); Suapure (Klages), La Pricion,
La Union, Nicare (André), Caura River.

(4) G. p. paraensis Rothsch.
N.E. Brazil: Prata near Parad (Hoffmanns *).

18. Pachysylvia thoracica semicinerea (Scl. & Salv.).

[Hylophilus thoracicus Temminck, Rec. Pl. col. livr, 29. tab. 173. fig. 1 (1822.—“ Brésil,” sc. Rio de
Janeiro ; cf. Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 20).]

Hylophilus semicinereus Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. 8. Lond, 1867. p. 570. tab. xxx. fig. 2 (Para).

H., thoracicus (nec Temminck) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii, 1858. p. 70 (part. : Salto do Girao,
Borba: Rio Madeira) ; cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 5-6.

No. 645. 3 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8. x. 1907. “Iris light yellow, feet clear
brown, bill dark grey.”—Wing 58 ; tail 47; bill 13 mm.

No. 716. ¢ juv., S. Isabel, 19. x. 1907. “Iris white, feet light grey, bill
black.” —Wing 56; tail 514 ; bill 11 mm.

The differences noticed between topotypical Para specimens and those from
more westerly localities (/.c.) do not prove to be constant. The adult ¢ is practically
identical with several skins from Para.

The young bird, whose back is still partly covered with the fluffy, brownish
feathers of the nestling plumage, has the bill much shorter, narrower, and entirely
black (instead of pale brown). The rectrices, too, are longer, distinctly pointed, and
interiorily edged with pale yellowish.

* Bull. Brit. O. C. xvi. 1906. p. 81 (Prata, Paré); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii, 1906. p. 355,
} Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. 1889. p. 79.

t Hellmayr, Mov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 5.

§ Snethlage, Journ. 7. Ornith. 1908, p. 497.

|| Eadem, Lc. p. 521.

J Salvin, Jdis 1885. p. 204.
** Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 10.

( 267 )

The range of P. t. semicinerea is as follows :—

Lower Amazons: Pari (Wallace, Layard, Snethlage), Prata near Para
(Hoffmanns) ; Itaittiba, left bank of the R. Tapajéz (Hoffmanns, Snethlage); Rio
Madeira: Borba, Salto do Girao (Natterer), 8. Isabel (Hoffmanns).

19. Pachysylvia rubrifrons (Scl. & Salv.).

Hylophilus rubrifrons Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. Lond. 1867. p. 569. tab. xxx, fig. 1 [1867.—“ River
Amazons (1850) ”—Wallace coll.—sc, Rio Negro *].

H. ferrugineifrons (nec Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii, 1868. p. 70 (Rio Negro below Santa
Barbara ; Para).+

No. 344. ¢ juv., Calama, 7. viii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill grey.”—
Wing 57; tail 42; bill 133 mm.

No. 1009. ¢ vix ad. Maruins, 13. vii. 1908. “ Iris dark brown, feet pale
_ yellowish grey, bill black, below grey.”—Wing 59; tail 424 ; bill 125 mm.

No. 1023. Adult (not sexed), Maruins, 16. vii. 1908. “Iris brown, feet pale
grey, bill grey.”"—Wing 61; tail 44; bill 13} mm. ;

These specimens present very little variation inter se. I have compared
No. 344 with the type in the British Museum, and found them identical except that
in the latter the throat and foreneck are somewhat darker, more buffy brownish,
less yellowish, and the back of a rather duller green. These slight divergencies are
certainly due to difference of age, for the type is a very young bird, this being
proved by the fluffy texture of the nape-feathers and the rusty suffusion of the under
tail-coverts. In fully or nearly adult birds (Nos. 1028, 1009) the latter are clear
yellow, the back is rather brighter green, and the throat buffy yellow.

The figure in the P. Z.S. 1867 is wholly misleading: throat and foreneck
heing represented as pale ferruginous, while they are buffy brownish in the type,
the wings being far too rufous, etc.

P. rubrifrons is most nearly related to P. luteifrons (Scl.), from British
Guiana and Cayenne, but differs in having the frontal and supraloral stripe deep
cinnamon-rufous (not dingy ochraceous buff), the upper parts of a clearer green
(without any brownish shade), the cheeks and ear-coverts decidedly isabelline
(instead of greyish olive), the tail much brighter russet-brown, the throat much
more tinged with buff, etc.

P. ferrugineifrons (Scl.), from Bogotd and Venezuela, also bears a certain
likeness to P. rubrifrons, but may readily be distinguished by its duller, rafescent
brown tail, greyish olive cheeks and ear-coverts, whitish throat, greyish white (not
yellowish) belly, and especially by the rufous colour of the forehead being much
duller and continued over the crown.

The range of P. rubrifrons, as known at present, is as follows :—

North Brazil: Rio Negro (Wallace), below Santa Barbara, Rio Negro
(Natterer). Rio Madeira t: Calama; Marains on the Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).
Para (Natterer, Snethlage).

* The type was certainly obtained on the Rio Negro, for we learn from Travels on the Amazons and
Rio Negro, 1853, p. 163, that Mr. Wallace arrived at the city of Barra do Rio Negro on December 31, 1849,
and spent all the year 1850 in explorations on that river.

+ Although the specimens are no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum, there can be scarcely any
doubt that they are rather referable to P. rubrifrons, for it is this species that was obtained by
Mr. Wallace on the Rio Negro, and more recently by Miss Snethlage in the vicinity of Pard.

t Farther to the west, on the Rio Jurudé, however, P. ferrugincifrons (Scl.) is found. A specimen in
the Museu Paulista, kindly sent for my inspection by Professor H. v. Ihering, agrees perfectly with the
series from Bogot4 and the Caura Valley in the Munich Museum,

( 268 )

20. Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons Snethl.

(Hylophilus muscicapinus Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 156 (1873, —Cayenne). |
Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 160 (1907.— Villa Braga, left bank
of the R. Tapajéz) ; eadem, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 497.

Nos. 897, 915. dd ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 2, 8. vi. 1908. “Iris greyish
brown or brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, lower mandible grey.”—Wing 59, 604 ;
tail 45, 454; bill 13,14 mm. (Munich Museum.)

P. m. griseifrons appears to be a fairly well-marked form. Compared with the
series from Cayenne and the Caura Valley in the Munich Museum, the two skins
differ by having the back decidedly brighter yellowish green and the sides of the
head conspicuously deeper isabelline-rufous. The chin as well as the upper throat
are scarcely different from the colour of the lower throat and foreneck, while they
are more or less whitish in the typical race. Furthermore, the dull rufescent
frontal band, more or less well pronounced in P. m. muscicapina, is absent, the
forehead being cinereous like the crown and nape, and the lower tail-coverts are of
a deeper olive-yellow. There is no difference as regards size between the two
forms, whose ranges are as follows :—

(a) P. muscicapina muscicapina (Sel, & Salv.).

Cayenne: Oyapoc (Jelski). Surinam (d in Tring Museum, Chunkoo coll.).
British Guiana: Corentyn River (Im Thurn), Bartica Grove, Camacusa (H. Whitely,
jun., coll.). East Venezuela: Suapuré, La Union, La Pricion in the Caura Valley
(E. André coll.). :

(b) P. muscicapina griseifrons Snethl.

North Brazil: Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapajéz (Snethlage, type) ;
Maruins on the Machados, right-hand tributary of the Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns).

21. Vireo chivi (Vieill.).
Sylvia chivi Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xi, p. 174 (1817.—ex Azara : Paraguay).
Vireosylvia agilis Pelzeln, /.c. p. 73 (Borba).
No. 533. 2 juv., Jamarysinho, 10, ix. 1907. ‘Iris dark brown, feet grey-blue,
bill grey.”
Adult birds obtained by Natterer at Borba agree well with others from
Paraguay, Brazil, ete. Cf. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906, p. 11.

[22. Vireo calidris calidris (Linn.).
Motacilla Calidris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 184 (1758.—based on Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds iii.

p. 121. pl. 121. fig. inf. [pessima !] ; Jamaica),

Vireosylvia mystacalis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 73 (Borba).

Natterer shot an adult male (in moult) near Borba, February 10, 1830.
Thanks to Dr. Lorenz, this bird is now before me, and proves to be an example
of V.c. calidris. The superciliary line is bright isabelle as in a long suite from
Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Haiti, while it is much paler, dull white or buffy
whitish in V. ¢. barbatula (from Cuba and Bahama Islands) and V. ec. barbadensis
(from Santa Lucia, Guadeloupe, 8. Vincent, etc.) ; cheeks and malar region are
tinged with pale isabelline, which is not the case in the last-named races; the
pilenm is dull brownish, the tips of the feathers edged with greenish (in V. ec.

( 269 )

barbatula and V. c, barbadensis the pileum is ashy grey without any greenish
shade) ; there is no trace of a dusky line above the superciliary stripe, etc., ete.

As far as I know Borba is the most southerly record for V. c. calidris in its
winter quarters. |

[23. Cyclarhis gujanensis gujanensis (Gm.).

Tanagra gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 893 (1789.—ex Buffon’s “ Verderoux” : “ Guyane”),
Cyclorhis guianensis Pelzeln, l.c. p, 74 (Borba).
Cyclarhis g. gujanensis Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p, 346 (Humaytha, Borba),

Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns), Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Ranges
from Cayenne and Parda all over Amazonia to Eastern Peru.]

24. Progne chalybea chalybea (Gm.).

Hirundo chalybea Gmelin, Syst, Nat, 1. ii. p. 1026 (1789.—ex Brisson, Orn, ii, p. 495. tab. 46, fig. 1,
and D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 545. fig. 2: Cayenne).

No. 100. ? ad., Calama, 23. vi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet bluish black, bill
black.”—Wing 125 ; tail 64; bill 114 mm,

Agrees in colour and size with specimens from Cayenne, Caura (Venezuela),
and Paré. The southern P. chalybea domestica (Vieill.), which occurs from Bahia
and Goyaz southwards, is much larger, the wing varying from 137 to 145, the tail
from 70 to 80 mm.

25. Progne tapera (Linn.).
Hirundo Tapera Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1. p. 345 (1766,—“ in America,” as type locality fixed
East Brazil (ex Maregrave) aut. Berl. & Hart. Nov, Zool, ix. p. 14).
No. 760. ¢ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907, “Iris brownish grey, feet and bill
black.”—Wing 123 ; tail 63; bill 11 mm.

26. Atticora fasciata (Gm.).

Hirundo fasciata Gmelin, Syst, Nat, 1. ii, p, 1022 (1789.—ex Buffon and D’Aubenton, PI, enl, 724.

fig. 2: Cayenne).
Aiticora fasciata Pelzeln, I.c. p. 18 (Rio Guaporé above los tres barras),

Nos. 889, 890. dd ad., Marnins, 30. v. 1908. “Iris, feet, and bill black.”—
Wing 100, 101; tail 72; bill 6 mm.

These examples differ from others obtained in British Guiana and Eastern
Venezuela (Caura) in smaller size, less forked tail, broader white breast-band, and
more steel-blue (less purplish) gloss of the plumage.

[27. Atticora melanoleuca (Wied).
Hirundo melanoleuca Wied, Reise Brasil. i. p. 345 (1820.—Rio Belmonte, Bahia).
Aitticora melanoleuca Pelzeln, /.c. p. 18 (Bananeira, Rio Mamoré ; Salto Theotonio).

Rio Madeira : Salto Theotonio (Natterer). |

28. Dacnis cayana cayana (Linn.).

Motacilla cayana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 336 (1766.—ex Brisson (excl. syn. Hernandez]:
Cayenne).

Daenis cayana cayana Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 346 (Humaytha, Borba),

D. cyanocephala Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 25 (Borba).

No. 718. ? ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 19. x. 1907. “Iris brown, feet light
greyish yellow, bill black.”—Wing 61 ; tail 42} ; bill 12 mm,

( 270 )

Specimens from the Rio Madeira agree, in colour and size, with the typical
Cayenne form.

29. Dacnis angelica angelica Bonap.*

Dacenis angelica (De Filippi MS.) Bonaparte, Atti Riun, Sci. Ital. 1844, p. 404 nota (1845 —“ ex
Brasilia” : descr. ¢ ad.).
D. cayana (not of Linnaeus) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 25 (Salto do Girao).

No. 444. $ad., Calama, 23. viii. 1907. “Tris clear yellow, feet and bill
black.”—Wing 57 ; tail 41; bill 10 mm.

The specimen does not bear out the characters mentioned by me in Nov. Zool.
xii. p. 271. It is even brighter greenish on the back and sides of the belly than
Bogoté skins ; besides the cheeks and throat are distinctly washed with pale
greenish blue. Anadult male from Salto do Girao (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum)
is not appreciably different from others found in Bogota collections.

30. Dacnis flaviventer Lafr. & D’Orb.

Dacnis flaviventer Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av.i,in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 21 (1837. —“ Yuracares,
rep. Boliviana ”).

Nos. 176, 662. dd ad., Calama, 6. vii. 1907; S. Isabel, 10. x. 1907.— Wing
63; tail 40, 41; bill 12 mm.

No. 340. dimm., Calama, 6. viii. 1907.— Wing 58; tail 41; bill 114 mm.

Nos. 490, 720. ? ? ad., Calama, 30. viii. 1907; 8S. Isabel, 19. x. 1907.—Wing
64, 61 ; tail 44, 42; bill 11, 12 mm.

No. 859. $ juv., Marmellos, 24. xii. 1907.—Wing 62; tail 44; bill 114 mm.

“Tris red or yellowish red, feet black, plumbeous (720, 859), bill black.”

This beantifal bird has recently been recorded from various localities in
Amazonia. Mr. Hoffmanns secured a couple at Teffé;t Mr. E. Garbe a female
on the banks of the Rio Jurua; { the Pari Museum received several examples from
the Upper Paris ;§ and Miss Snethlage met with it on the island of Goyana in the
Tapajéz. ||

[31. Dacnis bicolor (Vieill.).

Sylvia bicolor Vieillot, Ois. Amér. Sept. ii. p. 32. pl. 90 bis (1807.—‘‘ trés rarement sous la zone
boréale et plus communément entre les tropiques.”—We substitute Cayenne as type locality,
Type in Paris Museum examined).

Dendroeca bicolor Pelzeln, /.c. p. 71 (Rio Madeira).

Rio Madeira, November 1829 (Natterer).

Natterer’s specimens are not different from others obtained in Venezuela and
Bahia. It may be mentioned that the two birds registered by Pelzeln s.n.
“ Nemosia spec.” {| are young males of the present species. ]

* In Nov. Zool. xii. 1905, p. 271, I employed the term melanotis for the Brazilian race, under the
erroneous assumption that D. angelica had been based on Colombian specimens. However, D. melanotis

Strickl. is apparently a synonym of D. angelica, while the western form is entitled to the name
arcangelica Bonap.

t Nov. Zool, xiv, p. 42,

} Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. p, 432.

§ Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 9.

|| Z.e. p. 498.

{ Orn. Bras. iii, p. 215 (Cajutiba near Pard),

( 271)

32. Cyanerpes caerulea cherriei Berl. & Hart.

[Certhia caerulea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 118 (1758.—ex Edwards : Surinam). ]
Cyanerpes caerulex cherriei Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 16 (1902.—Munduapo, Orinoco) ;

Hellmayr, /.c, xiv. p. 347 (Humaytha).
Caereba caerulea Pelzeln, lc, p. 25 (Salto do Girao).
No. 566. df ad., Jamarysinho, 16. ix, 1907.—Wing 54; tail 25 mm.
No. 609. ? ad., S. Isabel, 2. x. 1907.—Wing 54; tail 27; bill 16 mm.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 42-43, where characters and range of this form are
given.
[33. Chlorophanes spiza (Linn.) subsp.

Motacilla spiza Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. x. p. 188 (1758.—ex Edwards: Surinam; excl. var. 8).
Dacnis atricapilla Pelzeln, l.c. p. 26 (Engenho do Gama, Guaporé ; Salto Girao),
Rio Madeira : Salto do Girao (Natterer).

Ihave not seen specimens from the Rio Madeira. They possibly belong to
C. s. caerulescens Cass.*|

34. Procnias viridis occidentalis Scl.

[Hirundo viridis Mliger, Prodr. Syst. Mam, et Av. p. 229 (1811.—based on “ L’Hirondelle verte’

Temminck, Cat, Syst. Cab. d'Orn, et Quadrum. 1807. p. 245. No. 986: Brasilia; = 2);
ef. Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus, N. Y. ii. 1889. p. 70.]

Procnias occidentalis Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. xxii, 1854, p, 249 (April 1855.,—“ Nova

Grenada ”’).

Nos. 608, 627, 654, 655, 660. dd ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 2, 5, 9, 10. x.
1907.— Wing 82—84, (one) 89; tail 49—55 ; bill 9--10 mm.

Nos. 677,659. dd juv., 8. Isabel, 10, 11. x. 1907.

No. 920. od juv., Marnuins, 9. vi. 1908.

Nos. 605, 653, 704. ? % ad., S. Isabel, 2, 9, 16. x. 1907.—Wing 82—85 ; tail
53—55 mm.

No. 913. $ ad., Maruins, 7. vi. 1908.—Wing 85 ; tail 55 mm.

‘Tris brown or reddish brown, feet dark grey or blackish, bill black.”

The specimens agree, in coloration and size, with a large series from Colombia
(Bogoté and Chocd), Ecuador, and Venezuela (Cumand), Examples from Eastern
Brazil (Bahia and Rio) are much larger (wing 90—95, tail 58—62 mm.) and of a
lighter, more greenish (Nile) blue. The latter undoubtedly represent typical
P. viridis viridis. To my mind, P. v. occidentalis is a very well-marked race,
though occasionally specimens may be found that do not differ in colour from
the typical race. The difference in size, however, is quite ¢onstant.

35. Euphonia aurea aurea (Pall.) [an subsp. ?].

Parus aureus Pallas in Vroeg’s Cutalogue, Adumbrat. p. 4 (1764.—Surinam).
Tanagra chlorotica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p, 317 (1766.—ex Brisson: “ Cayania”’).

No. 1052. 3 ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 22. vii. 1908. “ Iris, feet, and bill
black.”—Wing 55 ; tail 304 ; bill 8 mm.

Differs from Cayenne skins in the Munich Museum by its much darker, deep
bluish black (instead of bright purple) throat ; the yellow on the anterior portion of
the crown is rather more extended, the bill somewhat thicker and stouter, and the
outermost rectrix only (instead of the two other ones) has a white spot on the inner
web. A large series from different parts of its range is required to establish the

* Chlorophanes caerulescens Cassin, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Philad, 1864. p. 268 (Yuracares, Bolivia).

( 272)

geographic races of F. aurea, which are far from being satisfactorily understood.
Cf. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 6, and lc. xv. 1908, p. 26.

This is the first record from the Madeira district, since the birds enumerated
under EF. chlorotica by Pelzeln turned out to belong to F. chrysopasta Scl. & Salv.

[36. Euphonia violacea lichtensteinii (Cab.).

[Fringilla violacea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 182 (1758.—“ in calidis regionibus ”),]
Phonasca Lichtensteinii Cabanis, Journ. f. Ornith. 1860, p. 331 (1860.—Cayenne).
Euphona Lichtensteinii Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. p, 204 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns.

Miss Snethlage has lately met with it on the Tapajéz: Goyana, Ilha do
Papageio.* |

37. Euphonia laniirostris laniirostris Lafr. & D’Orb.
Euphonia laniirostris Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 30 (1837.—
Yuracares, Bolivia) ; Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 347 (Humaytha).

Nos. 172, 552. dd ad., Calama, 6. vii., Jamarysinho, 14. ix. 1907—Wing
62, 634; tail 35, 36; bill 9 mm.

Nos. 3, 95, 173. ? 2 ad., Calama, 8, 22. vi., 6. vii. 1907—Wing 58—60; tail
33—34 ; bill 8—9 mm.

No. 903. ? ad., Maruins, 4. vi. 1908.—Wing 61; tail 35; bill 9 mm.

“Tris dark brown or blackish, feet black or plumbeous, bill black.”

The males, while fully corroborating the distinctness of E. landirostris, differ
from the type and Natterer’s Mattogrosso examples by having the chin-angle
narrowly bordered with blackish. The females agree, in coloration, with £.
crassirostris Scl., from Colombia, Venezuela, etc., but have a much thicker, wider
bill. Two (Nos. 3 and 173) have, on the upper surface here and there, especially
on the occiput, a distinct slaty or oily gloss. The range of £. l. laniirostris is
restricted to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama, etc.), Western Mattogrosso
(Villa Maria, Sao Vicente, Villa Bella, Abrilongo, Chapada), and Northern Bolivia
(Yuracares). In Central Pern it is replaced by the nearly allied E. laniirostris
peruviana Berl. & Stolzm.t

(38. Euphonia melanura Scl.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 347 (Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Hoffmanns). Not secured on the present occasion.

E. melanura differs from the preceding species by its even (not emarginate) and
entirely black tail. In E. lanitrostris the outermost rectrix (and sometimes also
the succeeding one) shows a large white patch on the inner web.

E. melanura is widely distributed in Upper Amazonia. ]

39. Euphonia rufiventris (Vieill.).
Tanagra rufiventris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxxii, p. 426 (1819.—loc, ign.: “ type au Muséum
d'Histoire Naturelle,—rapporté par Sonnerat ”).
Nos. 229, 153. 3? ad., Calama, 2, 16. vii. 1907, “ Iris brown, feet and bill
black.” —Wing 61; tail 35; bill 9—10 mm.
Agreeing with specimens from Eastern Ecuador. For the first time recorded
from the Rio Madeira, though widely distributed in Upper Amazonia,

* Journ. f. Ornith, 1908, p. 498,
T Ornis xiii. pt. ii, 1906, p, 77 (type ex La Merced),

( 273 )

[40. Euphonia chrysopasta Scl. & Salv.

Euphonia chrysopasta Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. 1869. p. 438. pl. xxx. figs. 1, 2
(fb 2) (1869.—“ in Peruvia orientali in ripis fl. Ucayali (Bartlett); et in ripis fi. Napo,
reipubl. Aequatorialis ”’).

Euphona chlorotica (errore) Pelzeln, l.c, p, 202 (Salto do Girao, Mandos).

Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao (Natterer).

Pelzeln mistook the examples of this species obtained by Natterer for the
young (and female) of £. chlorotica. E. chrysopasta has a wide range in
Amazonia, but in Brazil does not seem to occur east of the Madeira Valley.
The single female from Salto do Girao in the Vienna Museum is slightly more
yellowish green on the back than a series from Bogota, Manéos, and Venezuela
(Canra). In size (wing 56; tail 36 mm.) it agrees with Bogota skins. |

41, Calospiza chilensis (Vigors).

Aglaia Chilensis Vigors, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc, Lond. ii, 1832. p. 3 (1832.—* Chili” errore! We.
substitute Bolivia as type locality).
Calliste yeni auct.

No. 211. ¢ ad., Calama, 12. vii. 1907. “ Iris, feet, and bill black.”— Wing 75;
tail 54; bill 93 mm.

Agreeing with examples from Bolivia and Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo). First
record from the Rio Madeira, although Natterer had obtained an immature male at
Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, July 30, 1826.* CC. chilensis agrees with
C. paradisea coelicolor (Scl.) + in size, extent of golden green about the head, and
coloration of the upper wing-coverts, but differs by having the lower back and ramp
deep scarlet without any yellow. Its distribution is rather curious, for it appears to
cross the range of C. paradisea coelicolor.

(42. Calospiza cayana cayana (Linn.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p, 347 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). |

43. Calospiza albertinae (Pelz.).

Calliste albertinae Pelzeln, [bis 1877. p. 337 (1877.—Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira).

C. gyroloides (nec Lafresnaye) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. iii. 1869. p. 207 (part. : Salto do Girao).

Calospiza albertinae Hellmayr, Nov, Zool, xii. p. 273 (Igarapé-Asst, Pard) ; idem, /.c, xiii. p. 357
Prata, Para) ; Snethlage, Journ. f, Ornith. 1908. p. 522 (Aleobaga, Tocantins ; descr. ¢ ).

No. 1060. 3 ad., Maruins, 30. vii. 1908. “Iris brown, feet and bill bluish
black.”—Wing 71; tail 45; bill 103 mm. (Munich Museum.)

This is the first perfectly adult specimen I have seen, both the type (from Salto
do. Girao) and the two males from Prata, Pard, being slightly immature. It proves:
that in fully adult males the throat is dull bluish as in C. gyroloides (Lafr.), bat
C. albertinae can, of course, easily be recognized by its more yellowish green back
and its orange-rafous shoulder-spot. The species evidently has a wide range in
Brazil south of the Amazon Valley, Natterer and Hoffmanns obtained it on the Rio
Madeira, the latter naturalist as well as Robert met with it at Prata near Para,
and Miss Snethlage took a couple at Alcobaca, on the left bank of the Tocantins,

* ©. yeni Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, iii. p. 206. ‘
+ Calliste tataoauct. — ‘5

( 274 )

44, Calospiza mexicana boliviana Bonap.

[Tanagra mexicana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 315 (1766.—ex. Brisson: Cayana),.]

Callospiza boliviana Bonaparte, C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris xxxii. p, 80 (1851—Guarajos, East
Bolivia).

Calospiza mexicana boliviana Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Borba).

Calliste flaviventris (nec Vieillot) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 207 (Guaporé, Borba),

Nos. 341, 429. 2? ad, Calama, 6, 19. viii. 1907—Wing 71, 694; tail 52;
bill 9 mm.

No. 696. dad. S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 14. x. 1907.—Wing 74; tail 52;
bill 92 mm.

No, 657. $ ad., S. Isabel, 9. x. 1907—Wing 704; tail 50; bill 92 mm.

No. 821. ¢ juv., Marmellos (right bank), 17. xii. 1907.—Wing 69; tail 49;
bill 9 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

Belly deep yellow, shoulder-patch uniform azure-blue, exactly as in specimens
from Peru, Ecuador, and Bogota collections. Sometimes a few of the innermost
lesser wing-coverts are narrowly edged with turquoise-blue. Cf. also Nov. Zool.
xiv. p. 7. C.m. boliviana ranges eastwards as far as Para.

[45. Calospiza nigrocincta (Bonap.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

Thongh occurring in Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura district), British Guiana, and
widely distributed in Upper Amazonia, this species has not been recorded from any
Brazilian locality east of the Madeira Valley. ]

46. Tanagra episcopus coelestis Spix.

(Tanagra Episcopus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii. 1. p, 316 (1766.—ex Brisson : “ Brésil “31

T. coelestis Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 42. pl. lv. fig. 2. (1825.—Fonteboa, Rio Solimées, fixed as type
locality ; cf. my revision of Spix’s types, p. 676),

7, episcopus coelestis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Borba).

T. episcopus Pelzeln, l.c. p, 208 (part. : Borba).

No. 347. ¢ ad., Calama, 7. viii. 1907.—Wing 91 ; tail 66 ; bill 134 mm.
“ Tris brown, bill and feet black.”
Agrees with the type and other Upper Amazonian specimens,

47. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera Scl.

[ Tanagra palmarum Wied, Reise Brasil, ii. p. 76 (1821.—Canavieras, Bahia).]
T. melanoptera (Hartlaub MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxiv. 1856, p. 235 (January 1857.—

Eastern Peru, etc.).
Nos. 295, 477. $3 ad., Calama, 29. vii., 28. viii. 1907.
bill black.”"—Wing 94, 98 ; tail 70, 72; bill 133, 14 mm.
One of these specimens is typical of melanoptera, having mere traces of dark
olive-grey edges to some of the outer primaries, exactly like examples from the
Caura Valley, Trinidad, ete., in the Munich Museum. The other (No. 295) slightly
points towards 7. p. palmarum of Eastern Brazil, though the greenish edges of the
remiges are duller and less distinct than in the latter. Birds from the vicinity of

Pard, however, agree in coloration with the typical race, but are smaller. Cf. Nov.
Zool, xii. pp. 273-4,

“Tris brown, feet and

( 275 )

48. Ramphocelus nigrogularis (Spix).

Tanagra nigrogularis Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 35. pl. xlvii, (1825.—“ad flamen Solimoéns in sylvis
pagi St. Pauli”).
Ramphocelus nigrigularis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 210 (Borba),

No. 742. 3 imm., Allianca, 1. xi. 1907.—Wing 84; tail 77; bill 14 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet black, bill black, base of lower mandible white.”

Miss Snethlage * has recently obtained specimens at Cussary, south bank of
the Amazons, opposite Monte Alegre, the most easterly locality as yet known.

49. Ramphocelus carbo carbo (Pall.).

Lanius (Carbo) Pallas in Vroeg’s Catal. rais.,, Adumbrat. p. 2 (1764.—Surinam).
Ramphocelus albirostris Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 210 (Ribeirao).
R. jacapa auct.

No. 418. 3 ad., Calama, 18. viii. 1907—Wing 80; tail 77; bill 15 mm.

Nos. 606, 687. 2 ad., 8. Isabel, 2, 12. x. 1907.

No, 424. ? juv., Calama, 18. viii. 1907,

“Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

Identical with topotypical specimens from Surinam and others from Cayenne, ete.

A nest taken October 12, 1907, at S. Isabel with the parent bird (No. 687) is a
fairly compact structure of dry leaves, twigs, roots and stems of various plants,
and has no other lining, except that the material is finer in the middle. The cup is
about 50 mm. deep and 70 mm. across. The eggs are light greenish blue with black
points and spots, crowded around the larger end. They measure from 21 to 22 by
16 to 17 mm.

50. Piranga rubra rubra (Linn.).

Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. x. p. 181 (1758.—based on Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, ete. i.
p. 56. pl. 56: Carolina, Virginia).

Tanagra aestiva Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1. ii. p. 889 (1789.—based on the same).

Piranga aestiva auct. brit.

No. 799. ¢ ad., Allianca, 22. xi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet plumbeous, bill
yellowish grey.’—Wing 92; tail 72 ; bill 17 mm.

Practically identical with specimens from Eastern United States, Colombia, ete.

Apparently the first record from Brazil, although the bird is a common winter

visitor in the northern parts of South America.

51. Lanio versicolor (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

Tachyphonus versicolor Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syn, Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p, 28 (1837.—

Yuracares, Bolivia).
Lanio versicolor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 349 (Humaytha),

No. 766. ¢ ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black.”—
Wing 82; tail 68 ; bill 134 mm.

Within Brazilian limits, the species is as yet only known to occur in the
Madeira Valley.

* Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 294.

( 276 )

52. Phoenicothraupis rubra peruviana Tacz.

[Tachyphonus ruber Vieillot, Nouv, Dict, xxxii. p, 359 (1819.—‘ fle de la Trinité”).]

Phoenicothraupis peruvianus Taczanowski, Orn, Pérou ii. p. 498 (1884.—Peru : Yurimaguas and
Monterico), ;

P. rubra peruviana Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 348 (Humaytha).

P. rubra (nec Vieillot) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 212 (Borba).

No. 203. ¢ imm.,, Calama, 10. vii. 1907.—Wing 93 ; tail 82; bill 174 mm.

Nos. 34, 122. 29, Calama, 13, 28. vi. 1907.—Wing 87, 82; tail 77, 74;
bill 16 mm. eer

“Tris brown or greyish brown, feet brown or yellowish grey, bill greyish,
darker above.”

In Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 44, I have given a résumé of the ranges and characters of
P. 7. peruviana and its allies, to which I have nothing to add.

53. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafr. & D’Orb.

Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av, i. in Mag. Zool. el. ii. p, 29 (1837,—
Guarayos, Bolivia) ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. p. 213 (Salto Girao, Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov,
Zool. xiv. p. 349 (Humaytha, Borba *).

Nos. 210, 423, 475. 3d ad., Calama, 12. vii., 18, 28. viii. 1907.— Wing 60—61;

tail 50—53 ; bill 11—12 mm.

No. 895. ¢ ad., Maruins, 1. vi. 1907.—Wing 62 ; tail 54; bill 11 mm.

Nos. 225, 398, 466. 9 ad., Calama, 15. Vil, 15, 2c, Vin 1907.—Wing

7—683 ; tail 50—54; bill 11—12 mm.

No, 752. ¢ jav., Allianca, 6. xi. 1907.—Wing 58 ; tail 54; bill 12 mm.

Absolutely identical with topotypical Bolivian examples. The young female
differs from the adult ones by having the cap washed with olive-greenish; the sides
of the head dull brownish instead of cinereous, the under parts of a deeper, more
buffy yellow, and the throat tinged with yellowish.

[54. Tachyphonus phoenicius Swains.

Tachyphonus phoenicius Swainson, Anim. in Menag, p. 311 (1838,—loc, ign., hab, substit. East Peru,
aut. Berlepsch),

T. phoeniceus Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras, iii, p. 214 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer). Apparently of wide distribution in Amazonia,
being recorded from British Guiana and Eastern Pern.

Natterer’s specimens from Borba agree well with others from Guiana. |

(55. Tachyphonus surinamus insignis Hellm.

[Turdus surinamus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii.-1, p. 297 (1766.—ex Brisson : Surinam),]

Tachyphonus surinamus insignis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 357 (1906.—Bemfica, Para),

T. surinamus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii, 1869. p. 213 (part. : Pard, Borba) ; Snethlage, Journ. f.
Orn. 1907. p. 295 (Pard, Rio Macujubim, 8, Antonio do Prata).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Dr. Lorenz has kindly sent for my inspection the three adult males obtained

by Natterer. One is practically identical with topotypical Pard examples, while the

two others have the ochreous patch on the sides of the chest even darker and more
decidedly mixed with ferruginous.

T. s. insignis is hitherto only known from the Parad district, and from Borba,
* The latter locality inadvertently omitted,

( 277)

lower Rio Madeira. North of the Amazons, near Mandos, it is represented by
T. 8s. surinamus, while farther up, in the vicinity of Teffé, and on the upper Rio
Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna) another closely allied race, 7. s. napensis, takes
its place. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. pp. 357-8.]

56. Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae n. subsp.
[ Tanagra cristata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1, p. 317 (1766.—ex Brisson : Cayenne). }
Tachyphonus cristatus (nec Linnaeus) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. iii. p. 213 (part. : Engenho do Gama,

Rio Guaporé ; Borba, r. Madeira).

T. cristatus subsp. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p, 349 (Humaytha).

Nos. 209, 249, 329, 386, 483. ddad., Calama, 12, 22. vii, 2, 12, 29. viii,
1907.—Wing 79—83 ; tail 70—77; bill 124—14 mm. “Iris brown, feet and bill
black.”

dad. Nearest to, and agreeing with, 7. cristatus brunneus (Spix), of Eastern
Brazil (from Para to S. Paulo), in having the crest deep fiery or vermilion-red and
bordered in front only by a rather narrow, bright buff line, but crest-feathers much
shorter—scarcely longer than in 7. ¢. cristatus, from Cayenne, etc.—and whole
throat, except a small blackish chin-spot, deep ochraceous buff.

? ad. Not different from that of 7. c. cristatus.

Type in Tring Museum: ¢ ad., Calama, 2. viii. 1907 (W. Hoffmanns coll.,
No. 329).

Besides the above series, I have before me the adult male from Humaytha
obtained on Mr. Hoffmanns’ first trip to the Rio Madeira, and several examples,
among them an adult female, belonging to the Vienna Museum (Natterer coll.).
Compared with some thirty skins from Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de
Janeiro, the Madeira birds have the crest invariably shorter and generally of a
deeper fiery red. Even more strongly marked is the difference in the extent of the
ochraceous gular spot. The Calama and Humaytha specimens have the whole
throat, with the exception of a very small black chin-spot, deep ochraceous buff,
while in 7. c. brunneus there is but a broad stripe of a clearer buff along the middle
of the throat, the sides of the latter, as well as a large patch on the chin, being
dull black like the remainder of the lower parts. 7. c. eristatus (and the doubt-
fully distinct 7. c. cristatellus) may be distinguished from the new form by their
smaller gular spot, and particularly by the much lighter, orange-red crest, bordered
in front and laterally by a broad, creamy buff margin.

T. c. madeirae appears to be restricted to the Madeira Valley and its head-
waters, Guaporé, etc. ; for specimens from the Rio Negro (Barcellos, Marabitanas)
and Northern Peru (Loretoyacu, Pern) agree in every respect with Bogoté skins
(so-called cristatellus).*

57. Eucometis penicillata penicillata (Spix).
Tanagra penicillata Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 36. pl. xlix. fig. 1 (1825,—no locality ; type examined).
Eucometis penicillata Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras, iii. p. 212 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 349

(Humaytha),

Nos. 413, 414. d imm., d juv., Calama (island), 17. viii. 1907. ‘Iris greyish
brown, feet pale greyish yellow, bill black.”—Wing 85, 82; tail 82; bill 15},
16 mm.

* The supposed female of Tachyphonus nattereri Pelz. (lc. p. 328: ¢ ad. Villa Maria, Rio Paraguay)
was secured at Salto do Girao by Natterer. It is, however, doubtful whether it really belongs to
T. nattereri, and the question must be left in abeyance until adult males from that locality come to
hand, i

(278) -

Adult birds from the Rio Madeira agree with the type in the Munich Museum.
The two young ones from Calama have the bill blackish, and, like Peruvian
examples, the legs and feet pale fleshy brown. Cf. my remarks, J.c., pp. 349-50.

(58. Cypsnagra ruficollis pallidigula Hellm.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 350 (Humaytha ).

Left bank: campos of Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Also occurring in Ceara,
N.E. Brazil.]

59. Nemosia pileata (Bodd.).

Tanagra pileata Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. col. p. 45 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 720. fig. 2 = gad. :

Cayenne), :

Nos. 826, 828, 834. do ad., Marmellos, 18, 19, 20. xii, 1907. “Iris and feet
yellow, bill black.”—Wing 67—70 ; tail 453—49; bill 12 mm,

Nos, 827, 829. dd imm., Marmellos, 18, 19. xii. 1907. “Iris and feet yellow,
bill black, lower mandible yellowish grey.”

No. 819. ? ad., Marmellos, 17. xii. 1907.“ Bill black, below yellowish grey.”
—Wing 64; tail 43; bill 114 mm.

Rather brighter on the upper parts, bat not otherwise different from Bahia
specimens. |

N. pileata, though widely distributed in Amazonia and Brazil, is very localized,
frequenting exclusively the “campos” districts. First record from the Rio Madeira.

60. Hemithraupis flavicollis centralis (Hellm.).

[Nemosia flavicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxii. p. 491 (1818,—“ P Amérique méridionale ”).]
Nemosia flavicollis centralis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 350 (1907 —Humaytha, Rio Madeira).
N, flavicollis (nec Vieillot) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii, 1869, p. 215 (Engenho do Gama).

No. 886. ¢ ad., Calama, 30. iii. 1908. “Iris brown, feet grey, bill bluish grey,
below paler.”— Wing 65 ; tail 52; bill 13 mm.

On his first expedition to the Rio Madeira, in 1906, Mr. Hoffmanns obtained
an adult male, the type, at Humaytha, left bank. In the male sex, /1. J,
centralis differs at a glance from all the other races of the flavicollis group by
the deep velvety black coloration of the upper parts. The female may be dis-
tinguished by its darker, dull olive upper parts, and rather brighter yellow belly.
In size and in the large, rather strong bill it resembles the female of H. ee
‘melanoxantha.

A review of the various geographic races is given in Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 350-53,
Hi f. centralis inhabits the basin of the Madeira and its tributaries.

61. Thlypopsis sordida amazonum Scl. (?).

[Nemosia sordida Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av, i.in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 28 (1837.—Yuracares,
rep. Boliviana—type examined ; cf, Nov. Zool. xiii. pp. 310-11).]

Thlypopsis amazonum Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xi, p. 229 (1886.—Lower Ucayali, East Peru),

Nemosia fulvescens Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, iii, 1869. p, 215 (pt, ; Rio Madeira). *

No. 901. d fere ad., Maruins, 3. vi. 1908. “Iris dark greyish brown, feet
plumbeons, bill blackish, below grey.”—Wing 64; tail 51 ; bill 114 mm.
This specimen differs from an adult male in Count Berlepsch’s collection

* Erroneously included among the localities of WV. s. sordida in Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 311.—Natterer’s
specimen is no longer in the Vienna Museum.

( 279.)

(La Merced, Chanchamayo ; Kalinowski leg.) by its much smaller size, shorter as
well as deeper bill, and by having the sides slightly more brownish grey, less
purely cinereous. From WN, s. sordida the Maruins bird may be distinguished by
the dull brownish grey (instead of deep buff or ochraceons buff) sides and flanks,
white (not deep buff) under tail-coverts, more olive-grey (less greenish) upper
parts, etc.

Additional material is required to establish the status of the Madeira form.

62, Arremon silens (Bodd.).
Tanagra silens Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 46 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 742 : Cayenne).

No. 790. ¢ juv., Allianca, 16. xi. 1907.—Wing 72; tail 59 ; bill 13 mm.

No. 579. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 21. ix. 1907.—Wing 71; tail 56 ; bill 134 mm.
“Tris brown, feet yellowish grey (light grey), bill black.”

Agreeing, in size and coloration, with Pard examples.

63. Saltator maximus (P. L. 8. Miill.).

Tanagra maxima P.L. 8. Miller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 159 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 205:
Cayenne).

Saltator magnus auct,
No. 707. ? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 16. x. 1907.
“ Tris brown, feet grey, bill black.”

; 64. Saltator coerulescens azarae D’Orb. =
[Saltator coerulescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xiv. p. 105 (1817.—ex Azara, no. 81: Paraguay). }
Saltator Azarae D’Orbigny, Voyage Amér. mérid., Oiseaux, p. 287 (betw. 1838 and 1847, part. :

Moxos, Eastern Bolivia ; cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. 314-5); Pelzeln, Zur Orn.

Bras. iii. 1869, p. 219 (part. : Borba).

No. 1071. ? ad., Calama, 10, ix. 1908. “ Iris brown, feet grey, bill black.”—
Wing 99; tail 88; bill 184 mm.

Agrees with Peruvian specimens. The upper parts and sides of the head are
very dark slate-grey, the outer webs of the remiges scarcely paler; the foreneck
and breast dingy cinereous, passing into buff in the middle of the abdomen; the
lower tail-coverts deep ochraceous.

S. c. azarae inhabits North-Eastern Bolivia (Moxos), Brazilian Amazonia
from the Madeira Valley westwards, Pern, Eastern Ecuador, etc. Farther to the
south, on the Rio Guaporé (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), etc., the typical race,
S. c. coerulescens, is met with ; while in North-Eastern Brazil (Marajé, Mexiana,
Amapa) another close ally, S. c. mutus Scl., takes its place. . Cf. Nov. Zool. xiii,
pp. 314-15.

[65. Schistochlamys atra (Gm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha),

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Widely distributed in South America. ]

66. Pitylus grossus (Linn.).
Loxia grossa Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, xii. 1. p. 307 (1766.—“ America”: ex Brisson ; we substitute
Cayenne as type locality).
Pitylus grossus Pelzeln, J.c. p. 220 (Borba).
Nos. 75, 337. dd ad., Calama, 19. vi., 5. viii. 1907. “Iris brownish, feet
black, bill bright red.” —Wing 98, 96 ; tail 90 mm,

( 280 )

Nos. 145, 338. $, juv., Calama, 1. vii., 5. viii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet
black, bill light. red.”

(67. Pitylus canadensis canadensis (Linn.).

Loxia canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, xii. 1. p. 304 (1766.—ex Brisson ; “ Canada,” errore! We
substitute Cayenne as type locality).
Pitylus cayanensis Pelzeln, J.c. p. 221 (Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

The range of this form extends, in the east, to Pard, and to the north as far
as Cayenne, British Guiana, and Marabitanas (apper Rio Negro). In North-East
Brazil (Pernambuco) it is represented by P. c. frontalis Hellm.,* in South-Eastern
Brazil (from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro) by P. c. brasiliensis (Cab.).f]

[68. Cyanocompsa rothschildii (Bartl.).

Guiraca rothschildii E, Bartlett, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vi. p. 168 (1890.—R. Carimang, British

Guiana) ; cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 277 (crit.).

G. cyanoides (nec Lifresnaye) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. p. 222 (Salto Girao, Borba),
G. cyanea Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. Mus. xii. p. 71 (part. : specimens s—a!, e!—i!),

Rio Madeira: Salto Girao, Borba (Natterer).

Natterer’s specimens from the Rio Madeira, as well as those obtained near
Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, and at Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro, agree
perfectly with typical Guianan birds. All records of C. cyanea from Amazonia and
the Guianas refer to the present species, which is the only one found in those
regions. I have examined examples from Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Para, Orinoco
(Munduapo, Caura), Teffé, North Peru (Samiria, Nauta, etc.), Rio Negro, Rio
Madeira, etc. C. cyanea (Linn.) is restricted to Eastern Brazil, south of
Pernambuco. |

69. Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris Berl.
[Lowia angolensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1, p. 303 (1766.—ex Edwards: “ Angola”—errore! We
substitute East Brazil as type locality). }
Oryzoborus angolensis brevirostris Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. p. 119 (1908.—Cayenne).

Nos. 643, 669, 695. 33 ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 10, 14. x. 1907. “Iris
brown, feet and bill black.”—Wing 59; tail 55, 56 mm.

The specimens agree with others from Cayenne, Trinidad, and Eastern Ecuador
(Napo). East Brazilian skins (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro) have larger, stouter bills,
the lower parts of a clearer chestnut, and the alar speculam rather more extended.

70. Sporophila lineola (Linn.).

Lozia lineola Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1. p. 304 (1766.—“ Asia” —errore !

: We substitute Surinam
as type locality ; cf. Nov. Zool. ix. p. 26).

Nos. 737, 738. oo ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907, « Iris, feet, and bill black.’- -
Wing 60; tail 47; bill 8 mm.

Both with a broad white stripe along the middle of the forehead and crown,
and with the under parts pure white, without trace of blackish cross-lines.

* Nov. Zool, xiii. p. 277 (1905.—Sao Loureng¢o, Pernambuco),
+ Caryothraustes brasiliensis Cabanis, Mus, Hein. i. p, 144 (1851.— Bahia).

( 281 )

71. Sporophila castaneiventris Cab.

Sporophila castaneiventris Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. p. 679 (1848.—Cumaka,
coast of Brit. Guiana) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Spermophila castaneiventris Pelzeln, l.c. p. 225 (Borba).
No. 833. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 19. xii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black.”—
Wing 50; tail 42; bill 8 mm.
Perfectly identical with specimens from French Guiana, collected by Monsieur
Le Moult, in the Munich Museum.

[72. Volatinia jacarina jacarina (Linn.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). |

(73. Myospiza manimbe (Licht.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 353 (Humaytha),

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The single male, obtained on Mr. Hoffmann’s first journey, agrees well with
Bahia skins. ]

74, Myospiza aurifrons (Spix).

Tanagra aurifrons Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 38. pl. 1. fig. 2 (1825.—“in provincia Bahia ”’—errore !
We substitute Fontebou, Rio Solimoéns); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Akad. Wissensch, Miinchen,
vol. xxii, 3, 1906. p. 673 (crit.). ae

Coturniculus peruanus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 230 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Widely distributed in Amazonia. M. aurifrons is evidently specifically distinct
from the preceding form. ]

(75. Paroaria gularis gularis (Linn.). :
Tanagra gularis Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii. 1. p. 316 (1766.—ex Brisson : “ America” ; we fix Cayenne
as type locality).
Paroaria gularis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 228 (part. : Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

Natterer’s examples, for the loan of which I am indebted to Dr. Lorenz, of
Vienna, agree well with others from Cayenne and Lower Amazonia ; perhaps they
have not quite so much black round the eye.

Farther south, on the Rio Guaporé (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), it is replaced
by P. g. cervicalis-Scl.,* which extends into Eastern Bolivia (Mojos, etc.).. Cf.
Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 10.]

76. Ostinops viridis (P. L. 8. Miill.).

Oriolus viridis P, L. 8, Miller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 87 (1776,—based on D*Aubenton,
Pl. en]. 328: Cayenne).
Ostinops viridis Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 192 (Borba).
Nos. 309, 570, 587. odo ad., Calama, 31. vii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 18, 24. ix.
1907. “Iris light blue, feet black, bill light yellowish green, apical half bright
red.” — Wing 250—265 ; tail 180—190 ; bill 63—67 mm.

* Paroaria cervicalis Sclater, Cat, Coll. Amer, Birds, p. 108 (1862. —Bolivia).

( 282 )

No. 287. ($) Calama, 29. vii. 1907. “ Iris grey-brown, bill pale grey, apical
half yellowish red.”—Wing 210 ; tail 145 ; bill 58 mm.
The specimens agree well with others from Cayenne and Eastern Ecuador.

: 77. Gymnostinops yuracares (Lafr. & D’Orb.).
Cassicus yuracares Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. ii. in Mag. Zool. cl, ii. p. 2 (1838.—Yuracares,
rep. Boliviana).
Nos. 967, 968, 986, 987. do ad., Maruins, 3, 9. vii. 1908.—Wing 255—273;
tail 195—210 ; bill 74—77 mm.
Nos. 965, 969. 2, Maruins, 30. vi., 3. vii. 1908.—Wing 205; tail 162, 167;
bill 56, 57 mm.
“Tris brown, feet black, bill black, tip clear red or yellowish red; bare space
at base of lower mandible greyish pink or flesh-colour.”
Specimens from the Rio Napo (Eastern Kcuador) in the Munich Museum are
of a rather more yellowish tinge on the head, mantle, and throat.

78. Cacicus cela cela (Linn.). :
Parus Cela Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 191 (1758.—“ in Indiis,” errore! We substitute Surinam ;
ef. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 20).
Cassicus persicus Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 193 (Borba).

Nos. 502,—. $d ad., Calama, 1. ix. 1907; Marmellos (left bank), 21. xii, 1907.—
Wing 157, 160; tail 108, 110 ; bill 36 mm.

Nos. 412, 736. ? ? ad., Calama, 17. vili., 30. x. 1907.—Wing 126, 122; tail
91, 85; bill 30 mm.

No. 411. Juv., Calama, 17. viii. 1907.

“ Tris light blue, feet black, bill yellowish green.”

The adult birds agree, in colour and size, with others from Cayenne,
Venezuela, ete.

_ [79. Cacicus haemorrhous (Linn.) subsp.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 354 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

Unfortunately Mr. Hoffmanns did not obtain additional specimens on his
second journey, and I am, consequently, still in doubt about its proper identification.
The single adult male is much larger than either (. haemorrhous or C. pachyrhynchus
Berl.*]

[80. Dolichonyx oryzivora (Linn.).

Emberiza Oryzivora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, t. p: 311 (1766.—ex Catesby, Edwards, Brisson :
Cuba, etc.).
Dolichonyz oryzivorus Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 199 (Rio Madeira).

This North American migrant was secured by Natterer in November 1829, on
the banks of the Rio Madeira. ]

[81. Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gm.).

Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p, 898 (1789.—based on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 710:
Bonaria),

Molothrus sericeus Pelzeln, I.c. p. 200 (Borba). —
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The single adult male taken by Natterer, March 11 » 1830, agrees in every
Journ, f. Ornith, 1889. p, 299 (type ex Tarapoto, Northern Peru).

( 283 )

respect with South Brazilian examples. The wing measures 112, the tail 89}, the
bill 194 mm. From M. 6. atronitens Cab. (ex Para, Guiana, Orinoco delta, etc.) it
differs by its much larger size and stronger as well as longer bill; from
M. b. venezuelensis Stone by its stouter bill and decidedly purple (not steel-blue)
coloration.

Cf. Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. IT. Cl. vol. xxii, 3, 1906. pp. 613-4. ]

82, Lampropsar tanagrinus tanagrinus (Spix).

Teterus tanagrinus Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 67. pl. Lxiv, fig. 1 (1824.—* in locis sylvaticis Parae”).
Lampropsar tanagrinus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 200 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 354 (Humaytha,

Borba).

No. 1065. Immature, Manicoré, 24. viii. 1908. “Iris dark brown, feet and
bill black.” —Wing 100 ; tail 97 ; bill 19 mm.
Agrees with Spix’s types, but somewhat less glossy. Cf. my remarks in
Abhandl. Bayer. Ahad. Wissensch. II. Cl. xxii. 3. pp. 615-6.

Farther to the south, on the Guaporé, the typical form is replaced by
L. t. violaceus Hellm. (cf. L.c.).

83. Leistes militaris (Lino.).

Emberiza militaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 178 (1758.—* in America, Asia ”—as type locality fixed

Surinam ; ef, Nov, Zool. xiii. p. 21).
Leistes erythrothorax Pelzeln, l.c. pp. 197, 326 (Rio Madeira, Borba).

No. 914. ¢& ad., Maruins, 7. vi. 1908.—Wing 99; tail 66; bill 224 mm.

No. 855. ¢ juv., Marmellos, 23. xii. 1907.

No. —. ¢ ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto— Wing 97; tail 64 ; bill 212 mm.

Nos. —, 836. ?2, S. Isabel, Sta. Maria de Marmellos, 20. xii. 1907.—Wing
87, 88; tail 57, 60; bill 20 mm. ;

“Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

The specimens agree with others from Cayenne, Surinam, and Panama. The
pill is nearly black in the adult males, brown in the immature male and females.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 10-11.

— [84. Cyanocorax chrysops diesingii Pelz.
[ Pica chrysops Vieillot, Nowv. Dict. xxvi. p. 124 (1818.—ex Azara : Paraguay).]
Cyanocorax Diesingii Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. W: issensch. Wien (math.-naturwiss. Cl.) xx, 1, p. 164
(1856.—“ Borba in Brasilia ’’) ; Pelzeln, Le. iii. p. 189 (Borba).
Right bank : campos of Borba (Natterer).
The types, an adult male and a young female, are still the only specimens known
of this well-marked form. I am greatly indebted to my friend Dr. von Lorenz,
of Vienna, for the loan of these valuable objects. Compared with a good series of
C. ¢. chrysops from Paraguay and Southern Brazil (S. Paulo), the adult bird differs in
many important particulars. The feathers of the pileam are somewhat stiffer and
much more elongated, the longest measuring fully 20 mm., so as to form a very distinct,
erect crest; the wings are longer; the bill decidedly shorter; the yellowish white
apical portion of the rectrices conspicuously shorter. The blue spots on the sides of
the head are much more restricted ; the supra-ocular spot is much smaller and
uniform lilac-blue (not mixed with sky-blue), and in the malar region there is only
a narrow streak of pale lilac-blue, while in C. ¢. chrysops the whole of the cheeks

Pi

( 284 )

and malar region is deep violet. The occiput and nape are uniform whitish blne.
C. c. chrysops has the former only of that colour, which passes into bright violet on
the hindneck. Theadult male shows the following dimensions : wing 167; tail 163;
bill 263 mm.; whereas nine adult birds of C. c. chrysops measure: wing 150—160;
tail 160—170 ; bill 29—33 mm.]

85. Ochthornis littoralis (Pelz.).

Elainea littoralis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, pp. 108, 180 (1868.—Cachoeira de Guajara4guagu and
Bananeira, on the Mamoré ; Borba, Rio Madeira).

No. 806. d ad., Allianca, 29. xi. 1907.—Wing 74 ; tail (in moult); bill 13mm.

No. 104. ¢ ad. (worn plumage), Calama, 25. vi. 1907.—Wing 69; tail 58 ;
bill 12 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

Specimens from the Caura Valley in the Munich Museum differ by their more
sandy (less greyish) back, darker pileam, and slightly more yellowish (less greyish)
under parts, but others from the same region in the Tring Museum are scarcely
distinguishable from the typical Madeira birds.

In O. Littoralis there is a marked difference in size between the sexes, the males
being considerably larger.

Five adult males (Rio Madeira and Caura). Wing 73—75; tail 58—60} mm.

Seven females “ a . ee » 66—70; ,, 54-58 ,,

86. Fluvicola albiventer (Spix).

Muscicapa albiventer Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 21. p), xxx. fig. 1 (1825.—“in campis Brasiliae” :
part. ¢)

No. 111. Juv. (not sexed), Calama, 26. vi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill
black.”— Wing 64; tail 47; bill 14 mm.

Agrees with one of Spix’s typical specimens in the Munich Museum, but is
rather more blackish above, and has brownish white apical margins to the greater
upper wing-coverts. The scapulars are blackish brown like the back ; the ramp is
crossed by a narrow white band ; the rectrices are uniform blackish without white
apical edges, which are always well defined in the allied F. pica (Bodd.).

F, albiventer has a wide range in Brazil, Argentine, etc.

87. Knipolegus pusillus Scl. & Salvy.

Cnipolegus pusillus Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop, p. 158 (1873.—Amazonia inf., exact
__ locality not known).

No. 551. 3 ad., Jamarysinho, R. Machados, 14. ix. 1907. “Iris dark brown,
feet black, bill plumbeous.”—Wing 59 ; tail 51; bill 12 mm. (Tring Museum.)

- Agrees with an example from Perico, Upper Orinoco (Cherrie coll.), which [
had previously compared with the type in the British Museum. The small size and
glossy black plumage together with the narrow, acuminate, three outer primaries
distinguish this species among its congeners, It bears a striking likeness to
NXenopipo atronitens, but on closer examination the two birds are seen to be quite
distinct. K. pusillus has shorter wings, a much larger, differently coloured bill,
numerous strong rictal bristles, ete. :

The type, obtained by Wallace, remained unique until Cherrie obtained two

( 285 )

specimens near Perico, on the Orinoco.* Quite recently Miss Snethlage shot a male
at Alcobaca, on the left bank of the Tocantins,t this being the first ascertained
locality within Brazilian limits.

[88. Knipolegus sclateri Hellm.

Knipolegus sclateri Hellmayr, Nov, Zool, xiii, p: 318 (1905.—Rio Madeira).
Cnipolegus unicolor (nec Kaup) Pelzela, /.c. p. 99 (Rio Madeira).

The type was obtained by Natterer, Novembar 18, 1829, on the Rio Madeira
between Crato and Sapucaiarocca, but on which side of the river is not stated on the
label. Pelzeln (/.c. note 1) also describes the female, which would appear to be
very different from that of K. orenocensis Berl., the nearest ally of K. sclater?.
Unfortunately it is no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum. |

89. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis Scl. & Salv.

Muscisavicola fluviatilis Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1866. p. 187 (1866.—“ in ripis fl.
Ueayali inf.,” East Peru). ;

No. 919, ¢ ad., Marains, Rio Machados, 9. vi. 1908. “ Iris brown, feet black,
bill blackish brown.” —Wing 77; tail 52; bill 132 mm. (Manich Maseum.)

[Vienna Museum: ? ad., Rio Madeira (below Crato), 14. xi. 1829 (Natterer
coll.).—Wing 77; tail 51; bill 144 mm.]

The two birds have the rufescent edges to the upper wing-coverts rather
narrower, and the throat and chest more strongly washed with brownish buff, than
Peruvian examples with which they otherwise agree. These slight differences may
be seasonal or individual.

This is the first published record of M. fluviatilis from Brazil. Natterer had
obtained, as long ago as 1829, a single female on the banks of the Rio Madeira, one
day’s journey below Crato, but the species was accidentally omitted in Pelzeln’s work.

90. Platyrinchus senex nattereri Hart. & Hellm.

[Platyrhynchus senex Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. London, 1880. p. 156 (1880.—-Sarayagu, Eastern
Ecuador). ]
Platyrhynchus nattereri Hartert & Hellmayr, Bull. B. O. C. xii, p. 63 (April 1902.—Salto do Girao,
_ Rio Madeira).
P. rostratus (not of Latham) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith Bras. ii. 1868. p. 100 (part, : Salto do Girao).

No. 892. (d) ad., Maruins, 31. v. 1908. “ Iris dark brown, feet clear greyish
brown, bill black, below pale grey.” —Wing 66 ; tail 36; bill 11 mm.

No. 281. ¢imm., Calama, 28. vii. 1907. “Iris dark brown, feet whitish
yellow, bill black, below grey.”—Wing 64; tail 344 ; bill 11 mm.

[Mus. Vindob. No. 17680, “2?” imm. Salto do Girao, R. Madeira, 4. xi. 1829
(J. Natterer coll.). Type of P. natterert Hart. & Hellm.—Wing 59 ; tail 30};
bill 11 mm.} |

The specimens procured by Mr. Hoffmanns tend to show that most of the
characters given in the original description are not constant. The type of
P. nattereri is an immature bird, as I satisfied myself by careful re-examination.

The adult male (No. 892) has the top and sides of the head of the same deep

slate-grey as a series of P. griseiceps from British Guiana, Surinam, and the Caura

* Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov, Zool. ix. 1902. p. 36.
¢ Journ. f. Ornith, 1908, p. 525,

( 286 )

Valley, Venezuela, and the throat pure white like adult birds of the form just
mentioned. There is, however, one character which serves to distingaish readily
the Madeira form from P. s. griseiceps, that is, the mach paler and clearer, greenish
olive-brown (instead of rufescent or deep russet-brown) colour of the back. The
immature birds, the type from Salto do Girao and the 3 from Calama, differ by
having the throat and lores washed with pale sulphur-yellowish, the cap much
paler slate-grey, tinged with olivaceous, the sides of the head clear olive-grey, the
back decidedly lighter brown, and the belly paler ochraceous. The greater upper
wing-coverts and the quills show narrow, rufescent apical margins.

The following condensed review of the geographical races of the P. senex
group may be useful to students of the neotropical ornis.

(a) Platyrinchus senex senex Scl. & Salv.

Platyrhynchus senex Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. 1880, p. 156 (Sarayagu, Eastern
Ecuador) ; Taczanowski, P. Z. S. Lond. 1882. p. 18 (Yurimaguas, N. Peru ; descr, 9 ad.) ;
idem, Orn. Pérou ii, 1884, p. 224 (Yurimaguas) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xiv. 1888. p. 65
(Sarayacu ; Chamicuros, N. Peru).

Hab. Eastern Ecuador: Sarayacu (Buckley), North Peru: Yurimaguas

(Stolzmann), Chamicuros (Mus. Brit.).

Type locality : Sarayacu, Eastern Ecuador.

Specimens examined :
Wing. Tail. Bill.

1. Mas. Brit. Adult (not sexed), Sarayacu .| Typesof 62 32 12 mm.
LS 4 eee ¥ .) species 65 33 123 ,,
°° OS", ee ==» emmacures 68 37 ins

Adult. Top of the head slaty blackish with a half-concealed white coronal
patch; back deep rafescent brown ;* sides of the head very dark slate-grey.
Throat white, rest of under surface deep ochraceous.

Obs. From the scanty material at hand it is difficult to say whether this form is
really distinct from P. s. griseiceps. Nos. 2 and 3 have the cap decidedly darker,
more blackish, than any specimens of the latter race, but No. 1 approaches it very
closely in that respect. Other differences do not exist, for the colour of the back
and belly, upon which Salvin, when describing P. griseiceps, laid much stress,
proves to be variable. None of the specimens seen by me being sexed, I cannot
say whether the sexes are alike or not, bat probably the female has less white on
the crown as is the case in the allied forms.

(6) Platyrinchus senex griserceps Salv.

Platyrhynchus griseiceps Salvin, Bull. B. O. C. no. xlviii. p. xv. (Nov. 1897.—“ Aunai,t British

---QGuiana”); Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 37 (Caura, Venezuela).

P-rostatus (nec Latham) Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 100 (part. : Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco).

P. senex (nec Sclater & Salvin) Hartert & Hellmayr, Bull, B. 0. C. xii, 1902. p. 64 (Serra
Carauman).

Had. British Guiana : Ourumee (H. Whitely, jun.). Surinam: near Paramaribo
(Chunkoo). N.E. Brazil: Serra Carauman, on the Rio Branco (Natterer). East
Venezuela, Caura Valley : Suapure (Klages), Nicare, La Pricion (E, André),

* The term “ yellowish olive” used by Dr. Sclater (.c. p. 65) is altogether misleading.
+ This is a mistake, the type being from Ourumee,

( 287 )

Type locality : Ourumee, British Guiana.
Specimens examined :

Wing. Tail. Bill
1. Mus. Brit. gd ad., Ourumee, Oct. 31, 1890.
Type of species . ; : : , . 63 30 124. mm.
2, Mus. Brit. ¢ ad., Onrumee, Oct. 9, 1890 . 65 35 13
3. Mus. Brit. ? ad., Ourumee, Oct. 31,1890 . 59 304 13 a
4. Mus. Tring. ¢ ad., Ourumee, Sept. 29,1890 . 58 30 12 a
5-9. Mus. Tring. ¢ddad., Surinam. : . 60—65 30—35 12—13 ,,
10. Mas. Tring. 3 imm., Surinam : : . 64} 32 13 es
11,12. Mus. Tring. ?? ad., Sarinam . fetal 32,34 12 i
13-16. Mus. Tring. 6d imm., Caura Valley, Venez. 613—64 33—36 12—18 ,,
17. Mus. Monac. ¢ad., Caura Valley, Venez. . 63 37 12 ‘“
18, Mus. Vindob. dad, Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco, June 7, 1832 . ‘ , . . 65 344 12 is

Adult. Top of the head lighter than in P. s. senex, slate-grey, sides of the head
also averaging paler grey. Males with a large white coronal patch, females without
or with very little white. Back clear rafescent or russet-brown,

Obs. Nos. 1, 3, and 4 have the abdomen distinctly paler, sulphur-yellow, than
the rest of the belly, which is bright ochraceous, while in a series from Venezuela
and in the bird from the Rio Branco all the under surface (except the white throat)
is uniform deep ochraceous (like P. s. senex). As, however, No. 2 (Ourumee) and
the examples from Sarinam agree with the Venezuelan ones, this slight difference
must be purely individaal. Notwithstanding our former affirmation (Bull. B. O. C.
xii. p. 64), Natterer’s male from the Rio Branco undoubtedly belongs to P. s.
griseiceps ; it is perfectly identical with some of the Caura specimens.

The colour of the back is rather variable in my series. Some examples (e.g.
Nos. 1, 3, etc.) are indeed lighter than P. s. senex, but others (Nos. 4, 13-15)
match them exactly, and No. 17 (Caura) is even darker and more rafescent brown.

(c) Platyrinchus senex nattereri Hart. & Hellm.

Hab. Central Brazil, Rio Madeira, east bank: Salto do Girao (Natterer),
Calama (Hoffmanns), Maruins on the Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).

Type locality: Salto do Girao.

Specimens examined : vide supra.

Adult. Similar to P. s. griseiceps in having the head slate-grey, but differing
by the much paler, greenish olive-brown colour of the back.

91. Platyrinchus coronatus coronatus Scl.

Platyrhynchus coronatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxvi. 1858. p. 71 (1858.—Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador).
P. c. coronatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, 1907. p. 354 (Humaytha, Paraiso).

Nos. 46, 161, 304, 456. dd ad, Calama, 16. vi., 3, 30. vii, 26. viii. 1907.
“Tris brown, feet grey, bill black, below grey.”"—Wing 55—58} ; tail 25—28 ; bill
12 mm.

No, 5. ? ad., Calama, 8. vi. 1907. Soft parts as above.—Wing 54; tail 24;
bill 114 mm.

Nos. 898, 924. ¢dad., Marnins, 2, 12. vi. 1908.— Wing 54, 58 ; tail 25, 27 ;
bill.113 mm. ;

No, 891. ¢ imm., Maruins, 31. v. 1908.— Wing 54 ; tail 24; bill 11 mm,

( 288 )

The series fully corroborates what I have said about the distinguishing
characters of P. c. coronatus and P. c. superciliaris. In addition to the differ-
ences mentioned J.c., the rufescent brown edges to the rectrices are another point
that will serve to recognize the former race. The adult males have a large golden
yellow coronal patch bordered laterally by a broad tawny stripe, whereas in the
female and young male the whole pileum is tawny ochraceous. Cheeks and under
parts are always maize-yellow, with a buffy brown wash on chest and sides.

92. Todirostrum maculatum signatum Scl. & Salv.

[ Todus maculatus Desmarest, Hist. Nat. Tangaras, ete., pl. 70 (1805.—“ Guiane,” se, Cayenne). ]
Todirostrum signatum Sclater & Salvin, /bis 1881. p, 267 (1881.—N.E, Peru).

Nos, 102, 147. Adult, juv., Calama, 24. vi., 2. vii. 1907.—Wing 45, 434 ; tail
35, 32; bill 14, 12 mm.

No. 848. dad, Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.—Wing 47 ; tail 35 ; bill 14 mm.

_ “Tris yellow (brown in No. 147, juv.), feet plumbeous, bill black, below
grey.”

The adult birds agree perfectly with several topotypical specimens from North-
Eastern Pern (Nauta). A series from the Rio Napo (Wiener coll., Paris Museum),
the examples obtained by Natterer on the Rio Negro and Rio Branco,* as well as
skins from Teffé, Rio Jurnd, and Itaittiba, west bank of Tapajéz, belong likewise.
to the same race. All of these many specimens differ from a good series of true
T. m. maculatum, from Cayenne, Surinam, and British Guiana, by having the
feathers of the forehead and vertex clear slate-grey with small dusky discs, and
mostly with narrow white lateral edges; while in the typical form, the front
and forepart of the crown are distinctly black, with the white edges more
pronounced,

T. m. signatum has & much wider range than was hitherto supposed. In
fact all the specimens I have seen except the Guianan ones proved to belong to
this race. I have examined examples from the following localities : Nauta (4),
Iguitos (1), Rio Napo (5), Teffé (1), Rio Madeira (3), Itaitiba (1),+ Rio Jurné (1) ;
Rio Negro: Barcellos (4), Carvoeiro (3), Forte do Rio Branco (1).

T. m. maculatum (Desm.) is evidently confined to the coast district of Cayenne,
Sorinam, and British Guiana (Bartica Grove). It may, however, be that the birds
from Para, Mexiana, Tocantins, and Santarem are also referable to the typical race,
but as yet I have not seen skins from any of these localities.

93. Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Strick].

Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Strickland in Contrib, to Ornith, 1850, Illustr. Ornith. p, 48. pl. (49).
fig. sup. (1850.—Peru).

No. 830, ¢ imm., Marmellos, 19. xii, 1907.“ Iris dark brown, feet plumbeous,
bill black, below dark grey.”— Wing 40} ; tail 30; bill 124 mm.

Identical with a Bolivian specimen, except that the hind-crown is slightly
washed with greenish olive, and the auricular patch blackish olive instead of deep
black, both apparent signs of immaturity.

New to the fauna of Brazil.

* 7. maculatwm Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii. p. 101.

T Miss Snethlage (Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 501) erroneously refers the Tapaj6z birds to 7, maculatum,
Cf, my remarks in Nov, Zool, xiv. 1907, p, 11.

( 289 )

T. illigeri Cab. & Heine,* synonymized with T. chrysocrotaphum by Dr. Sclater,
is evidently quite a good form, differing by its white throat and by the possession
of a distinct black moustachial stripe. I have examined the type in the Berlin
Museum.

[94. Todirostrum senex (Pelz.).
Euscarthmus senex Pelzeln, Zur Ornith, Bras, ii. p. 173 (1869.—Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

The type specimen, an adult male, obtained by Natterer in Jane 1830, is still
unique in the Vienna Museum. Thanks to the kindness of Dr. von Lorenz, I have
been enabled to examine it, and have come to the conclusion that it is more cor-
rectly placed in the genus Todirostrum. The bill has very nearly the same shape as
that of 7. fumifrons Hartl., but is somewhat shorter. In the species of Kuscarthmus,
on the other hand, the bill is much longer, as well as strongly attenuated for its
terminal portion, In coloration, 7. senex is perhaps nearest to T. schistaceiceps,—
presents, however, many points of distinction. The back is much darker and duller
green (instead of bright yellowish green) ; the markings of the wing-coverts and
inner secondaries are much paler, whitish yellow (not deep olive-yellow); the
cheeks, ocular and auricular regions clear isabelle (instead of dark slate-grey) ; the
throat and foreneck white with distinct, thongh narrow, brownish shaft-streaks ;
on the top of the head the slate-grey is confined to the forehead and occiput,
while the hind-crown and nape are green like the back, etc., ete. Moreover, the
bill and tail are much shorter.

The type measures : wing 48; tail 34; bill 12 mm.]

(95. Todirostrum latirostre (Pelz.).

Euscarthmus latirostris Pelzeln, Zur Ora. Bras. ii. p. 173 (1868.—Borba) ; cf, Hellmayr, Nov. Zool.
-xiv. p. 47 (crit.).
Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Rather widely distributed in Upper
Amazonia. |

96, Euscarthmus striaticollis striaticollis (Lafr.).

Todirostrum striaticolle Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2). v. p. 58 (1853.—Bahia).
Euscarthmus striaticollis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 101 (Mattogrosso, Rio Guaporé),

Nos. 641, 683. 3 (?) 2 ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 11. x. 1907.—Wing 503,
49 ; tail —; bill 13 mm.

“ Tris yellow, feet brown, bill black.”

Agrees with the Araguaya specimen (Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 42) in the dull
green colour of the upper parts, and in having only the anterior part of the pileum
mouse-brown, but the belly is clearer yellow with barely any greenish shade on
the chest.

This is not the first record of the species from Amazonia, for Chapman t+ has
already listed. a specimen from Santarem. Count Berlepsch possesses a skin
obtained by Dr. Hahnel on the Lower Amazons, but the exact locality is not
indicated.

E, striaticollis, E. iohannis, and E. zosterops form a natural group, repre-

* Mus. Heinean. ii. p, 49 (1859,—“ Para,” type in Berlin Museum, No, 2869).

+ Auk, 1890, p. 270.
19

( 290 )

senting each other geographically. In structural details—shape of the nostrils,
wing-formula, and form of the tail—they are practically identical, and differ only
in slight colour characters.

(a) E. striaticollis striaticollis (Lafr.).

Central and Bastern Brazil: Bahia (many specimens in various collections
examined) ; Goyaz : Rio Araguaya (Natterer, Baer); Mattogrosso: Chapada (Smith),
Villa Maria, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso (Natterer); 8. Isabel, Rio Madeira
(Hoffmanns) ; Santarem, Rio Tapajéz (Smith).

Characters. Crown, at least anterior part, mouse-brown, more or less contrasting
with the green of the back. Nasal feathers and lores white. Cheeks and ear-
coverts pale brown. Throat white and, like the chest, very distinctly streaked with
blackish ; breast and abdomen bright yellow, flanks and sometimes chest also
shaded with greenish. Upper wing-coverts dusky edged with the colour of the
back. Wing: dd 53—55, ? ? 48—50; tail: dd 44—45, ? ¢ 37—40 mm.

Examined. 1 8 ad., Villa Bella de Mattogrosso ; 2 dd ad., Rio Araguaya,
Goyaz; 14,1, 8. Isabel, Rio Madeira ; 9 ad. and juv., Bahia ; 1(?) ad., Lower
Amazons (Hahnel).

(6) E. striaticollis iohannis Snethlage.

Euscarthmus iohannis Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 193 (1907,—Monte Verde, Rio Puriis).
E. zosterops (nec Pelzeln) Snethlage, Journ, f. Orn. 1908. p. 12 (Monte Verde, Rio Puris).

Hab. W. Brazil: Monte Verde, on the Rio Puris.

Characters. Differs from the preceding form by its rusty buff (not white) lores
and eyelid, paler brown legs, and by having the whole pileam (from the forehead
to the nape) uniform green like the back. The edges to the upper wing-coverts
are slightly more yellowish green, the axillaries deeper yellow than in EL. s.
striaticollis. Under parts exactly as in the latter: throat white with conspicuous
blackish streaks, breast and abdomen bright yellow, chest slightly washed with
greenish.

Type of species: Pari Museum, No. 3539. dad., Rio Puris (Monte Verde),
February 20, 1904.—Wing 55; tail 43; bill 12 mm.

N.B.—By mistake the type was recorded s.n. £. zosterops in Miss Snethlage’s
report on the Purts collections.

(c) E. striaticollis zosterops Pelz.

Euscarthmus zosterops Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 173 (1868.—part. ; descr. et hab. Marabitanas ;

ef. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907 pp. 355-6) ; (?) Salvadori & Festa, Boll. Mus. Torino xiv. no. 362. p. 5
(1899.—Rio Santiago, Eastern Ecuador),

Hab, N.W. Brazil: Marabitanas and San Carlos,* upper Rio Negro (Natterer).
(?) Eastern Ecuador: Rio Santiago (Festa).

Characters. Upper parts much duller green than in £. s. striaticollis and
E. s. iohannis, frontal edge slightly mixed with ashy. Lores and eyelid dull white,
cheeks and ear-coverts ashy, faintly tinged with olive posteriorly. Median and
greater upper wing-coverts dusky, each feather with a well-defined, pale yellow
apical spot, forming two distinct wing-bands. Under parts pale, “ primrose-
yellow” (Ridgw., Nomencl. vi. fig. 13), chin nearly whitish; throat obsoletely

* San Carlos, though not mentioned on p. 173, is included among the localities given under the
heading of the species in the general list (p. 102 of Pelzeln’s work).

( 291 )
striated with pale greyish, chest faintly flammulated with the same. Axillaries
pale yellow.

Vienna Museum, No. 17738. ¢ ad., Marabitanas, March 13, 1831. Type of
species.—Wing 52; tail 48; bill 11 mm.

Vienna Musenm, No. 17739. 3 ad., Rio Negro, below S. Carlos, February 14,
3831.—Wing 51 ; tail 48; bill 12 mm.

N.B.—I have not seen specimens from Eastern Ecuador. In Pern a nearly
allied, but sufficiently distinct, form is met with. There are three examples of it
in the Paris Museum, obtained by Comte de Castelnau. It will shortly be described
in another connection.

97. Snethlagea minor (Snethlage).

Euscarthmus zosterops minor Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 193 (1907.—Arumatheua, R. Tocantins) ;
Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 525.

E. zosterops (nec Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, ii, 1868. p. 102 (part.: Borba); Hellmayr, Nov.
Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 355 (Borba) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 501 (Villa Braga, Tapajéz).

Nos. 269, 317. dad. d juv., Calama, 25. vii., 1. viii. 1907.— Wing 51, 52;
tail 394, 42; bill 10 mm.

No. 761. (?) Allianca, 8. xi. 1907—Wing 43; tail 35; bill 10} mm.

No. 902. dg ad., Maruins, 3. vi. 1908.—Wing 52; tail 39; bill 10} mm. (Mus-
Munich.)

[No. 1459. dad. Borba, 11. xii. 1906.—Wing 504; tail 38; bill 11 mm.
(E. zosterops apud Hellm., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 355).

No. 1334. 2 ad.; Borba, 14. xi. 1906. — Wing 46; tail 34; bill 11 mm.
(E. zosterops apud Hellm., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 359).

Vienna Museum, No. 17740. ¢ ad., Borba, 23. vi. 1880 (Natterer coll.).—
Wing 45; tail 33; bill 10 mm.

Pard Museum, No. 5401. d ad., Arumatheua, Tocantins, 26. iv. 1907 (Sneth-
lage coll.). Type of species—Wing 48 ; tail 41; bill 11 mm.

Para Museum, No. 5400. ¢ ad., Arumatheua, 25. iv. 1907.—Wing 43; tail 32 ;
bill 104 mm. ]

“Tris pale yellow, feet grey, bill blackish grey.”

Count Berlepsch has pointed out that the £. zosterops minor of Snethlage
is quite distinct from the trae EH. zosterops Pelz., and accordingly proposed the
new generic term Snethlagea for it.* Besides the above-mentioned specimens I
have examined, in the British Museum, the adult male from Borba, obtained by
Natterer February 12, 1830, and described by Mr. PL. Sclater s.n. E. zosterops,+
and found them all to belong to the present species. S. minor, though resembling
Euscarthmus zosterops in general coloration, differs by the singular shape of the
nostrils, which are very large, nearly circular, and quite exposed, and by the strongly
rounded tail, in which the central rectrices are lougest, being about 5 mm. longer
than the outermost. In E. zosterops, on the other hand, the nostrils are situated
in an operculate fossa, with the narrow, slit-like nasal opening near its lower edge ;
the tail is also strongly rounded, but at the same time distinctly emarginate, the
central rectrices being slightly shorter than the submedian ones.

Adult males of S. minor have the rictal bristles exceedingly well developed,
reaching nearly to the tip of the bill. In coloration the specimens from the

* Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1909. p. 104 (Type: Euscarthmus zosterops minor Snethl.).
¢ Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. 1888. p. 79 (Borba).

( 292 )

Rio Madeira agree perfectly with those from the Tocantins. The d ad. from
Marnins has the middle of the abdomen whitish, exactly like the type (No, 5401
Para Museum). Miss Snethlage (in litt.) informs me that the skin from Villa
Braga, recorded s.n. . zosterops, is likewise referable to S. minor.

S. minor is at yet only known from the Rio Madeira, Tapajéz, and Tocantins.

98. Orchilus ecaudatus (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

Todirostrum ecaudatum Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 47 (1837, —
Yuracares, Eastern Bolivia),
Orchilus ecaudatus Pelzeln, /.c. p. 102 (Salto do Girao).

Nos, 58, 315, 892. fd ad., Calama, 17. vi., 1, 15. viii, 1907,—Wing 33—34$ ;
tail 134—15 ; bill 9{—10 mm. |

No. 635, $ ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 7. x. 1907.—Wing 33; tail 13; bill
9 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet greyish yellow, bill black.”

This curious bird is widely distributed all over South America, east of the
Andes, from Trinidad and Venezuela down to Northern Bolivia.

[99. Stigmatura budytoides budytoides (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

Culicivora budytoides Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. cl. ii. p. 56 (1837.—Valle
Grande, Bolivia).
Stigmatura budytoides Pelzeln, I.c. p. 104 (Barra do Rio Jamary, Rio Madeira).

Mouth of the Rio Jamary (Natterer).

Natterer’s specimens agree with others from Bolivia. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained
it also at Urucurittiba, left bank of the Tapajéz.*

In Argentine it is represented by the nearly allied S. budytoides flavocinerea

(Burm.).+]

100. Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus (Licht.).

Muscicapa oleaginea Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p- 55 (1823.—Bahia).
Mionectes oleagineus Pelzeln, I.c. p. 104 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha).

Nos. 144, 374, 457. 3d ad., Calama, 3. vii., 12, 26. viii. 1907.—Wing 60—63;
tail 49—504 ; bill 11 mm.

No. 143. ¢ ad., Calama, 1. vii. 1907.—Wing 57} ; tail 46; bill 103 mm.

No, 563. dimm., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.—Wing 64 ; tail 50; bill 11 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill grey or greyish brown.”

Identical with specimens from Bahia and Bogota collections.

[101. Tyrannulus elatus (Lath.).

Sylvia elata Latham, Ind, Ornith. ii. p. 549 (1790.—based on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 708, fig. 2:
Cayenne).

Tyrannulus elatus Pelzela, l.c. p. 106 (Borba).
Right bank: Borba (Natterer),
The specimens from Borba, as well as those from other Amazonian localities,

* Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 11.

+ Phylloscartes flavo-cinereus Burmeister, Reise La Plata Staat. ii. p. 455 (1861.—Mendoza, Sierra
de Uspallata).

( 293 )

are perfectly similar to Cayenne skins. Cf. my remarks in Adblandl. Bayer. Akad.
Wissensch. IT, Cl. vol. xxii. 3. pp. 640-41.
T. elatus is widely distributed in Amazonia. |

102. Tyranniscus gracilipes Scl. & Salv.

pene gracilipes Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zl. Soc. Lond. 1857, p. 981 (1868.—Pebas, N.E.
eru).

No. 658. dad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 9. x. 1907,—Wing 48; tail 42; bill
8? mm.

No. 638. ? imm., 8S. Isabel, 7. x. 1907—Wing 44 ; tail 37; bill 8 mm.

No. 1040. ? ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. 1908.—Wing 45 ; tail 38 ;
bill 8 mm.

“ Tris yellow, feet and bill black.”

The three skins are very uniform inter sz. The back is bright grass-green, the
bill large and somewhat blunt. An adult bird from Salinas, Beni, Eastern Bolivia, —
in the Tring Musenm, has the under parts, including the throat, of a mach deeper
olive-yellow, the ear-coverts brighter yellowish olive-green, and the bill decidedly
longer. A series from the Roraima Mts. (British Guiana) and the upper Rio
Negro (R. Icanna, Barcellos, Marabitanas)* differ from the preceding ones by their
much doller, olive-green back, and much narrower, slenderer bill. An apparently
immature female from Maipures (Orinoco R.), however, agrees perfectly with
Mr. Hoffmanns’ examples. The type from Pebas (in the British Museum) should
be re-examined in order to ascertain the exact application of the name gracilipes.

103. Elaenia flavogaster spectabilis Pelz.

[Pipra flavogaster Thunberg, Mém, Acad. St. Pétersbg. viii. p. 286 (1822.—Brazil ; cf. Lonnberg, Jbis
1903. p. 241).]
Elainea spectabilis Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras, ii. p. 176 (1868.—Goiaz +t) ; Berlepsch & Leverkiihn,

Ornis vi. 1890. p. 13 (Araguaya, Goiaz, Jaragua, Maria Rosa: state of Goyaz); Berlepsch,

Le.. xiv, 1907. p. 389.

No. 482. Adult, Calama, 29. viii. 1907. “Iris dark brown, feet and Dill
black.”—Wing 88; tail 77; bill 12} mm.

No. 441. Av. junior in moult, Calama, 23. viii. 1907. “Iris greyish brown,
feet black, bill grey.”—Bill 12 mm.

The adult bird (No. 482) agrees with Natterer’s type + in every respect, Both
have a little white at the extreme base of some of the crest feathers. It differs,
however, from the two specimens in the Vienna Museum and another adult g from
Araguaya, Goyaz, in Mus. Berlepsch by its rather lighter, more greenish upper
surface; this trifling variation is very likely individual. As correctly pointed
out by Berlepsch & Leverkithn, &. /. spectabilis may be readily distinguished
from E. f. flavogaster (= pagana auct.) by its much larger size and much stronger
as well as longer bill. In seven specimens (five from Goyaz, one each from
Calama and Barcellos, Rio Negro) the wing measures from 88 to 92, the tail
from 79 to 85 mm.

* « Myiopatis pusilla (?)” Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868, p. 106 (part.).

} Although Pelzeln (.c. p. 176) says that Natterer sent only a single male of this species, the Vienna
Museum possesses two specimens from Natterer’s travels: an adult male taken at the city of Goyaz
August 16, 1823, which is to be considered as the type,“and an adult male obtained at Barcellos, Rio

Negro, August 31, 1831. The latter locality alone is mentioned in the systematic list of Pelzeln’s book
(p. 107).

( 294 )

104. Elaenia parvirostris Pelz.

Elainea parvirostris Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii, pp. 107, 178 (1868,—Curytiba (type) ; Borba, Rio
Madeira ; Barcellos, R. Negro).
No. 1046. dad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. 1908. “Iris and feet black,
bill black, lower mandible flesh-colour.”—Wing 78 ; tail 68; bill 10 mm.
Larger than any other specimen I have seen, but in coloration typical of
£. parvirostris. This species has a wide range, being found from Southern Brazil
northwards to British Guiana, Venezuela, and Eastern Colombia (Bogota coll.).

[105. Elaenia ruficeps Pelz.
Elainea ruficeps Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 108, 179 (1868.—Borba),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer),

This species is also recorded from Southern French Guiana (Oyapoc), and from
the Merumé Hills, in British Guiana; but specimens from these places require
careful comparison with the type in the Vienna Museum.]

(106. Elaenia gaimardii gaimardii (D’Orb.).

Muscicapara Gaimardii D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 326 (between 1838—1847.--Yuracareés, East

Bolivia).
Elainea elegans Pelzeln, 1.c, pp. 107, 179 (Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Borba, etc.).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).

Specimens from the Rio Madeira district agree with one of D’Orbigny’s typical

examples for the loan of which I am indebted to my friend M. Ménégaux, of the
Paris Museum. }

[106a. Elaenia flavivertex Scl.

Elainea flavivertexr Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1887. p. 49 (1887.—Upper Ucayali, Eastern
Pern).
E. implacens (nec Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii. p. 108 (part. : Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

A single young male, partly in nestling plumage, was obtained by Natterer
February 7, 1830.—Wing 58 ; tail 50; bill 10 mm.

Although young, it unquestionably belongs to the present species. This is
clearly indicated by the dull olive-green back, the short tail, the broad bill, and
particularly by the newly grown greater upper wing-coverts being distinctly tipped
with light yellow. Count. Berlepsch agrees to my identification. LE. flavivertex
is new to the Brazilian fauna. Hitherto it had been recorded from Kastern Peru

(Upper Ucayali, Elvira, Nauta), Venezuela (Munduapo, Upper Orinoco), and French
Guiana (Roche-Marie). ]

: 107. Legatus albicollis albicollis (Vicill.).
Tyrannus albicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxxv, p. 89 (1819.—ex Azara : Paraguay).
No. 474. 3 ad., Calama, 28. viii. 1907.—Wing 78} ; tail 59; bill 114 mm.
No. 883. ¢ ad., Fall 2d Novembro, Rio Machados: 13, i. 1908.—Wing 79;
tail 59; bill 12 mm.
Identical with examples from South Brazil and Bahia.

( 295 )

(108. Myiozetetes similis similis (Spix).

Muscicapa similis Spix, Av, Bras. ii. p, 18. pl. xxv, (1825,—“ad flumen Amazonum”; of. Abhandl,
Bayer, Akad. Wissensch. II. Cl. vol. xxii. 3. p. 649).

Myiozetetes columbianus (nec Cabanis & Heine) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 109 (part. : Rio Madeira).
Rio Madeira below Sa» Joao do Crato (Natterer).

This bird, an adult female, obtained November 14, 1829, is indistinguishable
from Bahia and Sao Paulo examples. |

[109. Myiozetetes luteiventris (Scl.).

Elaenia luteiventris Sclater, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond, xxvi. 1858. p. 71 (1858.—Rio Napo, East
Ecuador).

Myiozetetes luteiventris Pelzeln, /.c. p. 109 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

The two specimens, ¢ ad., °, in the Vienna Maicics are slightly smaller
(wing 78, 70; = 66, 62 a than two adult males from the Rio Napo, resp.
Jurua (wing 82 tal 70—71 mm.), but the difference should be confirmed by
larger series. ]

110. Ramphotrigon ruficauda (Spix).
Platyrhynchus ruficauda Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 9. pl. xi. fig, 1 (1825.—“‘in sylvis fl. Amazonum ”).
Rhynchocyclus ruficauda Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 110 (Borba).
Ramphotrigon ruficauda Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha),

Nos, 154, 465. ¢ ad., d imm., Calama, 21. vii. 27. viii. 1907.—Wing 76, 78
tail 70}, 73 ; bill 15 mm.

No. 1081. ¢ ad., Maruins, 18. vii. 1908.—Wing 77; tail 70; bill 16 mm.

Nos, 908, 1032. $$ ad., Maruins, 5. vi, 18. vii. 1908—Wing 72, 74; tail
66, 67; bill 14, 15 mm.

Practically identical with the types in the Munich Museum. As will be seen
from the above measurements, the males are decidedly larger than the females.

111. Craspedoprion olivaceus (Temm.).
Platyrhynchos olivaceus Temminck, P1. col. livr. 2. pl. 12. fig. 1 (1820.—Brésil” ; we fix Bahia as
type locality).

No, 857. ? imm., Marmellos, 24. xii. 1907.—Wing 66; tail 56 mm.

“ Tris blackish brown, feet plumbeous, bill black, below greyish red.”

Agrees in coloration with specimens from Pard and Cayenne, but is smaller,
and paler greenish on throat, foreneck, and flanks. These slight differences are
most probably due to its being immature. Typical East Brazilian (Bahia, Rio)
skins have the fulvous edges to the upper wing-coverts rather broader and deeper
in tint (cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 361). C. olivaceus is new to the fauna of the
Madeira district.

112. Rhynchocyclus flaviventris borbae Hellm.

[Muscipeta flaviventris Wied, Beitr, Naturg. Bras, 3. ii. p. 929 (1831.—Mucuri and Alcobaga,
Southern Bahia, E. Brazil).]

Rhynchocyclus fiinnier borbae Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien liii. p. 208 (1903.—
Borba, Rio Madeira).

R. flaviventer Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 110 (Borba),

R. viridiceps (nec Sclater & Salvin) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 12 (Monte Verde, Rio
Puris).

No. 853. Adult (not sexed), Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907. ‘Iris brownish grey,
feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey.” —Wing 55; tail 48 ; bill 11? mm.

( 296 )

[Mus. Goeldi (Parad), No. 3540. ~?, Monte Verde, Rio Parts, 25. vi. 1904.—
Wing 573; tail 48; bill 11 mm.]

The two specimens agree with the typical series from Borba in the coloration
of the lower parts and in the olive-yellow loral streak, but differ by their decidedly
brighter, pure grass-green (instead of yellowish green) upper surface. In this
respect they approach Ft. f. viridiceps* from North Peru (Pebas) and Eastern
Ecuador (Napo). The latter, however, has the throat and chest distinctly light
green like the sides, not clear olive-yellow as R. f. borbae. From both forms,
RR. f. flaviventris, of Eastern Brazil, etc., differs by having the lower parts,
especially the throat and chest, much deeper, gamboge-yellow ; the loral streak
more clearly defined, rusty yellow or orange; and the upper wing-coverts more
conspicuously edged with clear yellow.

Characters and range of the three races are as follows :—

(a) R. flariventris flavicentris (Wied).

Hab. Eastern Brazil: Southern Bahia (Alcobaca, Muecnri), Goyaz (Rio
Araguaya), Tocantins (Arumatheua), Tapajéz (Goyana).t N.E. Brazil: Forte do
Rio Branco (Natterer). British Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago. North
Colombia (Santa Marta).

Adult. Upper parts bright yellowish green ; median and greater upper wing-
coverts with well-defined, broad edges of deep olive-yellow. Lores and eyelid deep
rusty yellow or dull orange, conspicuously contrasted with the green of the crown
and yellowish green of the cheeks, etc. Under parts deep gamboge-yellow, throat
and chest often tinged with dull ochraceous.

Wing 55—62 ; tail 47—55 mm.

Examined fifty-one specimens from Brazil, Brit. Guiana, Venezuela, Tobago,
etc. Specimens from the Tapajéz and Tocantins Rivers are clearly referable to
R. f. faviventris, though some of them slightly point towards R. f. borbae. 1
am indebted to Miss Snethlage for the loan of the series contained in the Parad
Musenm. ;

(6) R. flaviventris borbae Hellm.

Hab, W. Brazil; Borba, Marmellos, on the Rio Madeira (Natterer, Hoffmanns) ;
Monte Verde, Rio Purds (Mus. Goeldi),

Adult. Upper parts less yellowish green, sometimes (in Marmellos and Parts
examples) even pure grass-green. Median wing-coverts edged with green, like
the back ; greater ones with narrow, ill-defined, greenish yellow margins. Narrow
loral streak dull olive-yellow, rarely distinctly rusty yellow (in two from Borba).
Under parts pale olive-yellow, slightly darker on throat and chest.

— Wing 55—59 ; tail 47—50 mm.

Examined: five adults from Borba, including the types; one each from

Marmellos and Monte Verde, Parts,

(¢) R. flaviventris viridiceps Scl. & Salv.
Hab, North Pern: Pebas (Hauxwell ; type), Eastern Ecuador: Rio Napo
(Petit). [Central Pera: La Merced, Chanchamayo (Kalinowski). ]
Adult. Loral streak and upper wing-coverts as in R. J. borbae, but upper parts

* R. viridiceps Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1873, p- 280 (Pebas, N. Peru).
’ Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. pp. 503, 527,

( 297 )

of a rather purer grass-green; throat, chest, and sides decidedly washed with
greenish. ;

Wing 56, 584 ; tail 45, 475 mm.

Examined: one & ad. from Pebas (type) in the British Museum; one adult,
Rio Napo, in the Tring, and two adult males, La Merced, C. Pern, in the Branicki
Museum.

Obs. The two last-named skins are larger (wing 604, 634 ; tail 49, 53 mm.),
and may again be different. The Napo bird is practically identical with the type.

113. Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens assimilis Pelz.

[Platyrhynchus sulphurescens Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 10. pl. xii. fig. 1 (‘go ”) (1825.—Rio de

Janeiro, etc.).]

Rhynchocyclus assimilis Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras, ii. pp. 110, 181 (1868.—Engenho do Gama, Rio

Guaporé ; Borba, Ric Madeira ; Rio Negro, Barra (= Manaos).*

Nos. 98, 354. od ad., Calama, 23. vi. 8. viii. 1907—Wing 70, 71; tail
57, 60; bill 13 mm.

Nos, 217, 332. 22 ad., Calama, 13. vii, 5. viii. 1907.—Wing 63, 6t; tail
50, 51; bill 12 mm. |

No. 185. juv., Calama, 7. vii. 1907.—Wing 61; tail 49 ; bill 12 mm.

Nos. 930, 1045. oo ad., Maruins, 14. vi., 21. vii. 1908 —Wing 68, 69 ; tail 56;
bill 13 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill black, lower mandible greyish.”

The series agrees with Natterer’s typical specimens in the Vienna Maseum.
R. s. assimilis, from the Rio Negro and the Madeira district, differs from R. s.
sulphurescens, of South-Eastern Brazil, by its much duller, less yellowish green
back, and by having the pileum nearly uniform slate-grey, with scarcely any
greenish admixture. The other characters—viz. smaller size, paler yellow wing-
markings and under parts, etc.—however, do not hold good.

Examples from Northern Pera (Huambo, Xeberos, Chamicuros) agree with
assimilis in the coloration of the cap, but the back is bright olive-green, even
brighter than in sulphurescens. I take them to beloag to KR. sulphurescens
peruvianus Tacz.,¢ though 1 have not yet examined skins from the type locality.

114. Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus sclateri Hellm.

Rhynchocyclus poliocepralus sclateri Hellmayr, Verhandl, Zool. Bot. Gesellsch, Wien liii, p. 207

(1903.—Barra do Rio Negro).

No. 396. 9 ad. (in worn plumage), Calama, 15. viii. 1907.—“ Iris yellowish
grey, feet and bill black.” —Wing 54; tail — ; bill 11 mm.

Agreeing with the type and other specimens from Guiana, Bahia, Rio Negro, etc.
This is the R. megacephalus of Sclater & Salvin, but not of Swainson, ¢ as I have
pointed out in another paper.§ It is closely allied to R. poliocephalus Tacz., from
Upper Amazonia, in fact its eastern representative. In the following lines I give
a short summary of their characters and geographical distribution, together with
the principal synonymy :—

* There are no specimens from 8. Vicente, also mentioned by Pelzeln, in the Vienna Museum.
+ Rhynchocyclus peruvianus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874. p. 537 (Ropaybamba, Centra
Peru).

t Tyrannula megacephala Swainson, Birds Brazil pl. 47.
§ Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Geselisch. Wien liii. 1903. pp. 205-7.

( 298 )

(a) R. poliocephalus poliocephalus Tacz.

Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus Taczmowski, Orn. Pérou ii. p, 285 (1884.—Nauta, N.E. Peru ; type in
Mus. H. v. Berlepsch) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv, p. 171 (part.).

R. megacephalus (nec Swainson) Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1866. p. 189 (Upper
Ucayali: vidi); iidem, /.c. 1867. p, 751 (Xeberos: vidi) ; iidem, /.c. 1867. p. 978 (Pebas) ;
iidem, /.c. 1873. p. 289 (E, Peru) ; iidem, /.c. 1873. p. 185 (Cosnipata, S,E, Peru) ; Taczanowski,
1.c, 1882. p. 20 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn. Pérow ii. 1884. p. 283 (part.: Peru).

R. poliocephalus poliocephalus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 48 (Teffé).

Hab. N.W. Brazil: Teffé, Rio Solimoéns (Hoffmanns). North-Eastern Peru:
Upper Ucayali, Xeberos (Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmann), Pebas, Nauta (Hanx-
well). S.E. Peru: Cosnipata (Whitely). astern Ecuador: Napo (spec. in
Mas. H. v. B.).

Characters. The slate-grey cap decidedly mixed with olive-green, back brighter
green. Lower parts rather bright yellow, throat scarcely paler than the rest.—
Wing (3) 56—58, (?) 52—55 ; tail (S) 47, (2) 42—45 mm.

Examined; 1 adult, Nauta (type); 1 ¢ ad., Hast Ecuador, in Mus. H. v. B.;
1 3 ad., Upper Ucayali, July 7, 1865; 1 ¢ ad., Xeberos, June 6, 1866 (E. Bartlett
coll.); 1 ¢ ad., Teffé (Hoffmanns), all three in the Tring Museum,

(6) R. poliocephalus sclateri Hellm.

R. poliocephalus sclateri Hellmayr, Verhundl. Zool. Bot. Ges, Wien liii. p. 207 (1903.—Barra do Rio
Negro ; crit.); idem, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 361 (Prata, Pard) ; Snethlage, Journ, f. Ornith.
1908. p. 527 (Arumatheua, Tocantins) ; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool, xv. 1908. p. 131 (Cayenne).

R. sulphurescens (errore !) Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 578 (Para: vidi).

R. poliocephalus (nom. nud.) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 110 (Barra do Rio Negro, Mara-
bitanas, Rio Negro ; Bahia—vidi) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 171 (part.: specimen
ex Pard—Layard : vidi) ; Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix, 1902. p. 47 (part.* : Nericagua,
Maipures, Suapure).

R. megacephalus (errore) Layard, Ibis 1873. p. 383 (Pard: vidi) ; Taczanowski, Orn, Pérou ii. 1884.
p. 283 (part.: Cayenne); Salvin, Jbis 1886. p. 501 (Rio Carimang, Brit. Guiana); Sclater,
Cat. Birds Brit, Mus. xiv. p. 170.

R. klagesi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix. p. 115 (1906.—Maripa, Caura, Venezuela).

Hah. North Brazil: Arumatheua, on the R. Tocantins (Snethlage) ; Para
(Layard, Wallace), S. Antonio do Prata, near Para (Hoffmanns); Marabitanas and
Barra (= Manios), on the Rio Negro (Natterer); Calama, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns).
Kast Brazil: Bahia (Kammerlacher coll., Mus. Vindob.; Mus. Brit.+). Cayenne
(Cherrie, Jelski). Surinam : near Paramaribo (Chunkoo coll. in Mus. Tring). British
Guiana: Merumé, R. Carimang, Ourumee (Whitely). Venezuela: Nericagua and
Maipures, R. Orinoco (Cherrie); Suapure, Maripa, Caura R. (Klages).

Characters. Cap nearly uniform slate-grey or very slightly suffused with
olive-green ; back duller green than in R. p. poliocephalus. Lower parts pale
yellow, underlaid with pale greyish on the chest; throat and foreneck greyish
white or, at least, strongly suffused with whitish.

Wing (d) 55—60, (2) 52—57 ; tail (3) 45—52, (2) 42—45 mm.

Obs, Lam unable to discover any constant differences, connected with distri-
bution, among a large number of skins from various localities, R. klagesi is clearly
a synonym of sclater’, examples from the Caura being in every respect identical
with the types. Moreover, Mr. Ridgway compares his alleged new form only with
R. sulphurescens, from which it is, of course, quite distinct.

* The examples from La Pricion, Caura, turn out to belong to R. s, sulphurescens.
+ R. megacephalus Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xiv. p. 170: specimen a.

( 299 )

Examined: 1 & ad., Manaos (type), 1 3 ad., 1 imm., Marabitanas, 1 d, 1 ¢,
Bahia, in the Vienna Mus.; 1 ¢ ad., Nericagua, in Mus. H. v. B.; 2 ad. from Para
(Layard, Wallace coll.), 1 ad., Bahia, in the Brit. Mus. ; 1d ad., Maipures, 1 é, 12;
Suapure, Caura, 1 ¢, Ourumee, 3 ad., Paramaribo, Surinam, 1 d ad., Prata, Para,
1 2 ad., Calama, 2 ad., Cayenne, all in the Tring Museum.

115. Pitangus lictor (Licht.).

Lanius lictor Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl, Berliner Mus. p. 49 [1823.—Para).
Pitangus lictor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha).

No. 535. 9 ad., Jamarysinho, 11. ix. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black.”
—Wing 80 ; tail 67; bill 20 mm.

This bird has a decidedly narrower bill than any of the numerous specimens
before me, but does not otherwise differ.

(116. Myiodynastes maculatus (P. L. 8. Mill.).
Muscicapa maculata P, L, 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 169 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 453.
fig. 2: Cayenne).
Myiodynastes audax Pelzeln, l.c. p. 112 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer). }

[117. Onychorhynchus coronatus (P. L. S. Miill.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 356 (Humaytha).

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The species occurs in French Guiana, Venezuela (Caura), Lower Amazonia,
and Northern Peru. |

[118. Myiobius barbatus barbatus ((m.).

Muscicapa barbata Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 933 (1789.—based on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 830. fig. 1:

Cayenne).

Myiobius barbatus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 113 (Borba).

Right bank, Lower Madeira: Borba (Natterer).

A single adult male taken at Borba, February 25, 1829, resembles Cayenne
skins, but is larger (wing 67; tail 64 mm.). The foreneck is faintly tinged with
pale ochreous, as is also sometimes the case in specimens from French Guiana.
For the present I must refer it to the typical race. |

119. Myiobius barbatus mastacalis (Wied).

Muscicapa mastacalis Wied, Reise Brasil. ii. p. 151 (1821—R. Catolé, tributary of the Rio
Pardo, Southern Bahia); cf, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. II. Cl. vol. xxii. 3.
pp. 641-2,
Myiobius barbatus barbatus (errore !) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 357 (Humaytha).
No. 910. ? ad., Maruins, 7. vi. 1908.—Wing 594; tail 575; bill 114 mm.
No, 875. (¢) juv., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.—Wing 97; tail 55 ; bill 10 mm.
“Iris brown, feet greyish brown, bill dark grey or blackish, below pale grey.”
No. 910, an adult female in fall plumage, is very different from topotypical
Cayenne skins of M. 4. barbatus in the Munich Museum, and agrees pretty well with
a female from Eastern Brazil (M. 5. mastacalis). In both the throat, foreneck,

( 300 )

chest, sides, and under tail-coverts are ochreous buff, the middle of the lower breast
and abdomen alone being pale sulphur-yellow; crown and mantle dull brownish
olive. The specimens from Humaytha and Marmellos also show a decided ochreous
tinge on throat, chest, etc., though to a lesser degree.

120. Myiobius erythrurus fulvigularis Salv. & Godm.

[Myiobius erythrurus Cabanis in Arch. Naturg. 13. i. p. 249. pl. 5. fig. 1 (1847.—Guiana,

Cayenne). |
Myiobius fulvigularis Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. Americ. ii. p. 58 (1889.—Santa Fé,

Veragua).
M. erythrurus (errore !) Pelzeln, lc. p. 114 (Engenho do Gama, Borba, Marabitanas, Rio Iganna).

Nos. 67, 80, 207. do ad., Calama, 17, 19. vi., 12. vii. 1907.—Wing 49—S1 ;
tail 40—42 ; bill S—9 mm.

No. 929. Adult, Maruins, 14. vi. 1908.—Wing 50; tail 42; bill 74 mm.

“Tris brown, feet brown or greyish brown, bill grey.”

The series agrees with examples from Teffé, Bogoté, etc. Natterer’s specimens
from the Madeira and Rio Negro belong likewise to this form, Cf. my remarks in
Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 48.

121. Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus (Bodd.).
Muscicapa rubinus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 42 (1783.—ex Buffon: ‘‘ Pays des Amazones ”),
Pyrocephalus r, rubinus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p, 357 (Humaytha),
No. 297. o juv., Calama, 29. vil. 1907. “ Iris brown, feet and bill black.”
Widely distributed in Brazil and Upper Amazonia.

122. Empidonax lawrencei Allen.

Empidonax lawrencei Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. p. 150 (1889.—based on Ochthoeca
Jlaviventris Lawrence, Ann. New York Acad. Sci, iv. 1887, p. 67: loc. ign.) ; cf. Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 25 (crit.) ; idem, /.c. xiv. 1907. p. 357 (Humaytha).

Empidochanes fuscatus (errore! nec Muscipeta fuscata Wied) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii. p. 115.
note 1 (part. ; specimen ex Borba, February 7, 1830).

No. 148. 3 ad., Calama, 2. vii. 1907. “ Iris brown, bill black, below grey.”—
Wing 62; tail 58; bill 13 mm.

This bird is practically identical with specimens from Trinidad and Venezuela,
the under parts being bright yellow, the chest and sides strongly tinged with olive-
green. An adult obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns at Humaytha, on his first journey
to the Rio Madeira, and an immature male from Borba secured by Natterer,
are paler yellow on the belly, and the chest is scarcely shaded with greenish.

123. Empidonax euleri euleri (Cab.).

Empidochanes euleri Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn. 1868. p. 195 (1868.—Cantagallo, prov. Rio de Janeiro,
S.E. Brazil).

E, fuscatus (errore! nec Muscipeta fuscata Wied) Pelzeln, i.c. p. 115 (part.: specimen ex Borba,
June 23, 1830 ; Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, etc.).
No. 76. ¢ ad., Calama, 19. vi. 1907.,—Wing 69 ; tail 64; bill 13 mm.
No. 680. % juv., 5. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11. x, 1907.—Wing 63; tail 56;
bill 13 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet and bill black, lower mandible white (No. 76), yellowish grey
(No. 680).”

Perfectly agreeing with specimens from S. Paulo and Mattogrosso (Chapada). .

( 301 )

E. e. euleri differs from E. lawrencei by its rufous brown or russet (instead of
greenish olive) upper parts, and much paler lower surface, nearly whitish in the
middle of the abdomen. Natterer’s specimen from Borba belongs likewise to the
present species. Its range is given by Berlepsch & Hellmayr in Journ. f. Ornith.
1905. p. 23.

With regard to EF. euleri argentinus (Cab.), 1 may mention that additional
specimens from Argentine in the Tring and Munich Museums do not bear ont all the
characters shown by the type (cf. doc. cit. p. 23). They are by no means smaller
than ZF. e. euleri, but the upper parts are decidedly duller, less rafescent, and the
belly is whitish with very little, if any, yellowish tinge on the flanks. An adalt
male from Chuchurras, prov. Huannco, Peru (W. Hoffmanns coll.), in the Tring
Museum, agrees in every respect with Argentine skins, while another from Pebas,
N. Peru (Hauxwell coll.), in the British Museum, is undoubtedly referable to
E. e. euleri! More material is required to establish the validity of this form or
otherwise.

124. Empidochanes fuscatus bimaculatus (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

[ Muscipeta fuscata Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. 3. ii. p. 902 (1831.—Rio de J aneiro).]

Muscipeta bimaculata Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. el. ii. p. 48 (1837,—
Yungas, Bolivia) ; cf. Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ. f. Ornith. 1905. pp. 21-22 (crit.).

Empidochanes fringillaris Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii. 1868. p. 116 (part.: Borba ; Rio Parana,
Goiaz, Cuyaba).

E. fuscatus bimaculatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 354 (Humaytha),

Nos. 499, 549. 29, Calama, 31. viii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1907.—
Wing 65, 67; tail 60, 61; bill 17 mm.

_ “Tris brown, feet plumbeous, bill blackish.”

Similar, in coloration and size, to specimens from Mattogrosso (Chapada) and
Northern Sao Paulo, The lower parts are white with the chest tinged with pale
brownish grey, and the flanks very pale yellowish. Natterer obtained a young
male at Borba, March 3, 1831, which does not differ either from Mattogrosso skins
in corresponding plumage.

E. f. bimaculatus ranges from Eastern Bolivia (Yungas) through Central Brazil
(Madeira district ; Mattogrosso: Cayaba, Chapada *) east to Goyaz (city of Goiaz ;
Rio Thesouras, Araguaya f) and south to the valleys of the Parana, Parandpanema,
and Rio Grande in Northern Sao Paulo.t

In Central and Southern Sao Paulo, however, the typical race, LE. /. fuscatus
(Wied), is met with. I have examined a series from Ypanema, and examples from
S. Sebastiaio, Ubatuiba, and Rio Feio.

Snethlage’s record of E. fuscatus§ from Goyana, Tapajéz, is most probably
referable to the pale, western race E. /. b¢maculatus.

125. Myiarchus ferox ferox (Gm.).

Muscicapa ferox Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1. ii p. 934, excl. var. 8 (1789.—ex Brisson: Cayenne).
Myjiarchus ferox Pelzeln, l.c. p. 116 (part.: Borba, Marabitanas).

No. 378. @? ad., Calama, 11. viii. 1907. “ Iris light brown, feet and bill black.”
Wing 84; tail 85 ; bill 19 mm.

* KH. fuscatus Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.Y. iv. 1892, p. 340.

+ Hellmayr, Nov. Zvol, xv. 1908. p. 52.

t I have examined specimens from Barretos (near the Rio Grande), Rio Grande ; Salto Grande, Rio |
Parandpanema; 8. Jeronymo and Itapura, on the Rio Tieté,

§ Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p, 503.

( 302 )

In the Vienna Museum there are, besides a large suite from South-Eastern
Brazil, an immature male from Borba (March 3, 1830) and an adult male from
Marabitanas, Rio Negro (April 4, 1831). These three skins agree, in colour and
size, with topotypes from Cayenne. Birds from Southern Brazil (Bahia, Rio, Sao
Paulo, Parana) are somewhat lighter above, especially the cap paler and less sooty,
and the bill is, as a role, horn-colour instead of black. They are entitled to the
name M. ferox cantans Pelz.*

126. Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

Tyrannus tuberculifer Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. i. in May. Zool. el. ii. p. 43 (1837,—

Guarayos, Eastern Bolivia); cf. Hellmayr, Nov, Zool, xiii. 1906. pp, 323-4 (crit.).

No. —. 6 vix ad., Marmellos, 24. xii. 1907. “Iris greyish brown, feet and
bill black.”—Wing 75; tail 72; bill 17 mm. ;

In addition, I have examined in the Vienna Museum an adult male obtained
by Natterer at Borba, March 1, 1830, which had been overlooked by Pelzeln in his
report. Both represent typical tuberculifer as defined by me (l.c.).

127, Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieill.
Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxxv. p. 84 (1819.—ex Azara: Paraguay).

No. 525. Av. jr., Calama, 7. ix. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black.”

128. Muscivora tyrannus (Linn.).
Muscicapa Tyrannus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 325 (1766.—ex Brisson: “Canada (errore !) et
Cayenna”’),
_ Musczivora tyrannus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 358 (Humaytha).
No. 440. ¢ ad., Calama, 22. viii. 1907.
Nos. 435, 436. 29? ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907, “ Iris brown, feet and bill
black.”

(129. Piprites chloris chlorion (Cab.).

[Pipra chloris Temminck, PI. col. 172. fig. 2 (1822. —Brésil, se. Ypanema, S. Paulo).]
Hemipipo chlorion Cabanis, Arch, Naturg. 13. i. p. 234 (1847.—Cayenne),
Piprites chlorion Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 126 (part, : Borba, Salto Girao ; Engenho do Gama,

Rio Guaporé),

An adult male from Borba, obtained by Natterer in August 1830, belonging to
the Vienna Museum, agrees with a male from Quonja, Brit. Guiana, October 12,
1887 (H. Whitely coll., Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), in the coloration of the lower parts :
throat and under tail-coverts clear yellow, breast pale cinereous, middle of the
abdomen very pale yellowish ; but it has the grey of the nape slightly mixed with
olive-green, and the rectrices more conspicuously tipped with yellowish white, A
female from Cussary, a village on the south bank of the Amazons opposite Monte
Alegre, is exactly like the one from Borba except in having the nape olive-green
like pileum and back, without any grey. Its very dark, nearly blackish, bill seems
to be a sign of immaturity.

The two males from Salto Girao, farther up the Rio Madeira, and Engenho do
Gama, on the Rio Gnuaporé, in the Vienna Museum, have the cinereous breast
distinctly washed with pale yellow, the abdomen brighter yellow, and the bill

* Myiarchus cantans Pelzeln, 1.c, pp. 117, 182 (1868.—Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Curitiba)

( 303 )

much smaller, They appear to represent a different race; unfortanately both are
immature.

Good series from various localities are required to establish the geographical
forms of P. chlorion. |

130. Pipra aureola flavicollis Scl.

Pipra flavicollis Sclater, Contrib, Ornith. for 1851. p. 143 (1852.—‘‘ Barra do Rio Negro ”—locality
erroneous ; cf, /bis 1906. p. 8).

P. aureola (nec Linnaeus !) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 126 (part. : Borba).

P. aureola flavicollis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 358 (Humaytha).

No. 854. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 23. xii. 1907. “Iris white, feet dark red, bill
black.” —Wing 614; tail 28; bill9 mm. (Munich Museum.)

Perfectly agreeing with the Humaytha series obtained by Mr, Hoffmanns on his
first trip to the Rio Madeira, and differing in the same way from a large series of
P. a. aureola from Surinam, Cayenne, Marajé, Monte Alegre, and Mandos.

Mr, Hoffmanns met with P. a. flavicollis exclusively on the left bank of the
Rio Madeira (Marmellos, Humaytha), while, on the right bank, other forms were
found. Hence it is to be presumed that Natterer’s examples also might have been
taken on the left side of the river, opposite Borba, and not in the immediate
neighbourhood of that settlement.

131. Pipra aureola fasciicauda Hellm.
Pipra fasciicauda Hellmayr, Ibis (8) vi. p. 9 (1906.—new name for P. fasciata Lafr. & D’Orb.
preoccupied : type from Yuracarés, East Bolivia).

Nos. 917, 918. dd ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 9. vi. 1908. “Iris white,
feet brown, bill black,”—Wing 65, 63}; tail 28, 29; bill 93, 10 mm. (Munich
Museum.)

The two specimens are practically identical with a very large series from
Eastern Bolivia (types) and Western Brazil (Chapada, R. Guaporé, and Rio Parans).
All of the rectrices are banded with yellowish white on both webs, the orange-yellow
throat-feathers faintly tipped with red ; the chest is strongly washed with crimson,
while abdomen and under tail-coverts are clear yellow, the latter with narrow, sooty
blackish tips. The adult male from Itaittiba, left bank of the R. Tapajéz,* kindly
submitted for my inspection by Dr. Hartert, is also perfectly similar.

132. Pipra aureola calamae n. subsp.

Nos. 2, 399, 445. do ad. Calama, 8. vi. 15, 23. viii. 1907. “Tris white,
feet dark brown, bill blackish or plumbeons.”—Wing 64—65; tail 27—28; bill
10 mm.

Nos. 167, 239, 335. ? ? ad., Calama, 5, 18. vii., 5. viii. 1907. “Tris yellowish
white, feet brown, bill plumbeous.”—Wing 63—64; tail 27, 29, 31; bill
94—10 mm.

Nos. 754, 757. ¢ jav., imm., Allianca, 6,7. xi. 1907. “ Iris whitish, feet
reddish brown, bill black.”—Wing (?) 60, (d) 65; tail ($) 29, (fd) 31 mm.

Nos. 682, 713. ? imm., ¢ juv., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11,17. x. 1907. “ Tris
yellowish or dingy white.”

3 ad, Similar in tail-markings to P. aureola purusiana Snethl.,f from which it

* Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 12.

t P. fasciicauda purusiana Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 160 (1907.—type from Ponto Alegre, Rio
Purtis, W. Brazil).

( 304 )

is very easily distinguished by having not only a narrow frontal edge, but the
whole anterior portion of the crown orange-yellow without any red; the breast
deeper crimson; the flanks strongly shaded with olive; and especially by the
deeper yellow of the abdomen and under tail-coverts being strongly suffused with
crimson,

? ad. Not distinguishable from those of P. a. fascdicauda and P. a. purusiana.

Type in Tring Museum: ¢ ad., Calama, 23. viii. 1907 (W. Hoffmanns coll.,
No. 445).

The three adult males present very little variation ¢nter se. In one specimen
(No. 2) the two central pairs of rectrices are uniform black ; the next has a distinct
white patch near the base of the inner web ; the three remaining ones are, on both
webs, banded with yellowish white. In the two other examples (Nos. 399, 445) the
innermost rectrix alone is wholly black, while the two next pairs show a white
patch on the inner web. Otherwise they resemble No.2. The under tail-coverts —
have long black tips, as in P. a. purusiana. That No. 757 (3 juv.) from Allianca
belongs to this new form, and not to P. a. fasciicauda, is proved by several just
appearing new feathers on the abdomen being mainly crimson (not uniform clear
yellow as in the latter form), and by the colour of the already assamed shorter
under tail-coverts, which are yellow, tipped and edged with crimson, exactly as in
the adult males from Calama.

This interesting new form approaches P. a. flaricollis, from the left bank of
the Rio Madeira, by the coloration of the head and by the middle of the abdomen
being suffused with crimson, yet it can readily be distinguished by having the
flanks yellow mixed with olive (instead of deep black), the under tail-coverts
bright yellow with crimson edges and long black tips (not uniform black), as well as
by the white cross-bands on the outer rectrices.

It is a remarkable fact that the environs of Calama are inhabited by a peculiar
race different from P. a. fasciicauda, which is met with on the Rio Machados above
the waterfalls.

The group of Pipra aureola affords so excellent an example of geographical
variation that I deemed it interesting to append a condensed review of the various
forms and their characters.

(a) Pipra aureola aureola (Linn.).

Parus Aureola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 191 (1758.—based on Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds ii. p. 83.
pl. 83. fig. 2: “from some part of South America, near the equinoctial line "—Surinam fixed
as type locality).

Hab. Cayenne; Surinam; British Guiana; N.E, Venezuela: Guanoco
(Orinoco delta), El Pilar near Caripano, State of Cumané; Lower Amazonia, from
Marajé to Mandos (Barra do Rio Negro).

3 ad. Head above except a narrow orange-yellow frontal band crimson ; cheeks
and ear-coverts strongly washed with crimson ; chin and upper throat deep orange-
yellow, the tips of the feathers more or less red ; foreneck and breast deep crimsou ;
abdomen and under tail-coverts black, middle line of abdomen narrowly pale red,
flammulated with whitish. Tail black, outermost rectrix sometimes with a narrow
white streak on the outer web near the shaft. Wing of twenty specimens 62—66 ;
tail 28—32 mm,

06s. Three males from Mandos (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum) have very

( 305 )

little yellow on forehead and throat, but they are very nearly matched by several
examples from Surinam, etc.

With regard to the d ad. from Santarem (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum)
I have made a erroneous statement in The Ibis for 1906, p. 8, repeated in Nov. Zool.
xiv. 1907. p. 358, in asserting that it was in every respect typical of P. aureola.
On the contrary, a renewed examination of the specimen proved it to be somewhat
intermediate between aureola and fasciicauda, hitherto regarded as distinct species,
though I had suspected their subspecific affinities for a long time. While agreeing
with average examples of aureola from’ Surinam, ete., in general coloration,
especially in the black sides and under tail-coverts, it resembles Peruvian specimens
of P. a. purusiana in the markings of the tail, viz. outermost rectrix with a white
band across both webs, the two next ones with a white patch at the base of the
inner web, though the latter is not quite so much extended as in the western bird.
Farther material is required to show whether the presence of white on the outer
rectrices is a constant feature in birds from Santarem, and it would be unwise to
base a new form upon a single skin. At all events, Natterer’s example is of great
interest, proving as it does the near relationship of aureola and fasciicauda, which
henceforth can be regarded as only subspecifically distinct.

(6) Pipra aureola flavicollis Scl.

Hab. Left bank of the Rio Madeira, Brazil: Humaytha, Marmellos
(Hoffmanns).

For the: locality Borba (Natterer) see above, p. 303.

3 ad. Agrees with P. a. aureola in having the sides, under tail-coverts, and
the rectrices black ; but the red area in the middle of the abdomen is rather more
extended, as well as more decidedly flammulated with whitish or yellowish; the
front and sides of the head and the throat are clear yellow, with but a little red
near the upper and posterior edge of the ear-coverts. (Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907.
p. 358.) Wing of nine males 62—64} ; tail 27—30 mm.

Examined: 1 3 ad., ‘‘ Barra” (type of subspecies); 2 dd ad., “ Borba”
(Natterer) ; 4 dd ad.,1 ¢ vix ad., Humaytha, 1 ¢ ad., Marmellos (Hoffmanns).

(ec) Pipra aureola fasciicauda Hellm.

Hab. Eastern Bolivia, headwaters of the Rio Mamoré: Yuracarés, Guarayos,
Santa Cruz de la Sierra (D’Orbigny), San Mateo (G. Garlepp in Mus. H. vy.
Berlepsch). Central and Western Brazil from the Parandé, Paranapanema, and
Paranahyba Rivers (Araguary) in the south, northward to Goyaz (Natterer, Baer)
and Mattogrosso (Chapada; Villa Maria on the Rio Paraguay; Villa Bella de
Mattogrosso and Engenho do Gama, on the banks of the Rio Guaporé). Also
obtained by Mr. W. Hoffimanns near Maruins, above the waterfalls of the Rio
Machados, right-hand tributary of the Rio Madeira, and at Itaitiba, left bank of
the Rio Tapajéz. (Cf. also Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 54.)

3 ad. Differs from the two preceding races by having no black whatever on
the belly, the whole abdomen below the crimson breast being clear yellow, and the
under tail-coverts yellow with narrow, dull black tips or edges. Moreover, the
rectrices are crossed by a broad, uninterrupted band of white or pale yellowish,
reaching over both webs. In the coloration of the throat and sides of the head, this

form is intermediate between aureola and lavicollis, but nearer the latter. Throat
20

( 306 )

and foreneck are clear yellow, with, however, slight pale red tips to the feathers ;
there is usually a little more crimson on the ear-coverts, and the yellow of the
forehead is less pure as well as less extended than in P. a. flavicollis. Wing
634—66 ; tail 28—32 mm.

Obs. In a considerable series the characters as given above are quite constant.
The abdomen is invariably clear yellow, without any red, and decidedly contrasted
with the crimson breast ; the under tail-coverts are likewise yellow narrowly tipped
or edged with dull black ; all of the rectrices show a broad whitish or yellowish band
across both webs. The feathers of the throat and foreneck are more or less
conspicuously, though slightly, tipped with pale red. As stated above (p. 503) the
birds from Itaittiba and Maruins are perfectly similar to topotypical specimens from
Eastern Bolivia.

Examined: 43h ad., Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio Paranapanema, 3 d¢ ad.,
Chapada, Mattogrosso, 1 d ad., Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, 2 do ad.,
Maruins, all in the Munich Museum ; 1 ¢ ad., Faz. Cayoa, 3 do ad., Rio Jordao,
Paranahyba (Araguary), 1 ¢ vix ad., Itaittiba, in the Tring Museum ; 5 dd ad.
from Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Villa Maria, Rio Parana, and
Goiaz, in the Vienna Museum; 1 ¢ ad., Guarayos, E. Bolivia, type of species, in
the Paris Museum; 2 do ad., San Mateo, Bolivia, in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch.

N.B.—I have not seen examples from the Tocantins, where both Wallace * and
Snethlage ¢ met with the species,

(d) Pipra aureola purusiana Snethlage.
P. fasciicauda purusiana Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 160 (1907.—Ponto Alegre, Rio Puriis).

Hab. W. Brazil: Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Monte Verde on the Rio Puris.
Eastern Peru: Ucayali (Bartlett). Central Peru: Chuchurras, Hudnuco
(Hoffmanns).

d ad. Agrees with P. a. fasciicauda in the clear yellow abdomen without any
black or red, but differs at a glance by having the central rectrices uniform black
and the black tips to the under tail-coverts much wider. The yellow of the throat
and foreneck is bright yellow without red tips, like P. a. flavicollis, while the front
and sides of the head are more like P. a. fasciicauda.

Five adult males from the Rio Paras (incl. the type) measure : wing 64—65;
tail 26—29 mm.

Five adult males from Pern (Ucayali, Chuchurras) measure: wing 63—64 ;
tail 283—30 mm.

Obs. In specimens from the Paris the two or four median rectrices are
uniform black, the two or three outer pairs are banded with white (or yellowish) on
both webs, while the intervening ones have a white patch near the base of the inner
web. In Peruvian skins the: six median rectrices are without any white, other-
wise they agree with the Brazilian ones.

(e) Pipra aureola calamae Hellm.

Hab, Brazil, right bank of the Rio Madeira : Calama, Allianca, Sio Isabel.
3 ad. Agrees with Puris specimens of P. a. purusiana in the markings of the
tail, but has the whole anterior portion of the crown orange-yellow, the breast

* Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. 8. 1867. p. 579: P. faseiata,
7 Snethlage, Journ. f, Orn, 1908, p, 528; P. Jasciicauda,

( 307 )

deeper crimson, the flanks strongly washed with deep olive, and especially the deep
yellow abdomen and basal portion of under tail-coverts much suffused with crimson.
Wing 64—65 ; tail 27—28 mm.

133. Pipra rubrocapilla Temm.

Pipra rubrocapilla Temminck, Rec. Pl. col, tab. 54. fig. 3 (1821.—" Brésil ” ; we fix Bahia as typical
locality) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 127 (Borba).

Nos. 140, 141. do ad., Calama, 1 vii. 1907.— Wing 60, 62 ; tail 314, 32 mm.

No. 142. ¢ imm., Calama, 1. vii. 1907.—Wing 60 ; tail 32 mm.

No. 282. 3 juv., Calama, 28. vii. 1907.

No. 776. ¢ juv., Allianca, 11. xi. 1907.

No. 928. ¢ ad. Marnins, Machados, 12. vi. 1908.— Wing 62 ; tail 33 mm.

“ Tris dingy white (¢d ad.) or brown (dd imm. and juv.), feet pale grey or
yellowish grey, bill grey.”

The adult males have the forehead and crown distinctly paler and more orange
than the nape and sides of the head, agreeing in that respect with Par& examples
(cf. Idés 1906. p. 13, and Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 49). No. 142, in the greenish
plumage of the female, shows some black feathers on the mantle and rump, and the
head is mostly red.

[134. Pipra caelesti-pileata Goeldi.*
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 359 (Humaytha).

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Not obtained on the present expedition. The differences between this species
and P. exquisita Hellm. are fully stated /.c.]

135. Pipra nattereri Scl.

Pipra nattereri Sclater, Proc, Zool. Soc, Lond. 1864. p. 611. tab. 39 (1865.—Borba) ; Pelzeln, /.c.
p. 127 (Borba, Rio Madeira ; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv.
1907. p. 360 (Borba).

P. gracilis Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot, Gesellsch. Wien liii, p. 202 (1903.—Engenho do Gama,
Rio Guaporé), descr. ?.

Nos. 11, 139, 149, 151, 179, 189, 198, 206, 212, 221, 321, 350. dd ad.
Calama, June, July, August 1907.—Wing 52—54; tail 26—29 ; bill 8—9 mm.

No. 710. 3 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 16. x. 1907.—Wing 52; tail 26 mm.

No. —. 6 ad., Allianca, November 1907—Wing 52 ; tail 26 mm.

Nos. 554, 580, 581. go ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 21. ix. 1907.—Wing
52—53 ; tail 25—27 ; bill 9 mm.

Nos. 190, 274. 22 ad., Calama, 8, 26. vii. 1907.—Wing 52, 54; tail 30;
bill 84, 9 mm.

* In a very curious paper (Boletim Mus. Goeldi v. 1908. pp. 85-91) Dr. Goeldi emphatically declares
that this bird was described by him in 1904. Against this I have only to say that the first published
description of P. caelesti-pileata is to be found in the Comptes Rendus Six, Congr. Internat. Zool, Berne
p. 549, dated May 25, 1905, though the volume did not appear until October or November of that
year. In the 7th Supplement (February 1904) to Dr. Goeldi’s Verzeichnis der bisher wissenschaftlich
beschriebenen neuen Thier- und Pflanzenformen, where the name first appears in print, it is an absolute
nomen nudum. The fact that Dr. Goeldi used the name P. caelesti-pileata in 1904 in labelling his
specimens, and that the proofs of his paper are stamped “ September 1904,” has no bearing whatever on the
case, for zoological literature has only to deal with the dates of actual publication, as is well known to
everybody familiar with the International Rules of Nomenclature. With regard to the footnote on p. 89,
I am rather surprised to learn that Dr. Goeldi is not acquainted with the Bulletin of the Brit. Orn. Club,
where he would have found a fall description of P, exquisita (actually published March 24, 1905).

( 308 )

Nos. 753, 788. ? 9% ad., Allianca, 6, 15. xi. 1907.—Wing 52, 53; tail 26, 29;
bill 9 mm.

“Tris white or yellowish white, feet greyish yellow or pale yellow, bill blackish
or grey, tip and lower mandible paler.”

The majority of the adalt males have the milky white cap laterally and
posteriorly bordered by a narrow, pale bluish line ; in these specimens the back is
of a darker green, and the anterior portion of the white ramp is faintly shaded with
delicate bluish. In Nos. 554, 580, 581, 139, and in the Allianca example the pale
bluish edge of the cap is replaced by an indistinct yellowish green line, the back is
of a clearer, less intense green, and the white ramp lacks the bluish tinge.

The series of females proves beyond doubt that my P. gracilis was based
on an individual variety of P. nattereri, ‘The two from Calama are quite typical,
having the crown washed with dull bluish, and the throat as well as the foreneck
strongly suffused with green; while those from Allianca have no bluish tinge on
the crown, like the type of P. gracilis, with which one of them also agrees in the
light, yellowish green colour of the throat.

Until recently P. nattereri was only known from the Rio Madeira, where it is
confined to the right bank (from Borba to Allianca, and probably farther up the
river, for the type of P. gracilis was obtained on the Rio Guaporé). Miss
Snethlage, however, has lately found it at Villa Braga, on the left bank of the
neighbouring Rio Tapajéz.*

136, Pipra stolzmanni Hellm.

Pipra stolzmanni Hellmayr, Ibis (8) vi. p. 44 (1906.—Marabitanas, Rio Negro) ; idem, Nov. Zool,
xiv. 1907. p. 360 (Paraizo, Borba).
P, virescens (nec Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp, 128, 187 (part. : Borba).

No. 981. ¢ ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 8. vii. 1908. “Iris dingy white, feet
and bill black.”—Wing 51; tail 23 ; bill 10 mm.

Stracture of the tail and coloration exactly as in the type and other specimens
(from Bogoté, Borba, etc.). In the middle of the anterior crown there are a few
minute, yellowish dots to be seen.

P. stolzmanni has, as yet, only been found on the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
but as it is also met with in Eastern Peru and Keuador, it is very likely to occur on
the left bank as well.

[137. Neopipo cinnamomea (Lawr.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 361 (Humaytha).
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on the present occasion. ]

[138. Xenopipo atronitens Cab.

Xenopipo atronitens Cabanis, Arch. f. Naturg. 13. i. p, 235 (1847.— British Guiana) ; Pelzeln, Zur
Orn. Brasil. ii. p. 129 (Borba).
Right bank: Borba, in the forest of the Campina (Natterer). Not obtained by
Mr. Hoffmanns.
N.B.—I am unable to detect any differences between typical Guianan skins
(R. Rapununi, H. Whitely coll.) and those secured by Natterer on the Madeira and
Rio Negro.]
; * Journ. f. Orn, 1908, p. 504.

( 309 )

139. Chiroxiphia regina Scl.

Chiroxiphia regina (Natterer MS.) Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xvii. p, 469 (1856.—Borba, Rio
Madeira) ; Pelzeln, 7.c. p. 129 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 361 (Humaytha,
Paraiso).

No. 58. ¢ perad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907. “Iris reddish brown, feet greyish
red, bill black.” —Wing 74; tail 36; bill 9 mm.

No. 19. ¢ juv., Calama, 11. vi. 1907. “Tris dark red, feet light greyish red,
bill black.’”—Wing 70 ; tail 34; bill 93 mm. re
Nos. 32, 260, 334. ? ¢ ad., Calama, 13. vi., 24. vii., 5. viii, 1907. “ Iris brown
or red, feet red, bill black.”—-Wing 67—70 ; tail 84; bill 9—9} mm.

No. 953. @ ad., Maruins, 28. vi. 1908, “Tris brown, feet dark red.” — Wing
71; tail 36 ; bill 94 mm.

The adult male has the black frontal band fully as broad, and the crest as deep
golden yellow, as the specimens from the left bank (Humaytha) obtained by
Mr. Hoffmanns on his first journey in 1906. Those from Paraiso with narrower
black frontlet and more lemon-yellow crest, though in full. breeding plumage, are
apparently not quite adult. This is enhanced by the fact that the young male, still
in the green juvenile plumage, has the crest of the same pale yellow hue.

C. regina is a perfectly distinct form, though it may prove to be merely a
geographical representative of the C. pareola group. Mr. De Witt Miller, in his
excellent monograph of the genus Chiroxiphia,* has suggested that C. regina might
be closely allied to C. napensis Miller, from Eastern Ecuador. On comparison of
the two species, I find this surmise to be quite correct. C. regina differs from
C. p. pareola and C. p. atlantica, but agrees with C. napensis in its rather short
crest, dark azure-blue mantle, and dark reddish (instead of yellow) legs and feet.
Unfortunately I have not seen the female of C. napensis. That of C. regina differs
at a glance from those of C. p. pareola and C. p. atlantica by having the upper parts
of a much brighter olive-green, and the lower ones, including the under tail-coverts,
nearly uniform oil-green. The range of C. regina extends over the area comprised
between the Rio Solimoéns in the north, the Javarri to the west, and the Rio
Madeira to the east. No other species of Chiroxiphia is known to occur within
this district.

140. Chiromachaeris manacus purus (Bangs).

[Pipra manacus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1. p, 340 (1766.—based on “ The Black-capped Manakin,”
Edwards, Glean, Nat, Hist, i. p. 107. pl. 260: Surinam, and on Brisson, Orn. iv. p. 442:
Cayenne). ]

Manacus manacus purus Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool, Cli. p. 36 (1899.—Santarem, on the Amazon
River, Brazil).

Chiromachaeris manacus (nec Linnaeus) Pelzeln, l.c, p, 130 (Borba, Engenho do Gama, Sao
Vicente).

No. 112. ¢ ad., Calama, 27. vi. 1907.—Wing 52; tail 30; bill 9 mm.

No. 604, ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Preto, 1. x. 1907.—Wing 52; tail 30;
bill 9 mm.

Nos. 639, 652, 693. odo ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8, 9, 13. x. 1907.—Wing
51—52; tail 30; bill 9 mm.

In addition, I have examined Natterer’s series in the Vienna Museum, con-
sisting of three adult males from Borba, a couple from Engenho do Gama, Rio
Guaporé, and a female from Sao Vicente. The specimens from the Rio Madeira
agree with a large suite from Pardé and Maranhio (Miritiba), in the Munich Museum,

* Bull. Amer,Mus. N. H. New York xxiv, 1908, pp. 331-44,

( 310 )

in having the under tail-coverts as well as the middle of the belly pure white,
and the whole rump grey like the upper tail-coverts ; but differ slightly by the
darker grey of the flanks and rump, as also by the decidedly wider black area of ©
the mantle, the white nuchal band being consequently rather narrower. These
differences are not very strongly pronounced, and may prove to be independent
of locality. At all events, a series from Santarem should be examined before
attempting any subdivision.

Examples from the north bank of the Amazon (Monte Alegre, Mandos), and
from Barcellos, on the Rio Negro, belong, however, to typical C. m. manacus (L.),
and are exactly like others from Surinam and Cayenne, The under tail-coverts are
grey ; the flanks darker and more extensively grey; the middle of the abdomen
mixed with pale cinereous (instead of being pure white); the black colour of the
mantle much more extended, the grey being nearly restricted to the upper tail-
coverts.

The range of C. m. purus, according to our present knowledge, is as follows :
N.E. Brazil, Maranhio: Miritiba (Schwanda coll.; Munich Museum); Para: city
of Para (Snethlage, Wallace, Layard), Marca da Legua (Steere), Maguary, Marajé
(Steere), San Antonio do Prata (Hoffmanns), Ourém, on the Rio Guamé (Schulz
coll.; Mus. H. v. B.); Amazonia: Santarem, south bank of the Amazon (Riker);
Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer), Calama, Jamarysinho, 8. Isabel, Rio Preto
(Hoffmanns), Engenho do Gama and §. Vicente, on the Rio Guaporé (Natterer).

N.B.—Peruvian specimens, which I have not seen, may also be referable to the
present form.

141. Schiffornis major Des Murs.

Schiffornis major (Bonaparte MS.) Des Murs in Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseaux, p. 66. pl. xviii. fig. 2

(1856.—Sarayagu, Eastern Peru); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 362 (Borba ; crit.).
Heteropelma rufum Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p, 185 (1868.—Borba),

No. 64. ¢ vix ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907.—Wing 83} ; tail 604; bill 144 mm.

No. 439. ¢ ad., Calama, 22. viii. 1907.—Wing 82; tail 63; bill 14 mm.

No. 715. ¢ ad.,8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 17. x. 1907.—Wing 78; tail 59; bill 14mm.

No. 578. ? juv., Jamarysinho, 21. ix. 1907.—Wing 82; tail 58; bill 14 mm.

Two of the females are fully adult birds. Top of the head, nape, anterior and
middle portions of the back uniform cinnamon-rufous ; sides of the head, throat,
and foreneck rather paler ; the rest of the under parts still lighter, deep ochraceous.
The male differs by its generally lighter coloration, especially by its much paler,
bright creamy breast and abdomen. :

The immature female has the crown mixed with brownish grey, and the mantle
considerably duller, cinnamon-brown, corresponding to Des Murs’ S. major, while
the rufous-headed specimens agree with the types of H. rufum of Pelzeln.

142, Scotothorus turdinus amazonum (Sel.).

[Muscicapa turdina Wied, Bei tr. Naturg. Bras. 3. ii. p. 817 (1831.—Bahia).]

Heteropelma amazonum Sclater, *Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1860. p. 466 (1861.—Chamicuros, Eastern
Peru) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 125 (Borba).
S. a. amazonum Hellmayr, Nov. Zoo . xiv, p. 861 (Humaytha).

Nos. 94, 137. 3 vix ad. ? ad., Calama, 22, 30. vi. 1907.—Wing 88, 86; tail
66, 63; bill 14, 15 mm.

No. 755. ad., Allianca, 7. xi. 1907,—Wing 904; tail 70; bill 14 mm.

No. 973. ¢ vix ad., Maruins, 5. vii. 1908.—Wing 91; tail 65; bill 15 mm.

( as)

No. 1010. @ pull., Maruins, 13. vii, 1908.

[No. 1451. ? imm., Borba, 7. xii. 1906.—Wing 88 ; tail 65; bill 14} mm. |

In addition to the above, I have before me Natterer’s series, consisting of
twelve specimens, kindly lent by the authorities of the Vienna Museum ; the four
examples obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns at Humaytha; three skins from the Upper
Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua); two from the Caura Valley, six from British
Guiana (S. ¢. olivaceus); one each from Cayenne and Surinam, and five from Prata,
Para (S. ¢. wallacii). The study of this large material revealed the fact that,
notwithstanding a certain amount of individual variation, three distinct races are
recognizable. Single specimens are not always distinguishable, yet it cannot
be denied that the slight colour differences are connected with geographical
distribution,

(a) S. t. amazonum (Scl.).

Hab. Peru: Chamicuros (Hauxwell, Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmann),
- Soriano (Jelski), La Gloria (Kalinowski), Cosnipata (Whitely), etc. W. Brazil:
Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama (Rio Guaporé), Mattogrosso (Natterer) ; Rio
Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns), Borba (Natterer), Allianca, Calama, Maruins
(Hoffmanns); Rio Xié and Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro (Natterer), Eastern
Ecuador: Sarayagu (Buckley). Venezuela, Upper Orinoco: Munduapo, Nericagua
(Cherrie).

Specimens from Sarayacu, Orinoco, and Rio Negro have, as a rule, the back
brownish olive; the cap more or less tinged with cinnamomeous ; the throat and
foreneck conspicuously washed with rufescent brownish ; and the remainder of the
under parts dark greenish olive. The series from the Rio Madeira and its headwaters
(Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria) are generally less brownish, more greenish olive
on the upper parts, and the belly is slightly paler, more greyish olive ; but there
are so many exceptions that I do not venture to separate them, inasmuch as I have
no topotypical Peruvian material for comparison. Several examples from Humaytha
and Calama show very little rafescent admixture on the pileum, and closely
approach S, ¢. wallacit. :

Immature birds have the outer aspect of the quills decidedly rufous brown,
while in adult ones these edges are olive-brown, or very faintly tinged with
russet.

() 8. t. wallacit (Scl. & Salv.).

Hab. N.B. Brazil: Pard (Wallace, Snethlage), Prata (Hoffmanns). French
Guiana : Saint-Jean-du-Maroni (Le Moult; Mus. Munich). Surinam : near Para-
maribo (Chunkoo ; Tring Museum).

Five topotypes from near Para differ from the preceding form by purer green
back, with very little, if any, rufescent tinge on the crown; paler, more greyish
green belly; and by having the throat but slightly, if at all, shaded with brownish,
Two birds from Cayenne and Surinam are in every respect typical. As stated above,
some specimens from the Madeira are hardly different from wadllacit.

(c) 8. t. olivaceus Ridgw.
Scotothorus olivaceus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix. p. 118 (1906.—Rio Mato, Caura, Vene-
zuela).
Hab. Eastern Venezuela, Caura Valley: Mato R. (Klages), Nicare, La Pricion
(André). British Guiana: Bartica Grove, Camacusa, R. Carimang, Roraima
(H. Whitely, jr.).

(312)

Although Mr. Ridgway compared his type with S. ¢. rosenbergi (Hart.), of
Western Ecuador, the two birds have very little in common. S. ¢. olivaceus is
exceedingly close to S. t. wallacii, which is also geographically the nearest. Yet my
eight specimens (two from Caura, six from Brit, Guiana) differ by having the throat
and foreneck much more conspicuously tinged with brownish, as well as by their
duller, brownish olive back. In the latter respect they approach S. ¢. amazonum,
but may be distinguished by the absence of cinnamomeous on the crown. Two of
the skins are, however, scarcely different from wallaci’. The specimens from British
Guiana are in every way identical with the two topotypes from the Caura
River.

143. Heterocercus linteatus (Strickl.).

Elaenia linteata Strickland, Contrib. Ornith. for 1850. Iilustr. p. 121. tab, fig. sin. (part. :¢— from

the upper branches of the Amazon River oa 3
Heterocercus linteatus Hellmayr, I.c. p. 362 (Humaytha) ; Pelzeln, Lc. p. 125 (Borba).

Nos. 985, 1021, 1027. oo ad., Maruins, 9, 16, 17. vii. 1908.—Wing 89—90 ;
tail 54; bill 12—134 mm. “ Iris brown, feet and bill black,”

Nos. 1007, 1017. 29 ad, Maruins, 12, 14. vii. 1908.—Wing 83, 86; tail
52, 54; bill 13 mm.

No. 793. % ad., Allianca, 9. xi. 1907.—Wing 83; tail 51; bill 13 mm.

Until recently this beautiful Species was only known from the Rio Madeira.
Miss Snethlage, however, has lately obtained specimens at Monte Alegre, on the
Lower Amazons,* and found it common on the Tapajéz: Villa Braga, Goyana,
Ilha do Papageio, and Ilha do Coata.+

(144. Tityra cayana (Linn.).

Lanius Cayanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1, p, 137 (1766.—ex Brisson : “ Cayania re
Tityra cayana Pelzeln, U.c. p. 119 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer),

The single adult male in the Vienna Museum agrees, in size and colour of
the bill, with specimens from French Guiana, Venezuela (Canra), ete. The basal
portion of both mandibles (for about 16 mm.) is reddish yellow, the remainder

black. ]
145. Tityra semifasciata semifasciata (Spix).

paar a semifasciatus Spix, Av, Bras. ii. p. 32. pl. xliv. fig. 2 (1825.—‘‘in provincia
Para”), ;

Tityra semifasciata semifasciata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiy. p. 363 (Humaytha),
No. 431. 3 ad., Calama, 19. viii. 1907.—Wing 119 ; tail 72; bill 26 mm.

No. 810. 3 ad., Allianca, 2. xii. 1907.—Wing 118; tail 72; bill 24 mm.
“Tris yellowish red, feet dark grey, bill greyish red.”

Typical of 7. s. semifasciata. Of. my revision of Spix’s types, p. 668.

[146. Tityra leucura Pelz.

Tityra (Erator) leucwra Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, pp. 120, 183 (1868,—Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira).

Right bank: Salto do Girao (Natterer),
Natterer obtained, in October 1829, a single immature male which is still
* Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 289. T Journ. f. Orn. 1908, p. 504,

( 313 )

unique in the Vienna Masenm. 7. leucura is a near ally of 7. albitorques,* with
which it agrees in having the lores beset with black feathers, and the auricular
region whitish ; but differs at a glance by its pale greyish, at the tip almost white
tail, without any trace of black. The bill too is much smaller. Although the
type is an immature bird, I think there can be no doubt about its being an excellent
form. It has the following dimensions: wing 102; tail 65; bill 16 mm,

Farther south, on the Rio Guaporé (Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Engenho
do Gama), in Western Mattogrosso (Chapada, Coramba), and in Eastern Bolivia
(Chiquitos, Santa Cruz-de-la-Sierra), another closely related species, 7. pelzelni
Salv. & Godm.,+ is met with. This form is nearly allied to 7. i. inquisitor, of
South-Eastern Brazil, but differs by the greater extent of white at the base
of the tail; besides, the rectrices show distinct white apical margins. From
T. albitorques and T. leucura it may at once be distinguished by its black (instead
of white) ear-coverts. ]

147. Hadrostomus minor (Less.).
Querula minor Lesson, Traité d’Orn, livr. 5. p. 363 (end of 1830.—Cayenne).

No, 292. ¢ ad., Calama, 29. vii. 1907.—Wing 894; tail 67; bill 18 mm.

No. 405. ¢ ad., Calama, 16. viii, 1907.—Wing 92; tail 69; bill 19 mm.

No. 1064. f ad., Las Ongas, Manicoré, 18. viii. 1908—Wing 90; tail 63};
bill 17 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

Agreeing with a series from Cayenne, Venezuela (Caura), Bogota, ete.

The female of H. minor may easily be distinguished from that of H. rufus
(atricapillus) by its blackish (not yellowish white) lower mandible. Besides, the
back is dull olive, but slightly mixed with brownish, instead of being, as in
H. rufus, bright cinnamon-rafous like the upper tail-coverts ; the cheeks, auricular
region, and under parts are much darker, deep ochraceous, instead of buff, ete., ete.

H. minor is new to the fauna of the Rio Madeira; but Natterer got a male
on the Rio Guaporé,t and D’Orbigny obtained specimens in Guarayos and Yuracares,
Eastern Bolivia. §

148, Pachyrhamphus marginatus (Licht.).

Todus marginatus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p. 51 (1823.—Bahia; = 2); ef.
Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 141.
Pachyrhamphus atricapillus (nec Merrem) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 121 (Borba).

No. 1006. 3 ad., Marnins, 12. vii. 1908.—Wing 674; tail 51; bill 13 mm.

No. 1043. ¢ ad., Maruins, 21. vii. 1908.—Wing 65 ; tail 48; bill 14 mm.

No. 1044. ¢ juv., Maruins, 21. vii. 1908.—Wing 65 ; tail 50; bill 124 mm.
“Tris brown, feet and bill black.”
The Maruins specimens agree with a series from Venezuela (Caura), Rio

* Specimens from Chyavetas, Peru (Brit. Museum), Barra do Rio Negro (Vienna Mus,), and Bogota
collections (in Tring) examined. The Central American form is different.

t Tityra pelzelni Salv, & Godm., Biolog. Contr. Americ. ii. p. 120 (1890.—Mattogrosso), ee

Psaris inquisitor (nec Licht.) Lafr. & D'Orb., Syn. Av, i. in Mag, Zool, 1837. cl. ii. p. 41 (Chiquitos,
Santa Cruz, Bolivia).

Tityra inquisitor Allen, Bull, Amer. Mus, v. 1893. p. 110 (Corumb4, Chapada).

f. albitorques (nec Dubus) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, 1868, p. 120 (part.: Engenho do Gama,
Matogrosso),—All these specimens were examined by me.

t Pelzeln, Zc, p. 120,

§ D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseausx p, 302 (part.).

(314)

Negro, and Guiana in size and coloration. Two males and three females from
Eastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Bahia) have longer wings and tail.

In the case of additional material corroborating this difference, the northern
birds wonld have to be provided with a new name, since 7. marginatus and all
other synonyms are strictly applicable to the South-East Brazilian race.

149. Pachyrhamphus niger niger (Spix).

Pachyrhynchus niger Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33. pl. xlv. fig. 1 (1825.—no locality : Fonteboa, Rio
Solimoéns fixed as terra typica).

P. polychropterus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 121 (part.; Borba, Barra do Rio Negro ; Serra Carauman, Rio
Branco).

P. niger niger Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 363 (Humaytha, Borba).

No. 449. ¢ ad., Calama, 24. viii. 1907.—Wing 77; tail 58; bill 15 mm.

No. 36. 2 ad., Calama, 13. vi. 1907.—Wing 70 ; tail 53 ; bill 14 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill black, in the female lower mandible greyish.”

The adult male is nearly uniform black both above and below. The two
specimens obtained by Natterer near Borba and at the Serra Carauman are duller,
sooty blackish underneath, and the former has the feathers of the rump as well
as the upper tail-coverts edged with slaty grey. Pelzeln (J.c.) mentions also
examples from Salto Girao, but in the series forwarded for my inspection by
Dr. Lorenz this locality is not represented.

150. Lathria cinerea (Vieill.).

Ampelis cinerea Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. viii. p, 162 (1817.—Cayenne).
Lathria cinerea Hellmayr, l.c. p. 363 (Humaytha).
Lipaugus plumbeus Pelzeln, lc. p, 122 (Borba).

Nos. 339, 481. ¢9 ad. Calama, 3, 29. viii. 1907—Wing 120; tail 115,
109 mm.

No. 802. 2, Allianca, 26, xi. 1907.—Wing 120 ; tail 115 mm.

“Tris grey or greyish brown, feet dark grey, bill black.”

151. Lipangus simplex (Licht.).

Muscicapa simplex Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p. 53 (1823.—Bahia).
Lipaugus simplex Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 123 (Salto Girao, Borba).
Lipangus simplex Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 364 (Borba).

Nos. 349, 553. ? ad., 2 imm., Calama, 7. viii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 14. ix.
1907.—Wing 99, 95; tail 97, 92; bill 20 mm.

Nos. 1019, 1051. ¢ ad., 2 vix ad., Maruins, 15, 22. vii. 1908.—Wing 100, 97;
tail 95, 94; bill 19, 18 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

152. Laniocera hypopyrra (Vieill.).
Ampelis hypopyrra Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. viii. p. 164 (1817.—“ Guyane,” sc. Cayenne).
Laniocera hypopyrra Hellmayr, /.c. p. 364 (Borba).
No. 305. ¢ ad., Calama, 30, vii. 1907. “Iris grey, feet blackish plambeous,
bill black.”—Wing 108; tail 94 mm.

The spots on the sides of the chest are yellow, mixed with pale orange, exactly
as in a specimen from Caura, Venezuela; while in others from the same locality
they are either sulphur-yellow or orange.

( $15 )

[153. Attila brasiliensis brasiliensis Less.

Attila brasiliensis Lesson, Traité d’Orn. livr. 5, p. 360 (end of 1830,—“ Brésil,” errore! the type is
from Cayenne ; cf. Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii. 1855. p. 366); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii.
1906. pp. 328-30 (crit.).

Dasycephala uropygialis Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen in Brit. Guiana iii, p. 686 (1848,—British
Guiana),

Attila uropygialis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 96 (Salto do Girao).

Left bank of Madeira: Salto do Girao (Natterer).

The specimen obtained by Natterer is perfectly similar to russet-backed examples
from Brit. Guiana and the Caura Valley. Lately I have been enabled to examine
Cabanis’ type of D. uropygialis (ef. Lc. p. 328), and found it to be a young bird
of the present species, with the back dull russet-brown, large rufescent margins to
the wing-coverts, etc. }

(154. Attila spadiceus rufigularis Pelz.

Muscicapa spadicea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 937 (1788.—based on “ Yellow-rumped Flycatcher,”
Latham, Gen. Syn. Birds 2. i. p. 354: Cayenne). |
Attila rufigularis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 96, 170 (1868.—Salto do Girao).

Left bank : Salto do Girao (Natterer).

The type, an immature bird, is still the only known specimen. It is most
closely related to A. s. spadiceus, but the throat and sides of the head are of a
much clearer and brighter ferruginous (without any brownish admixture), the
axillaries and under wing-coverts lighter ochraceous, and the middle of the
abdomen is more extensively white. A good series from the Rio Madeira is
required to establish the claims of this form to recognition.

Moreover, I must confess that I have strong doubts about A. brasiliensis and
A. spadiceus being specifically distinct, and should not be surprised if they should
turn out to be merely phases of the same form !]

[155. Attila thamnophiloides (Spix).

Muscicapa thamnophiloides Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 19, pl. xxvi. fig. 2 (1825.—‘“in locis sylvaticis
fl. Amazonum”), : ;
Attila thamnophiloides Pelzeln, l.c. p. 95 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 364 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns). |

[156. Attila bolivianus nattereri Hellm.

Attila nattereri Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien lii. p. 95 (1902.—Borba, Rio
Madeira).
A, bolivianus (nec Lafresnaye) Pelzeln, I.c. p. 96 (Borba, Para).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns.

A, b. nattereri differs from A. 4. bolivianus by its considerably darker coloration
and smaller size. The distinguishing characters are fully given /.c.: cf. also my
remarks in Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 330. Miss Snethlage has lately sent, for
my inspection, two males taken at Monte Alegre, Lower Amazons, which agree
perfectly with the types in the Vienna Museum. The range of the two races
is as follows :—

( 316 )

(a) A. bolivianus bolivianus Lafr.

Attila bolivianus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. xi. p. 46 (1848.—based on Tyrannus rufescens Lafr, &
D’Orb., Syn. Av. in Mag. Zool. 1837. cl. ii. p, 44: “ Bolivie : Moxos, Chiquitos ”).

A. validus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 96, 169 (1868.— Villa Maria ; Engenho do Gama and Villa
Bella de Matogrosso, Rio Guaporé).

Hab. Eastern Bolivia: Moxos, Chiquitos (D’Orbigny), Western Mattogrosso :
Chapada (Smith); Villa Maria, Rio Paraguay ; Engenho do Gama and Villa Bella,
on the Rio Guaporé (Natterer). W. Brazil : Cachoeira, on the Rio Parits.*

Thirteen adults (Mattogrosso, East Bolivia, Puris) measure : wing 94—100 ;
tail 883 —89 mm.

Obs. The types of A. bolivianus and A, validus are practically identical, and
an adult male from the Upper Parts (Cachoeira) does not differ either.

(6) A. bolivianus nattereri Hellm.

Hab. Northern Brazil: Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer); Monte Alegre,
Amazons (Snethlage) ; Parad (Natterer).
Five adults (Borba, Pari, Monte Alegre) measure: wing 91—923 ; tail
76—80 mm.] .
157. Phoenicircus nigricollis Sw.

Phoenicircus nigricollis Swainson in Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americ. II. Birds p. 491 (1831.—
based on Ampelis carnifex Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 4. pl. v.: “in sylvis fl. Nigri ad urbem
Barcellonam ”).

Phoenicocercus nigricollis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 131 (Borba). —

No. 156. ? ad. Calama, 3. vii. 1907. ‘‘Iris brown, feet greyish green, bill
‘blackish brown.”— Wing 110; tail 83 ; bill 155 mm.

158. Cotinga cayana (Linn.).

Ampelis cayana Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii. 1, p. 298 (1766.—ex Brisson : “ Brasilia, Cayana ”).
Cotinga cayana Pelzeln, l.c. p. 133 (Borba).

No. 308. ¢ ad., Calama, 31. vii. 1907. “Tris brown, feet and bill black.”—
Wing 115; tail 80 mm.
Agreeing with examples from Surinam, Cayenne, etc.

[159. Xipholena punicea (Pall.).
Turdus puniceus Pallas in Vroeg’s Catalogue, Adumbrat. p. 2 (1764.—“ Zuyd America”).
Xipholena pompadora Pelzeln, l.c. p. 133 (Borba).

Borba (Natterer). This species is by no means confined to the Guianas (cf.
Cat. Birds xiv. p. 387), but also widely distributed in Amazonia. Natterer
obtained specimens at various places on the Rio Negro, and Mr. BE. Garbe sent an
adult male from the Rio Jurud to the Museu Paulista. Amazonian birds have
somewhat longer wings and tails, but do not otherwise differ. |

(160. Cephalopterus ornatus Geoffr.

Cephalopterus ornatus Geoffroy, Ann. Mus, d’ Hist. Nat. Paris xiii. p. 238. pl. 17 (1809,—loe. inc.) ;
Pelzeln, /.c. p. 135 (Engenho do Gama, Ponte do Guaporé, Forte do Principe).

Both banks: Forte do Principe, Guaporé (Natterer). |
* A. bolivianus Snethlage, Jowrn. f. Orn. 1908. p. 13.

( 317)

161. Gymnoderus foetidus (Linn.).

Gracula foetida Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. x. p. 108 (1758,—“ America, Rolander ” ; Surinam fixed as type
locality, ef. Nov. Zool. ix, p. 58).

Gymnoderus foetidus Pelzeln, lc, p. 135 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 364 (Humaytha),

No. 325. ¢ ad. Calama, 2. viii. 1907.—Wing 195; tail 138 mm.

Nos. 326, 703. ¢ ¢, Calama, 2. viii. 1907; 8. Isabel, 16. x. 1907.—Wing 195;
tail 128 mm.

“ Iris brown or grey, feet blackish or grey, bill bluish grey, bare skin on neck
blue.”
? 162. Furnarius minor Pelz.

Furnarius (Opetiorhynchus) minor Pelzeln, Sitzungsber, Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math,-naturwiss.
Cl.) xxxi. p. 321 (1858.—“ Brasilia,” sc, Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio Mahisy ; ef.

idem, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p, 35).

No. 105. $ ad., Calama, 25, vi. 1907.—Wing 73; tail 48; bill 17 mm.—
“ Tris yellowish brown, feet and bill grey.”

Agrees in coloration and size with specimens from the left bank of the Tapajoz
(Itaittiba, Urucurittba), previously obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns. The species occurs
also in Kastern Peru (Nauta, Iquitos, Santa Cruz).

[163. Synallaxis hypospodia Scl.

Synallaxis hypospodia Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874. p. 10 (1874.—Bahia, Eastern Brazil),

Synallazis sp., Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 364 (Hamaytha).

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns), a single adult female obtained.

~On comparing this bird with additional examples from Bahia, I find that,
except the nearly uniform black throat-patch, none of the other differences
mentioned by me hold good, and Count Berlepsch, to whom it was submitted for
inspection, also believes it to be S. Aypospodia. It will be remembered that this
species has lately been procured by M. Jean Kalinowski in the Santa Ana

Valley, C.E. Peru.*]

(164. Synallaxis propinqua Pelz.

Synallaxis propinqua Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad, Wissensch. Wien (math.-naturwiss, Cl.) xxxiv.
p. 101 (1859.—“ Brasilia,” sc. Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio Mahisy ; cf. Pelzeln,
Orn, Bras, i. p. 37).

Rio Madeira : below the mouth of the Rio Mahisy (Natterer). Not obtained
by Mr. Hoffmanns.

This very distinct species agrees with the South Brazilian S. cinerascens
Temm. in the coloration of the throat, but has a much longer bill, much paler,
greyish brown under parts passing into whitish along the middle of the belly,
and the ferruginous colour of the wings and tail is considerably clearer. It is also
found on the Rio Juruad,f in Eastern Pera, but does not appear to occur east of the
Madeira Valley. ]

165. Synallaxis gujanensis inornata Pelz.

[Motacilla gujanensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 988 (1789.—based on “ Le Rougequeue, de Cayenne,”
D’ Aubenton, Pl. enl. 686. fiz. 2).]

Synallawis inornata Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad, Wiss. Wien (math,-naturwiss Cl.) xx. 1. P- 160
(1856.—Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira); Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1857. p. 36 (Salto do Girao,
Borba).

S eiiiecans inornata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p, 364 (Humaytha).

S. guianensis (errore!) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 13 (Monte Verde, Bom Lugar: Rio
Puriis).

* Berlepsch & Stolamann, Ornis xiii, 2, 1906. p, 92. t Ihering, Revist, Mus. Paul. vi. p, 435,

( 318 )

No. 462. ¢ ad., Calama, 26. viii. 1907.—Wing 62; tail 65; bill 15 mm.

No. 420. 9 vix ad., Calama, Island of Sta. Barba, 18. viii. 1907—Wing 603 ;
tail 64; bill 14} mm.

No. 780. ¢ imm., Allianca, 12. xi. 1907.— Wing 614; tail 66 ; bill 14 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet grey, bill black, lower mandible pale.”

Besides the above, 1 have examined the typical examples in the. Vienna
Museum (a couple from Borba, one from Salto do Girao), an adult female from
Humaytha, and two males from the Rio Puras (Monte Verde, Bom Lugar: Para
Museum). ‘The series differs from a very large number of skins of trne
S. g. gujanensis* by having the under parts nearly uniform rusty buff, with very
little, if any, whitish admixture along the middle line of the abdomen. In the
typical race, the foreneck, chest, and sides are buffy brown or pale earthy brown,
while the middle of the breast and abdomen is extensively creamy white. Although
single specimens are not always easily to be told, yet the difference is sufliciently
marked to justify the recognition of S. g. inornata. By the bright coloration of the
lower parts it slightly approaches S. albilora Pelz.,t but the latter is distinguished
at a glance by the upper tail-coverts and tertials being cinnamon-rufons like the tail
(instead of earthy brown like the back). The back, too, is fulvous brown mixed
with cinnamon (instead of dull earthy brown), and the under surface is decidedly
deeper ochraceous. :

S. g. inornata, as here defined, inhabits the tract of country between the
Madeira Valley (Borba, Calama, Humaytha, Salto do Girao) and the Upper Purts.
I suspect, however, that the bird from the Rio Jurud identified as S. albilora by
Prof, Ihering ¢ will also prove to belong to it.

[166. Synallaxis mustelina Sel.

Synallaxis mustelina (Natterer MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. 1874. p. 14 (1874.—Rio Madeira).
S. cinnamomea (errore !) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 37 (Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio
Marmellos).

Rio Madeira : below the mouth of the Rio Marmellos (Natterer).

In addition to the types (in the Vienna Museum) I have examined four
adults obtained by Comte de Castelnau at Sarayacu and near Pebas, Eastern
Pero, in the Paris Museum; a couple from the Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), and
one adult female from Teffé (Hoffmanns), in the Tring Museum. All have a
conspicuous blackish loral stripe. S. frenata Snethl.§ is therefore a synonym of
S. mustelina. |

167. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Hellm.

Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 14 (1 907.--Itaittiba, Tapajéz River) ;
idem, Jc. p. 52 (Teffé) ; Snethlage Journ. f- Orn. 1908. p. 506 (Bella Vista, right bank of the

Tapajéz).
Nos. 6, 33. ¢ ad., d imm., Calama, 8, 13. vi. 1907.—Wing 62, 61; tail 70,
65 ; bill 12, 13 mm.

* 9 from Cayenne, 1 § ad. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, 3d 3 Kwata, Surinam, 3d ? Itaitaba, Tapaj6z,
1 ¢ } Teffé, Amazons,1 g,2 ? ? Caura, 2 ad, from Bogota, ¢ ? Para, ete.

+ Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien (math.-naturwiss. Cl.) xx. 1. p. 160 (1856.—W. Mattogrosso : Cuyabé
Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama ; cf. Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 37).

t Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. p. 435.

§ Journ. f. Orn. 1906. p. 523 (Santarem).

( 319 )

No. 275. ¢ ad., Calama, 26. vii. 1907.—Wing 62; tail (incomplete) ; bill
12 mm.

“Tris brown, feet dark grey, bill black.”

The adult male (No. 6), like the type and several examples from Teffé,
has the pileum and mantle deep cinnamon-rafous, with scarcely any brownish
suffasion. The two other specimens and an adult female from Bella Vista (right
bank of the Tapajéz) are somewhat intermediate between S. 7. amazonica and
S. 7. rutilans. They have the vertex and mantle brown like the latter, but the
lateral interscapular feathers are entirely or partly ferruginous, and there is a
decided rufous admixture across the nape.

The range of S. 7. amazonica is, accordingly, as follows: North-Eastern Peru:
Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas (Bartlett), Yurimaguas (Stolzmann). Morth
Brazil: Teffé, Rio Solimoéas (Hoffmanns); Calama, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns) ;
Itaitiba, left bank (Hoffmanns), Bella Vista, right bank of the Rio Tapajéz
(Snethlage) ; Santarem (Riker).

S. r. rutilans Temm. inhabits the Rio Negro and Orinoco district (ef. Nov. Zool.
xiv. p. 13), but occurs also in Lower Amazonia on the ‘banks of the Tocantins. I
have examined a specimen from Cameta in the Berlin Museum,* and an adult female
obtained by Miss Snethlage at Arumatheua,t and found them perfectly agreeing
with my large series from Venezuela, etc.

Still farther to the east, near Pard and on the Capim and Guama rivers,
another distinct form, S. 7. omissa Hart., is met with, while a fourth race, S. 7. tertia
Hellm., dwells in Western Mattogrosso (Rio Guaporé) and in the north-western
parts of Sao Paulo (Irisanga).

Cf, my review in Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 13-15.

168. Siptornis vulpina vulpina (Pelz.).

Synallaxis vulpina Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math-naturwiss. Cl.) xx. 1. p. 162
(1856.—“ Brasilia,” sc. Rio Claro and Guardamoc: Goyaz ; Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama,
Villa Bella ; Mattogrosso ; Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras, i, 1867. p, 37 (ut supra).

No. 223. $ ad., Calama, 14. vii. 1907.—Wing 63; tail 61 ; bill 135 mm.

No. 485. do juv., Calama, 29. viii. 1907.— Wing 65; tail 63; bill 13} mm.
No. 220. ? juv., Calama, 14. vii. 1907.—Wing 63; tail 61; bill 12 mm.
The adult female agrees exactly with Pelzeln’s type-specimens kindly lent by

_ Dr. von Lorenz, and others from Goyaz, Rio Grande (Northern S, Paulo), ete., in the

Tring aud Berlepsch Museums. The principal character of S. v. vudpina consists of

the pileam and upper back being uniform fox-red, in decided contrast to the pale

olive-brown ramp, ‘Two females taken by Miss Snethlage on the island of Goyana,

Tapajoz,t are in every respect similar to typical examples, while a single d ad. from

Arumathena (Tocantins §) is much paler, buffy brown, on the rump.

In coloration the sexes are alike, but the females are decidedly smaller. The

Rio Madeira appears to form the western limit of the range of vudpina, since farther

to the west, on the Rio Purts, another form, S. vulpina alopecias (Pelz. ||) is

met with.

* §. rubricata Lichtenstein, Nomencl. Av. Berol. p. 63 (1854.—nom. nud. ; cf. Cabanis & Heine, Mus,
Hein, ii, 1859, p. 29, note ***),

t S. rutilans Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908, p. 530.

{ Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 506.

§ L.c. p, 529,

|| Synallaxis alopecias Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss, Wien (math,-naturwiss. Cl.) xxxiv. p. 101
(1859,—Forte do Rio Branco; cf. Pelzeln, Orn, Bras. p. 37).

( 320 )

The adult males of the latter closely resemble S. v. vulpina, but, as a rule,
there is more or less of brownish admixture in the fox-red of the nape, while the
females differ at a glace in having the nape and back olive-brown like the ramp,
the pileum alone being rufous. In addition to the two type-specimens from Forte
do Rio Branco (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum) I have before me sixteen skins from
the middle and upper Orinoco (Altagracia, Maipures, Caicara, Ciudad Bolivar ;
Cherrie & Klages coll.), four from the Puris River,* and one from the Upper
Sararé (Geay coll., Paris Museum). In contradiction to a former statement of mine,t
I find that examples from North Peru (Nauta, Pebas) likewise belong to alopecias
and not to vulpina. 8S. vulpeculat is, therefore, most probably synonymous with
alopecias, yet a series from the Ucayali should be examined.

169. Siptornis gutturata (Lafr. & D’Orb.).

Anabates gutturatus Lifresnuaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. IT. in May. Zool, cl. ii. p. 14 (1838. —
Yuracares, N.E. Bolivia); cf. Ménégaux et Hellmiyr, Wém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Autun xix.
1906, p. 76.

Siptornis gutturata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 364 (Humpytha),

No. 86. ¢ ad., Calama, 21. vi. 1907. ‘Iris dirty yellowish white, feet green,
bill black, below grey.” —Wing 70 ; tail 64; bill 16 mm.

There is no difference between the specimens from the Rio Madeira and others
obtained on the Rio Negro (S. hyposticta Pelz.) and in Venezuela (Orinoco, Caura).

[170. Ancistrops strigilatus (Spix).
Thamnophilus strigilatus Spix, Av. Bras, ii, p. 26, pl. xxxvi. fig. 1 (1825.—Brazil) ; Pelzela, Zur
Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 78 (Borba).
Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer). Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a couple at Teffé,
Rio Solimoéns,§ and Prof. Ihering received another from the Rio Jurua. || ]

171. Automolus subulatus subulatus (Spix).
Sphenura subulata Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 82. pl. Ixxxiii. fig. 1. (1824.—“ in sylvis flum, Amazonum”),

No. 196. ¢ ad., Calama, 9. vii. 1907. “Iris dark brown, feet grey, bill black,
below grey.” —Wing 82; tail 69; bill 21} mm.

This is the first record from the Rio Madeira, The bird agrees with Spix’s
type in the Munich Museum, except in being much brighter underneath because the
latter is extremely faded through exposure to light. The lower parts are clear
buffy, the inner sides of the breast and the flanks slightly tinged with olive; the
feathers of the foreneck show obsolete edges of dark olive.

A. s. assimilis Berl. & Tacz.,{ of Western Ecuador, is easily distinguished by its
darker, more reddish brown back ; much darker, chestnut-rafous colour of the rump,
upper tail-coverts, and rectrices; by lacking the narrow buff shaft-lines on the

* Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 13.
¢ Mém. Soc. d@ Hist. Nat. Autun xix. 1906. p. 75.
} Sclater & Salvin, P. ZS. 1866. p. 184 (Ucayali, East Peru).
§ Nov. Zool, xiv, 1907. p. 54.
|| Revist. Mus. Paul. vi, p. 436.
‘ a assimilis Berlepsch & Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1883, p. 561 (Chimbo, Western
cuador).

( 321 )

pileum and nape; and by having the breast and abdomen strongly washed with
olivaceous.

Both differ from the typical species of Automolus by their straighter, slenderer
bill.

172. Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus (Pelz.).

[Anabates ochrolaemus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg. 10. i. p. 295 (1 844,— Peru), ]

Anabates turdinus Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math.-naturwiss, Cl.) xxxiv. p. 110
(1859.—* Brasilia,” sc. Barra do Rio Negro; Borba, Rio Madeira ; cf. Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras.
i, p. 41).

Automolus ochrolaemus turdinus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1997. p. 365 (Humaytha).

No. 187. 3 ad, Calama, 7. vii. 1907. “ Iris brown, feet light green, bill black,
below greyish green,”—Wing 94; tail 80; bill 214 mm.
This specimen may be considered as topotypical, Cf. my remarks Ze.

173. Automolus infuscatus paraensis Hart.

[Anabates infuscatus Sclater, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xvii, p. 468 (1856.—* in Peruvia orientali a ee

Automolus sclateri paraensis Hartert, Nov. Zool, ix. p. 61, note (1902.—“ Bemavides ” [= Benevides]}
near Parad).

Anabates sclateri (nec Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i, 1867. p. 41 (part.: Pard and Borba).

No. 200. 3 ad., Calama, 10. vii, 1907. “Iris brownish grey, feet grey, bill
dark grey.”—Wing 93; tail 78; bill 21 mm,

In addition I have before me Natterer’s specimens from Borba and Para, an
adult female from the Tapajéz, and a male obtained by Miss Snethlage at S. Antonio
do Prata, near Pardé. The series differs very markedly from A. 7. infuscatus and
A. i. cervicalis by having the pileam dark greyish olive (instead of bright olive-
brown or russet). The range of A. 7. paraensis comprises that tract of country south
of the main valley of the Amazons lying between the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama)
and Pard. In Nov. Zool. xii. p. 279, I also referred to specimens from Mandos
(Barra do Rio Negro), bat this was a mistake, there being none from this locality
in the Vienna Museum.

Cf. my review in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 53.

174, Philydor pyrrhodes (Cab.).

Anabates pyrrhodes Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. p. 689 (1848.—Coast of
British Guiana) ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 40 (Salto do Girao).
Philydor pyrrhodes Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 365 (Humaytha).

No. 54. 3 ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907.—Wing 93; tail 74; bill 19 mm.
Nos. 92, 201. ? ad., 2? vix ad. (erroneously sexed “ 3”), Calama, 22. vi.,
10. vii. 1907.—Wing 85, 82 ; tail 63, 61; bill 18, 174 mm.
“Tris brown, feet yellowish grey or light yellow, bill grey (92), blackish
(54, 201).”
Identical with Cayenne and Venezuelan (Caura) specimens. This species is
widely distributed all over the Amazonian forest region from the Guianas to
Eastern Pern and Ecuador. Salto do Girao, on the Rio Madeira, is the most
southerly locality yet recorded. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it also at Itaitiba, left
bank of the Tapajéz.t
* = Anabates Sclateri Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math.-naturwiss. Cl.) xxxiv.
p. 111 (1859.—nom. emend. pro A. infuscatus Scl.; cf. Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ. f. Orn. 1905. p. 30).

t Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 16. s

( 322 )

175. Philydor erythrocercus (Pelz.).

Anabates erythrocercus Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien (math.-naturwiss, Cl.) xxxiv.
p. 105 (1859.—* Brasilia,” sc. Barra do Rio Negro ; ef. Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 39).

No. 252. ¢ ad., Calama, 22. vii. 1907.—Wing 87; tail 67; bill 16 mm.

Nos. 18, 50, 101, 306, 470, 504. ¢§ ad. and imm., Calama, 10, 16, 24. Vi.,
30. vii., 27. viii, 1. ix. 1907—Wing 79—81 ; tail 62—68; bill 15—17 mm.

“Tris brown or greyish brown, feet brown or grey, bill grey, upper mandible
darker.”

Agreeing with a typical specimen from Barra do Rio Negro (Manéos).
Examples from Para are not different either. This species, though for the first
time recorded from the Rio Madeira, has a wide range in Amazonia, being found
from Cayenne, British Guiana, and Pardé westward to the Puris and Jurud
Rivers. Messrs. Sclater & Salvin,* farthermore, mention it in their report on
Bartlett’s Peruvian collections, but I have not yet examined specimens from this
country.

176. Xenops genibarbis genibarbis III.

Xenops genibarbis Wliger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av. p. 213 (1811.—Cameté, Lower Amazons) ;
ef. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 54.

X. g. genibarbis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p, 365 (Humaytha, Borba).

X. approximans Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 41 (Salto Girao, Sio Joao do Crato, Borba,
Rio Madeira, etc.).

Nos. 109, 298. go ad., Calama, 25. vi., 30. vii. 1907 —Wing 66, 69; tail
50, 54; bill 144, 15 mm.

No. 469. ¢ imm., Calama, 27. viii. 1907.—Wing 63; tail 48 ; bill 133 mm.

No. 1042. ¢ ad., Marnins, 21. vii. 1908.—Wing 66; tai] 51; bill 144 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet dark grey, bill dark grey or blackish.”

Cf. my revision of the X. gentbarbis group in Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 54-5.

(177. Xenops rutilus tenuirostris Pelz.

[ Xenops rutilus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl, Berliner Mus. p. 17 (1823.—Bahia).]
Xenops tenuirostris Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien (math.-naturwiss, Cl.) xxxiv. p. 112
(1859.—Salto do Girao) ; idem, Zur Orn, Bras, i, p. 41 (ut supra).

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao (Natterer).

The type in the Vienna Museum is still unique. It is an immature male
and measures: wing 63}; tail 45 mm. :

X. r. tenutrostris is nearest to X. r. heterurus Cab. & Heine,+ but the third
and fourth rectrices (from outside) are wholly black, the fifth has the inner web
black, and there is also a black stripe along the inner web of the penultimate
tail-feather. Besides, the bill is much weaker and slenderer. This, however,
may be dne to immaturity, and should be confirmed by a series from the Rio
Madeira. Yet I believe there can be no question of X. r. tenuirostris being a
valid form.

Cf. the review of the geographical races of X. rutilus in Nov. Zool. xv. 1908.
pp. 62-3. ]

* Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1873. p. 269.
t X. heterurus Cabanis & Heine, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 33 (1859.—Colombia).

( 323 ) ©

178. Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (Licht.).

[Thamnophilus caudacutus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. iii. p, 310 (1816.—“ se trouve & la Guyane ”).]

Myiothera umbretta Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p. 43 (1823.—Bahia).

Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 56 (crit.).

S. caudacutus (errore !) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras: ii. 1868. p- 86 (part.; Borba); Snethlage, Journ.
Ff. Orn. 1908. p. 507 (Villa Braga, Tapajéz),

No. 78. ¢ imm., Calama, 26. x. 1907.—Wing 93; tail 70; bill 213 mm.

Nos. 195, 284, 728. 22 ad., Calama, 9, 28. vii., 25. x. 1907.—Wing 88—91 ;
tail 64—68 ; bill 21—22 mm. :

No. 992. ¢ ad., Maruins, 10, vii. 1908.—Wing 88; tail 62; bill 204 mm.

‘Tris brown, feet blackish brown or black, bill black, below grey.”

Some of these specimens have the foreneck and sides of the head conspicuously
tinged with tawny, while this is less apparent in others. As a whole, the series
agrees very well with a number of skins from the Tapajéz (Villa Braga; coll.
Snethlage) and Para; but 1 must confess that, in view of the variability of the
Lower Amazonian birds, I have strong doubts as regards the distinctness of
S. c. brunneus. Of. my review of Selerurus caudacutus and its allies lc. The
range of S. c. umbretta is as follows :—

Kastern Brazil: Rio Espiritu Santo (Garbe coll. in Mas. Paulist.—vidi), Bahia
(coll. Berlin, American and British Mus.); Prata, near Para (Robert). Central
Brazil: Villa Braga, on the Rio Tapajéz (Snethlage); Borba (Hoffmanns), Calama
(Hoffmanns), Rio Madeira; Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns).

[179. Sclerurus rufigularis Pelz.

Sclerurus rufigularis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 87, 161 (1868—Borba, Rio Madeira; Mara-
bitanas, on the upper Rio Negro),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

This species is allied to S. mexicanus Scl., but has a much shorter and weaker
bill, the throat of a decidedly brighter and clearer rufous, etc. It also occurs in
the Pard district and in the Guianas.

Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. 364-5.]

[180. Sittasomus sylviellus amazonus Lafr.

[ Dendrocolaptes sylviellus Temminck, Rec. Pl. col. livr, 12. pl. 72. fig. 1 (1821.—“ Brésil”).]
Sittasomus amazonus Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 590 (1850.—“ ad summum Amazonum”) ;
Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. i. p. 42 (Borba and Salto Theotonio: Rio Madeira),

Rio Madeira: Borba, Salto do Theotonio (Natterer).

The Borba specimens agree with a series from Teffé, Venezuela (Caura), and
British Guiana: head, nape, and lower surface being mouse-grey, without any olive
tinge; the upper back rufescent brown, rather darker than in S. s. chapadensis.
An adult female from Salto Theotonio, farther up the river, is paler throughout,
and forms the transition to chapadensis. The latter form inhabits Western Matto-
grosso (Chapada, Pari near Cuyabdi, Urucim, Engenho do Gama, on the Rio
Guaporé, not far from Villa Bella de Mattogrosso), the adjoining parts of Bolivia
(Chiqnitos), the northern states of Argentine, and Northern Paraguay. In Goyaz
it intergrades with S. s, sylviellus (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xv, 1908. p. 63).]

( 324 )

181. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudii Des Murs.
[Dendrocolaptes cuneatus Lichtenstein, Abhandl, Akad, Berlin a. d. Jahren 1818-19. p. 204. pl. ii.
fig. 2 (1820,—“ in Brasiliae provincia Bahia” ; cf. idem, l.c. a. d. Jahren 1820-21. p. 264).]
Glyphorhynchus castelnaudii Des Murs in Castelnau’s Pings: Oiseaux, p. 47. pl. xv. fig. 2 (1856.—

Santa Maria, Eastern Peru).
G., cuneatus (nec Licht.) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 42 (Borba).

No. 265. (¢) ad., Calama, 24. vii. 1907.—Wing 70; tail 71; bill 12 mm.

No. 900. 2 ad., Marnins, 3. vi. 1908.—Wing 66 ; tail 66; bill 12 mm.

“Tris brown, fect dark grey, bill black, below greyish. 6

Two eggs found in a hole of a tree and taken with the parent bird (No. 900)
are uniform dull white, and measure 19 x 15, 18 x 15 mm.

_ {182. Dendrornis guttata eytoni (Scl.).

[Dendrocolaptes guttatus Lichtenstein, Abhandl, Akad, Berlin a, d. Jahren 1818-19. p. 201 (1820.—

“in Brasiliae provincia Bahia” ; ef. idem, /.c. 1820-21. p, 264).]

Dendrocolaptes eytoni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxi, 1853. p. 69. pl. lvii. (July 1854.—Rio

Capim, near Par4).

Dendrornis eytoni Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. i. p. 45 (part.: Borba).
D. guttata eytoni Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p, 366 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

As pointed out by me (/.c.), the birds from Borba have the light markings
of the crown and upper back rather brighter buff, and the belly more suffused
with rusty, than typical Paré examples. However, I have lately seen several
specimens from Para, and Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapajéz, which agreed in
these respects with those from Borba. |

183. Dendrornis guttata guttatoides (Lafr.).

Nasica guttatoides Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 387 (1850.—Lorette, N.E. Peru); cf.

Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Mém. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat, Autun xix. p. 99.

Dendrornis guttata guttatoides Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 365 (Humaytha),
D, eytoni Pelzeln, lc. p. 45 (part. : Salto Theotonio).

Nos. 846, 856, 873. do ad., d juv., Marmellos, 21, 23, 27. xii. 1907.—Wing
115 (¢ juv.), 118, 122; tail 105—110; bill 36 (juv.), 38, 41 mm.

Nos. 850, 851. $9, Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.—Wing 114, 115; tail 95, 99;
bill 394, 41 mm.

“ Iris brown, feet plambeons, bill grey.”

Nos. 155, 202, 205, 421. dd, Calama, 2, 10, 11. vii., 18. viii. 1907.—Wing 120
(No. 202), 124—128 ; tail 104 (No. 202), 110 ; bill 394—42 mm.

No. 771. ¢ ad., Allianca, 11. xi. 1907.—Wing 118; tail 109; bill 41 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeous, bill dark grey.”

The series from Marmellos (left bank) agrees in every detail with several
topotypical Peruvian skins (in the Munich Museum) and others from Eastern
Ecuador, etc. The bill is pale greyish yellow, with the basal third of the upper
mandible only dusky ; the pale markings on the head and upper back are deep buff,
those of the hindneck being conspicuously edged laterally with blackish ; the throat
bright baff, the ground-colour of the lower parts deep ochraceous ; the feathers of
the foreneck have irregular blackish or dark brown edges, etc.

The specimens from Calama and Allianca, as well as the adult male obtained
by Natterer at Salto Theotonio—/.e. those from the right bank—are decidedly
intermediate between guttatordes and eytoni. The light markings are creamy white

( 325 )

on the head, clear buff on the mantle, exactly as in eytoni from Borba; underneath
some are like guttatordes, while others are not distinguishable from eytoni. In
the shape and colour of the bill they nearly agree with guttatoides, the upper
mandible being greyish horn-colour, though somewhat darker than in specimens
from the left bank (Humaytha, Marmellos, ete.), but not black as in eytoni. Of.
also Nov. Zool. xiv. pp, 59-60.

184. Dendrornis elegans Pelz.
Dendrornis elegans Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i. p. 63 (1897.—Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé *,

No. 251. ¢ ad., Calama, 22. vii. 1907.—Wing 99 ; tail 83; bill 32 mm.
Nos. 108, 245, 348, 355. 2 ad., 2 imm. and juv., Calama, 25. vi., 20. vii,
7, 8. viii. 1907.—Wing 90—96 ; tail 75—80 ; bill 283—30 mm.

No, 232. ¢ imm., Calama, 15. vii. 1907.—Wing 103; tail 82 ; bill 31} mm.

Nos. 796, 809. $ ad., 2? imm., Allianca, 20, 30. xi. 1907,—Wing 92—95 ; tail
76—79 ; bill 294—304 mm.

No. 1016. ¢ ad., Maruins, 14. vii. 1908.—Wing 101; tail 82; bill 29 mm.

Nos. 937, 1014. 2 ad., Maruins, 21. vi. 13. vii. 1908.—Wing 89, 96; tail
74, 80; bill 28, 304 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeous, bill grey, above darker.”

Some of these specimens I have compared with the types in the Vienna
Museum, and found them perfectly agreeing. D. elegans is a strongly marked
species, not in any way to be confounded with D. insignis Hellm., which has a
more western range. It is well characterized by having the whole back, from the
nape down to the chestnut rump, covered with large, pearl-shaped spots of buff,
and by the distinct, though narrow, buff shaft-lines or subapical dots on the lesser
and median, sometimes also on the greater upper wing-coverts ; the bend of the
wing is largely cinnamon-rafous ; the lateral interscapular feathers are spotted with
buff like the back, all these pale markings being conspicuously edged with blackish ;
the nearly straight bill is dusky horn-colour, yellowish towards the base of the
lower mandible.

D. insignis Hellm.+ has the pale markings above deeper in colour, narrower
and longer, more tear-shaped, and confined to the upper back; the upper wing-
coverts are uniform olive-brown ; the bill decidedly curved, with the greater part
of the upper mandible whitish. This species ranges from Northern Peru through
Keuador to Eastern Colombia.

D. juruana Shering,{ from the Rio Jurud, agrees with D. insignis in the
uniform upper wing-coverts and in the coloration of the upper parts, but the
wedge-shaped buff markings of the chest are very much smaller and not extended
over the lower breast, and the bill is shaped and coloured as in D. elegans. I
am greatly indebted to Prof. von Ihering for the loan of two typical specimens, an
adult and an immature male.

D. spixii (Less.)§ is the eastern representative of D. elegans, from which it
mainly differs in the shape of the pale spots on the mantle, uniform olive-brown

* Pelzeln mentions also Manaqueri, but there are no specimens from this locality in the Vienna
Museum.

T Bull. B. O. C. xv. p. 55 (March 1905.—Samiria, N.E. Peru).

t Revist. Mus. Paulist. vi. 1904. p. 486: D. ocellata juruana (1905.—Rio Juru4).

§ Picolaptes Spixii Lesson, Traité d’ Orn. livr. 4. p. 314 (September 1830.—based on Dendrocolapte s
tenuirostris (nec Licht.) Spix, Av. Bras. i. 1824. p, 88. pl. 91. fig. 2; Brazil).

*

( 326 )

upper wing-coverts, and in having the foreneck and breast marked with broad,
oblong spots of buff. Moreover, there is hardly any rufescent tinge on the bend
of the wing. The shape of the bill is exactly alike in the two species. D. spixit
ranges from Parad westwards to Santarem, right bank of the Rio Tapajéz. Thanks
to the kindness of Dr. Charles W. Richmond, I have been enabled to examine the
type of D. fraterculus Ridgw.,* and found it identical with Parad examples. On
the left bank of the Rio Tapajéz, however, D. elegans is met with, for Miss
Snethlage has lately obtained a specimen at Villa Braga (Journ. f. Orn. 1908.
p- 508).

The range of D. elegans is thus as follows:

Right bank of the Rio Madeira: Calama, Allianca; Maruins, Rio Machados
(Hoffmanns); Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé (Natterer). Left bank of the
Rio Tapajéz : Villa Braga (Snethlage).

Although I expect that D. elegans, D. juruana, D. spixii, and D. insignis
will prove to be geographical modifications of a single species, it would be unwise
to use trinomials until their relations are better understood. D. pardalotus
(Vieill.), from the Guianas, Orinoco region, and Rio Negro, appears also to belong
to this group.

[185. Dendrornis ocellata (Spix).
“ Dendrocolaptes ocellatus (guttatus)” Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 88. tab. 91. fig. 1 (1824.—“in sylvis

Piauhy,” errore! cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Ak. Wissensch. II. Cl. xxii. 3. 1906. p. 634).
Dendrornis ocellata Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 45 (Borba).

Natterer obtained a good series near Borba, lower Rio Madeira. The
specimens ate practically identical with Spix’s type in the Munich Museum.
Though agreeing in shape and colour of bill, D. ocel/ata undoubtedly is specifically
distinct from D. elegans and its allies. The uniform brown back, with hardly a
few, hair-like buff shaft-lines on the nape and adjoining portion of the upper mantle,
serves, together with other characters, to distinguish it at first sight.]

186. Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata (Lafr.).

[Dendrocolaptes obsoletus Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad, Wissensch. Berlin a. d. Jahren 1818-19.
p- 205 (1820.—Pard ; cf. idem, /.c. a. d. J. 1820-21. p. 265).]

Nasica multiguttatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 417 (1850.—“De Fontiboa, haut
Amazone et du Brésil”) ; cf. Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Mém, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Autun xix,
p. 105 (crit.),

Dendroplex similis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. pp. 46, 64 (1867.—Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé ;
Borba, Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro).

Nos. 124, 278. ? ad. ? imm., Calama, 29. vi., 27. vii. 1907.—Wing 95, 90 ;
tail 75; bill 25 mm.

‘Tris dark brown, feet greyish brown, bill grey.”

Specimens from the Rio Madeira (Calama, Borba) agree perfectly with the types
from Fonteboa. The original example of D. obsoletus said to be from “ Para”
differs by the pale stripes on the mantle being not or very indistinctly bordered
with dusky. Until more specimens with definite localities come to hand it
cannot be said with certainty whether this character is of any value. Miss Snethlage f
has lately recorded D. obsoleta from the Tapajéz and Tocantins Rivers, unfortunately
without any further comment.

* Dendrornis fraterculus Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. x. 1887. p. 526 (1888.—Diamantina, near

Santarem).
¢ Journ. f. Orn, 1908. pp. 508, 530,

( 327 )

187. Dendroplex picus kienerii (Des Murs).

[Oriolus Picus Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1. i. p. 384 (1788,—based on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 605:

Cayenne). }

Dendrornis kienerii Des Murs in Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseaue p. 45. pl. xiv, fig. 1 (1856. —Eiga,
Rio Solimoéns) ; cf, Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Mém. Soc. d' Hist. Nat. Autun xix. pp. 108-10).
_Dendroplex picus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. p. 46 (Salto Theotonio, Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool.

xiv. p. 366 (Borba).

Nos. 108, 285, 391. ¢d ad., Calama, 24. vi, 28. vii., 14. viii. 1907.—Wing
111—114; tail 100—104 ; bill 28~294 mm.

Nos. 388, 524, 722. ?9 ad., Calama, 12. viii., 7. ix. 1907; 8S. Isabel, Rio
Preto, 19. ix. 1907.—Wing 97—108; tail 854—90; bill 27—29 mm.

“Tris brown, feet grey or green, bill grey or pale green.”

These specimens, like others from Chiquitos (Eastern Bolivia), Mattogrosso,
and the Rio Purtis, present larger dimensions than a series of skins from Cayenne,
Venezuela, Bahia, and Goyaz, and are much more rafescent on the lower parts.
Ménégaux & Hellmayr (/.c.) have already called attention to these differences and
suggested the possibility of recognizing a race D. picus hienerii. Since then, I have
examined much additional material, and, although single specimens from the
interior of Brazil and Peru are sometimes hardly larger, I am now convinced that
hienerit is a fairly well-marked subspecies. The range of D. picus picus and its
ally is as follows :—

(a) D. picus picus (Gm.).

Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, Venezuela (Orinoco Valley). North Brazil:
Rio Branco and Rio Negro (Barcellos), Eastern Brazil: from Marajé and Para
along the Amazons to Obidos and Monte Alegre, the left bank of the Tapajéz
(Itaitiiba), south to Bahia and the sources of the Rio Araguay (Goyaz, Rio Thesouras,
Rio dos Piloens, etc.).

Obs. Specimens from Barcello:, Obidos, Itaituba, and Goyaz are perfectly
similar to the topotypical Cayenne bird.

(6) D. picus kienerii (Des Murs).

Central Brazil, Mattogrosso: Cuyabdi, Villa Maria (on the Rio Paraguay) ;
Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Sio Vicente, Rio Guaporé (Natterer) ; Rio Madeira :
Salto Theotonio, Borba (Natterer), Calama, S. Isabel (Hoffmanns); Rio Puris:
Monte Verde*; Rio Solimoéns: Ega (Castelnau). Eastern Bolivia: Chiquitos
(D’Orbigny). Eastern Peru: Sarayacu, on the Ucayali (Castelnau), Pebas
(idem), ete,

Obs. The birds from Cuyabaé and Villa Maria are extreme specimens of this
form, being large-sized and strongly suffused with rafescent underneath. For
measurements see Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Autun xix. pp. 109-10. It is well to
remark that the exceptionally small ¢ from Rio Guaporé (wing 884, tail 75 mm.)
is a very young bird, consequently of very little use.

188. Dendrexetastes rufigula subsp.

_ [Dendrocolaptes (Orthocolaptes) rufigula Lesson, Guvr. compl. Buffon (ed. Levéque), xx. p. 281
(1847.—Cayenne).]

No. 407. ? imm., Calama, 16 viii. 1907. “Iris yellowish brown, feet dark
grey, bill greyish green.” —Wing 104; tail incomplete; bill 31 mm.
* D. p. kieneri Snethlage, Journ, f. Orn. 1908, p. 14,—Specimen examined.

( 328 )

This bird stands somewhat between D. r. rufigula, from the Guianas, etc., and
D. r. devillei, from Upper Amazonia. It agrees with the latter in the pale greyish
colour of the bill, and in having the white markings below restricted to the fore-
neck ; however, the ground-colour of the lower parts is pale brown (not tinged with
ochraceous), the throat shows half-concealed white spots, and the hindneck as well
as the sides of the neck are streaked with white. In all these. points it resembles
D.r. rujigula, bat the white markings are narrower, and those on the hindneck
have no or scarcely any black lateral edges.

On the left bank of the Rio Madeira another form takes its place :-—

[189. Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (Lafr.).

Dendrocolaptes Devillei Lafresnaye, Rey. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 102 (1850.—Sarayagu, Eastern
Peru).

Dendrexetastes devillei Heilmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907, p. 366 (Humaytha).

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns), thence through
Western Brazil (Bom Lugar, Rio Purtis*) to Eastern and Northern Pern
(Sarayacu, Iquitos, Samiria, etc.).]

[Having lately examined specimens of the three forms of Dendrexetastes, 1
think a few words about their distinguishing characters may be welcome to
ornithologists.

(a) D. rufigula rufigula (Less.).
Syn. Dendrocolaptes Temminckii Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) iii. p. 145. pl. iv. (March 1851.—

‘Santa Fé de Bogoté”—errore !),

Dendrexetastes capitoides Eyton, Contrib. to Ornith. 1851. p. 76 (autumn 1851.—no locality).

Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne (Lesson, etc.), Ouanary (Geay); Surinam :
near Paramaribo (Chunkoo; two specimens in Tring Museum); British Guiana:
Mines District (two specimens in Tring Museum). North Brazil: Barra do Rio
Negro = Mandos (Natterer).

Characters. This form is characterized by having the foreneck and chest
thickly covered with large, oval, whitish spots, bordered by a very distinct black
line; the chin only is uniform rusty buff, while the throat shows half-concealed
white shaft-streaks ; nape and sides of neck with conspicuous, slightly pointed,
whitish stripes, more or less distinctly edged laterally with black ; ground-colour
of lower parts pale brown with a faint ochreous tinge. Upper mandible dark horn-
brown ; lower one yellowish grey, darker at base.

Obs. Specimens from British Guiana and Manaos are practically identical.
Two from Surinam differ by having slight dusky cross-lines in the middle of the
abdomen and on the under tail-coverts. ‘fhe sides of the head, including superciliary
and temporal regions, are uniform earthy brown in D. r. rufigula, though in one
specimen each from Surinam and British Guiana a few narrow whitish lines are to
be noticed along the upper margin of the ear-coverts.

Wing. Tail. Bill.

1, 3g ad., Paramaribo : ; : , 306 110 32 mm.
— Imm, e ‘ ; : . 100 100 (moulting) 31 ”

3,4. Adults, Mines District, British Guiana 105,109 108, 112 30,32 sy,

5, g ad., Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer) . 105 114 damaged ,,

* Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 14,

( 329 )

(6) D. rufigula paraensis Lorenz-Liburnan.

Dendrexetastes paraensis Lorenz-Liburnau, Verhandl. Zool. Bot, Gesellsch. Wien xlv. p. 363 (1895.—
Para) ; idem, Ann. Hofmus, Wien xi. 1896, pp. 1-4. pl. 1.

Hab. N.E. Brazil: Marco da Legoa near Parad (Princess Therese of Bavaria).

Characters. Differs from D. r. rufigula by its stronger, stouter bill, slightly
darker back, duller, more earthy brown under parts, and especially by having a row
of distinct, though narrow, white streaks, laterally bordered with black, running
along the upper margin of the ear-coverts, from the sides of the neck to above
the eye.

1. Immature, Marco da Legoa, Para, Zype. Wing 104; tail 100; bill 32 mm.

Obs. I am under great obligation to H.R.H. the Princess Therese of Bavaria
for the loan of the typical specimen.

(c) D. rufigula subsp.

Hab. North Brazil : Calama, right bank of the Rio Madeira.
See above. More material is required to establish the status of this form ;
it would not be scientific to base a new name on a single immature specimen.

(d) D. rufigula devillei (Lafr.).

Hab. Eastern Pera: Sarayacu (Castelnan & Deville), Iquitos (Whitely),
Samiria (Hauxwell). Western Brazil: Bom Lugar, Rio Parts (Snethlage) ;
Humaytha, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns). :

Characters. Differs from (a) and (6) by lacking the white longitudinal streaks
on the nape and sides of the neck. Moreover, the throat is uniform ochreons,
without any trace of white stripes ; the foreneck only shows a number of narrow buff
shaft-lines ; the ground-colour of breast and abdomen is much more tinged with
ochraceous. The bill, too, is paler, the upper mandible being light yellowish grey,
like the lower one.

Wing. Tail. Bill.
1. g ad., Sarayacu, East Pera, Type of species, Paris Museum 108 112 32 mm.
2. d ad., Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Tring Museum . - 100 100 32 y, |

190. Hylexetastes uniformis Hellm.
Hylexetastes uniformis Hellmayr, Rev. Frang. d'Ornith. i. No. 7. p. 100 (November 1909.—Calama,
Rio Madeira). ;
Xiphocolaptes Perrotii (nec Dendrocolaptes Perrotii Latr.) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. 1867. p. 43
(Borba),

No. 271. ¢ vix ad, Calama, 25. viii. 1907. “Iris yellowish brown, feet
greyish green, bill greyish red.”"—Wing 126; tail (slightly moulting) 110;
bill 34 mm. Type of the species.

fNo. 16013, Vienna Museum. d imm., Borba, 9. i. 1830 (Natterer coll.).—
Wing 125; tail 116 ; bill 385 mm. 3

No. 16012, Vienna Museum. ¢ ad., Borba, April 1830.—Wing 127; tail 116 ;
bill 35 mm. : :

No. 16014, Vienna Museum. ? juv., Borba, 27. vi. 1830.—Wing 126; tail
112; bill 32 mm.]}

Adult. Pileum clear rufescent brown ; back bright. cinnamon-brows, decidedly

( 330 )

contrasted with colour of crown ; lower rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut.
Upper wing-coverts cinnamon-brown, somewhat paler and duller than the back, the
inner webs of the greater series more rufous; remiges chestnut, the outermost
primaries narrowly edged with brownish. Tail uniform chestnut. A narrow rim
round the eye bare of feathers, only a few small plumules on the lower edge of the
eyelid. Sides of the head (viz. lores, cheeks, malar region, ear-coverts, and
superciliary region) dull greyish brown (ashy brown), the shafts of the auricular
_ feathers for the greater part whitish. Lower parts uniform earthy brown with a
slight rufescent tinge, more conspicuous on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts.
Under wing-coverts dull orange, mixed with brownish towards the edge of the
wing ; broad margin to inner web of remiges orange-buff. Bill dark red.

The adult female obtained by Natterer agrees with the type but for the slightly
more rufescent breast and abdomen.

Another, immature, male from Borba is even more strongly washed with
cinnamomeous on the lower parts; the feathers of the occiput and crown are
narrowly edged with buff, and the bill is longer as well as slenderer.

An evidently young female from Borba has the sides of the head more brownish,
and a shorter, darker bill.

This new species differs from H. perrotii (Lafr.) * in several important points.
The latter bird is larger (two Cayenne skins in the British Museum measure :
wing 135—140; tail 120—122 mm.); the anterior portion of the throat is buffy,
in conspicuous contrast to the brown chest, etc.; the middle of the belly shows
more or less distinct dusky cross-lines ; furthermore, there is a well-defined dingy
white band running from the nasal plumes under the eye to the Jower portion of the
auricular region.

H., perrotii has been described from Colombia. This locality, however, was
most probably erroneous, since the specimens in the British Museum, skins of
the unmistakable Cayenne make, agree perfectly with Lafresnaye’s original
description.

H. uniformis is, as yet, only known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
and the four specimens described above are the only ones in European collections.+

191. Nasica longirostris (Vieill.).

Dendrocopus longirostris Vieillot, Nowv, Dict.—xxvi. p. 117 (1818.—ex Levaillant : “ Brésil”).
Nasica longirostris Pelzeln, I.c. p. 44 (Salto Girao, Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 367
Humaytha, Borba).

Nos, 88, 522, 725. oo ad., Calama, 21. vi., 7. ix., 23. x. 1907.—Wing 140—
147 ; tail 134—140; bill 68—78 mm. :

Nos. 534, 583. $ 9, Jamarysinho, 10, 21. ix. 1907,—Wing 134, 140; tail 128,
136; bill 70 mm.

No. 1050. ? imm., Maruins, 28. vii. 1908.—Wing 135 ; tail 126; bill 70 mm.

“Tris light brown, feet grey, bill yellowish grey or pale grey.”

This singular bird is widely distributed in Amazonia and Guiana.

* Dendrocolaptes Perrotii Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool, vii. p. 80 (1844.—“ Colombie ”); Mag. Zool. 1844.
Oiseaux, pl. 54; Rev. Mag. Zvol, (2) ii. 1850. p. 101; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 141 (Cayenne),

f Though no species of Picolaptes has as yet been discovered in the Madeira Valley, one of the plain-
capped forms, P. fuscicavillus Pelz. or P. layardi Scl., is very likely to occur there.

( 331 )

(192. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides (Lafr.).
Xiphorhynchus procurvoides Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p, 376 (1850.—Cayenne).
Xiphornis procurvoides Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 367 (Borba).

X. trochilirostris (nec Licht.) Pelzeln, J.c. p. 44 (part. : Borba),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. von Lorenz, I now have, in addition to the adult
female out of Mr. Hoffmann’s first’ Madeira collection, three more specimens from
Borba (Natterer coll.) before me, and can state that the supposed differences noticed
by me /.c. have no real existence.. Two of the skins show slight blackish edges to
the pale shaft-streaks on the foreneck and chest, but the third (Vienna Museum,
No, 15914, ¢ ad., Borba, April 8, 1830) has no traces thereof, agreeing in this
respect with the series of C. ¢. procurvoides from Cayenne and British Guiana. The
olive tint of the lower plumage is not a constant character either, two of Natterer’s
examples being even more strongly tinged with rufescent underneath than some of
the Guianan ones. Moreover, in all principal! points, ¢.e. narrow buff shaft-lines on
the head, immaculate dark brown back, deep rufous wings and tail, etc., etc., the
Madeira birds are exactly similar to the latter.

The geographical variation of C. trochilirostris not having been well understood
hitherto, I think, a few words about the conclusions arrived at by studying a large
amount of material may be welcome to ornithologists. The following races appear
to be easily recognizable :—

(a) C. trochilirostris trochilirostris (Licht.).
Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad. Berlin a. d. Jahren 1818-19. p. 207.
pl. iii, (1820.—in Brasiliae provincia Bahia” ; cf, lc. 1820-21. p. 263).
Hab. Kastern Brazil: Bahia (Sellow, Robert, etc.).
Characters. Back “ wood-brown” or “cinnamon-brown” (Ridgw. Nomencl. iii.
figs. 19, 20), with sharply defined buff or whitish shaft-stripes (never margined with
blackish); crown and nape darker “ wood-brown,” marked with large, rounded,
buff stripes, surrounded by a narrow blackish brown edge at the tip; ramp, upper
tail-coverts, wings, and tail clear cinnamon-rufous. Throat white, the feathers of
the lower portion narrowly fringed with brown; remainder of lower parts pale
‘‘ wood-” or “cinnamon-brown,” covered with broad, whitish or buff shaft-stripes,
laterally never edged with blackish ; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts uniform
immaculate pale brown. Bill clear red.
Wing 93—102 ; tail 82—90; bill 58—64 mm.
Material. Twenty specimens from Bahia, only one of them (¢ ad., Lamarao,
Bahia, A. Robert coll., No. 1549) sexed.

(4) C. trochilirostris venezuelensis (Chapm.).

Xiphorhynchus venezuelensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. p. 156 (1889.—Venezuela : types

Nos. 2246, 2247 Museum Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, ).

Hab. Venezuela: Caicara, Altagracia, on the Orinoco River (Cherrie), Puerto
Cabello (Starke, Mus. H. v. Berlepsch), Caracas (Goering), ete. North Brazil: Rio
Amajat, tributary of the Rio N egro, below Barcellos (Natterer).* Colombia :
Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon); Bogota collections, etc. Panama: Lion Hill
Station (McLeannan ; fide Chapman).

* X. trochilirostris Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. p. 44.—Pelzeln also registers Marabitanas and Barra do
Rio Negro, but these specimens are no longer to be found in the Vienna Museum.

( 332 )

Characters. This well-characterized form differs from the preceding one by its
longer bill; more heavily as well as more regularly striped throat ; darker, nearly
blackish crown ; considerably darker, olive-brown ground-colour of the back and
lower parts ; and deeper, chestnut-rufous wings and tail. Bill clear red.

Wing. Tail. Bill.
Three males from the Orinoco. ‘ : . 99—102 88—92 70—76 mm.
One imm. female from the Orinoco . . . 292 90 68 is
One adult from Remedios . ; : P = ae 94 — ‘5
Five adults from Bogoté . . . «~~ - «90-98 = 8090 64—73 ,,
One young male from Rio Amajai ‘ « 90 83 62 ‘s

Obs. Colombian birds agree well with those from Venezuela, except that the
brown of the under parts is, as a rule, slightly darker, and the rufous of wings and
tail rather deeper. These trifling differences, however, should be confirmed by a
larger series. Panama specimens I have not seen, but according to Mr. Chapman
they are referable to the present race. The single young bird from the Rio Amajau
is much more rufous brown on the lower parts than any other specimen in hand,
though in other respects it agrees perfectly with venezuelensis. Its bill is
apparently not full-grown.

(c) C. trochilirostris procurvoides (Lafr.).

Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne (Lafr.), Ipousin, Rio Approuague (Cherrie).
British Guiana : Bartica Grove, Camacusa, River Carimang (Whitely), Mazaruni
River (Quelch), ete. North Brazil: Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

Characters. Above deep “ raw umber” (Ridgw. iii. 14), crown and nape with
very narrow, buff shaft-lines or small elongated spots; back either wholly
immaculate or with a few hair-like, buff lines on the uppermost portion ; rufous of
rump, wings, and tail even deeper than in venezuelensis. Throat strongly varied
with deep brown ; remainder of lower parts dark raw umber ; foreneck and breast
with narrow, buff shaft-streaks, not or slightly edged laterally with dusky. Bill
considerably darker red than in (a) and (4).

Wing. _—‘Tail. Bill.
One female, Ipousin, Cayenne : . <8 84 60 mm.
Four adults, British Guiana . , ‘ ‘ . 92—94 88 61—64 ..,,
One adult male, Borba . | ‘ , ; ~ 92 84 61 ef
Two adult females, Borba. ; : ‘ . 92,94 86,92 60,62. 4,
One young male, Borba : : : ‘ . 88 84 52

”
Obs. This strongly characterized race cannot be confused with any other.

Its deep brown coloration, with the pale markings much restricted, and the dark

red bill distinguish it at a glance. Judging from the variation shown by the series

from British Guiana, I should say that X. dorsoimmaculatus Chapm.* is not
separable from C. ¢. procurvoides.-

(d) C. trochilirostris thoracicus (Scl.).

eer ie thoracicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1860. p. 277 (1860.—Babahoyo, 8.W.
cuador),.

Hab. Western Ecuador : Babahoyo, Esmeralda (Fraser), Chimbo (Siemiradzki),

Yaguachi (Stolzmann), 8. Javier, Paramba, Pambilir (Miketta & Flemming).
N.W. Peru: Lechugal (Jelski).

* Bull. Amer, Mus. N. Y. ii. p. 159 (1889. ~Cayenne 2),

( 333 )

Characters. In general coloration not unlike C. ¢. venezuelensis, of Colombia,
ete., but easily recognizable by the buff shaft-streaks of the crown, mantle, foreneck,
and breast being laterally very distinctly edged with blackish,

Wing. Tail. Bill.
Three adult males from W. Ecuador . ; - 100—102 93—99 68—72 mm.
Three females from W. Ecuador i ; - 92—95 87-92 65—68

”

(e) C. trochilirostris lafresnayanus (D’Orb.).

Dendrocolaptes lafresnayanus D'Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux p. 368. pl. 53. fig 2 (1847,—“ Nous I’

avons
rencontrée dans les iles du rio Parana, prés de Goya, au 29° degré de latitude.

Nous l’avons

retrouvée ensuite dans la province de Chiquitos (Bolivie). . . ."—The latter locality fixed as
t, typica,* ;

Xiphorhynchus rufo-dorsalis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.Y. ii. p. 160 (1889.—Corumbé, 8.W.
Mattogrosso).

Hab. HK. Bolivia: Chiquitos (D’Orbigny). Western Mattogrosso: Cuyaba
(Natterer), Coramba (Smith, Borelli), Uructim, Carandasinho (Borelli t). Argentine,
Parand: Goya (D’Orbigny), Ocampo (Venturi).

Characters. Nearest to C. t. trochilirostris, but easily recognizable by its larger
size, much longer bill, and different coloration. The back is rich ferraginons, of
nearly the same colour as the rump and tail, and the under parts are bright tawny
ochraceous. The light markings above and below are arranged in a similar way
to those of C. ¢. trochilirostris. Bill of the same clear red.

Wing. Tail. Bill.
Three adult males from Cayaba . : » 108—112 95—105 75—78 mm.
Three adult females from Cayaba : - 103—107 90—95 73—80 ,,
One adult (the type) from Chiquitos . aie 95 73 ‘i

Two young males from East Bolivia . - 102,110 84,923 64 :
Three males from Ocampo, Argentine . . 111—118 102—105 95—100 -
Two females from Ocampo . ; ‘ . 102, 106 95,96 84, 95

|
’
”
Obs. Mr. Chapman separated a single unsexed specimen from Coramba
(Mattogrosso), on account of its larger size and fulvous colonr of the longitudinal
markings, from the Bolivian lafresnayanus. With six skins from Mattogrosso
(rufodorsalis) and three of the latter before me, I fail to see the slightest difference
between the two series. The former are certainly not larger, as is evident from the
table of measnrements given above, and the colour of the pale markings on the
_head and under parts is subject to seasonal variation. This is well illustrated by
the Cuyaba series : in a freshly moulted adult female (June 13) they are bright buff,
while two specimens in worn plumage have them nearly whitish. On the other
hand, the examples from Ocampo have decidedly longer bills, though in coloration
they are not different. |

[193. Deconychura stictolaema (Pelz.).
Sittasomus stictolaemus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i. p. 59 (1867.—Borba) ; cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zoot.
xiv. p. 368 (crit.).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
The type of this very distinct species still remains unique in the Vienna
Museum. About its affinities see my remarks /.c.]

* The marked type in the Paci Museum is from Chiquitos.
{ Salvadori, Boll, Mus. Torino xv. No, 378. 1900. p. 8.

( 334 )
194. Deconychura longicauda (Pelz.).
Dendrocincla longicauda Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i. p. 60 (1867.—Borba ; Marabitanas and Barra,
Rio Negro).
Deconychura longicauda Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 367, 368 (Borba).
No. 162. $ ad., Calama, 3. vii. 1907. “Tris dark brown, feet blaish black,
bill black, below greyish.”—Wing 97 ; tail 94; bill 234 mm.
Slightly smaller than Pelzeln’s original examples in the Vienna Museum, bat
perfectly similar in coloration. The latter measure as follows :—
Wing. Tail. Bill.
1, No. 15907. ¢ ad., Borba, December 29,1829. Type
of species . : E : = 807 107 27 mm.
2. No. 15906. ¢ ad., Barra, May 6, 1833 ; eee iii 113 -S iaagire
3. No. 15904. ¢ ad., Marabitanas, February 28, 1831. 104 102 264 ,,
4, No. 15905. —ad., Barra, May 4, 1833. : eee 4). 106 a

{195. Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Vieill.).

Dendrocopus fuliginosus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxvi. p. 117 (1818.—ex Levaillant: Cayenne); cf
Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Mém. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. Autun xix. 1906. p. 119 (crit.).

Dendrocincla fumigata Pelzeln, l.c. p. 42 (Borba),

D. fuliginosa Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 368 (Humaytha).

Humaytha (Hoffmanns), Borba (Natterer).

I have examined Natterer’s two skins from Borba, and found them to agree
with others from Cayenne (cf. Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 280). Mr. Oberholser *
gives the range of D. fuliginosa as: “ Lower Amazonia, south to Bahia, north
to British Guiana”; but I suppose “ Bahia” is a pen-slip for Para, this being
the most southerly established locality on the Brazilian east coast. I have seen
specimens from the following localities: Cayenne, French Guiana (the type in the
Paris Museum ; a second example in Vienna); Roraima, R. Rupununi (H. Whitely ;
Mas. Berlepsch and Tring); Mandos (Natterer); Diamantina, Tapajéz (topotype of
D. rufo-olivacea Ridgw.: U.S. Mus. Wash.); Par& (Natterer, Wallace, Steere,
Robert, etc.); Borba (Natterer); Humaytha (Hoffmanns). There is considerable
individual variation in the series, but 1 am unable to make ont any geographical
races. |

196. Dendrocincla merula (Licht.).

Dendrocolaptes Merula Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad. Berlin a, d. Jahren 1818-19. p. 208 (1820.—
Cayenne: Mus, Berlin).
Dendrocincla merula Pelzeln, i.c. p. 42 (Borba, Salto Theotonio) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 369

(Humaytha).

Nos. 290, 303. d ad., d imm., Calama, 29, 30. vii. 1907.—Wing 104; tail
87, 89; bill 26 mm.

Nos. 63, 233. ¢? ad., Calama, 17. vi., 15. vii. 1907—W ing 99, 100; tail 82 ;
bill 24 mm,

“ Tris grey or greyish brows, feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey.”

The three adult birds have the lower mandible except the tomiae pale yellow,
while in the immature male it is mainly dusky. The Calama series is decidedly
larger and darker than a single unsexed Cayenne specimen (S. Laurent-du-Maroni,
Le Moult coll, Munich Museum). However, several examples from Pard, Caura,

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philad. 1904. p. 453,

( 335 )
etc. agree in the small size with the latter, and the intensity of coloration is subject
to much individual variation (ef. Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p- 281).

D. merula is easily distinguishable among its aftines by its dark general
coloration, by the large whitish patch on the throat, and especially by having the
median and greater wing-coverts chestnut-rufous like the remiges, It is widely
distributed in Amazonia, being found in Cayenne, British Guiana, on the Orinoco
and its tributary the Caura, on the Rio Negro, on the Amazons and its affluents
from Para to the Ucayali.*

197. Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hellm.

Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hellmayr, Bull. B.O.C. xxiii. p. 66 (1909.—Calama, Allianca: Rio
Madeira).

No. 128. g ad., Calama, 29. vi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet plumbeoas, bill
grey.” —Wing 140; tail 120; bill 37 mm. Type of species.

No. 234. ? ad., Calama, 15. vii. 1907. “Tris light grey, feet and bill grey.”—
Wing 141; tail 132; bill 35 mm. :

No. 763. % juv., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907. “ Iris brown, feet dark grey, bill
black.” —Wing 132 ; tail 114 ; bill 36 mm.

3 ad. Top of the head dull ruafescent brown, each feather with a hair-like buff
shaft-line, and a very distinct, blackish apical margin; crown and occiput strongly
tinged with cinnamomeous ; nape and upper back uniform rufescent brown, most
of the feathers with a hair-like buff shaft-line ; rump and upper tail-coverts deep
cinnamon-rafous. Upper wing-coverts uniform brown like the back, those of the
greater series tinged with rufous on the inner web. Remiges deep cinnamon-
rufous, the outer primaries dusky at the tip and slightly edged with olivaceous
along outer web. Rectrices deep cinnamon-rnfous, with the shafts nearly blackish.
Lores grey, with pale shaft-lines. Cheeks, auricular and temporal regions baff,
the feathers edged with brown or blackish ; above the eye @ narrow line of buff
spots, edged with dark brown ; sides of the neck dull olive-brown, narrowly streaked
with buff. Chin dingy greyish buff; throat and foreneck dull olive-brown,
each feather with a very distinct (about 1 mm. wide) longitudinal streak of buff,
bordered laterally by an irregular dusky line, or by a number of rather indistinct
dusky dots ; remainder of lower parts dull ochreous brown, each feather crossed
by three very distinct, though narrow, dusky lines. Avxillaries, under wing-coverts,
and edge of the wing orange-buff, regularly barred with dusky. Bill: upper
mandible blackish, lower one horn-colour, dingy yellowish at the base.

The female differs by having fewer or no pale shaft-lines on the upper back,
and by the markings of the throat and foreneck being less clearly defined. The
young bird is rather more reddish on the back and more ochreous on the belly than
the adults.

This new species belongs undoubtedly to the group of D. pallescens Pelz.t
and D. plagosus Salv. & Godm.+; it is, however, quite distinct from either of them.
With the former it agrees notably in the uniform (not cross-banded) back and
upper wing-coverts, as well as in the pattern of the pileum, ete. ; but D. pallescens
has no cinnamomeons tinge about the head, the blackish apical edges are much
less conspicuous and nearly obsolete on the hind-crown, while the much broader

* Sarayacu, Castelnau coll. in Paris Museum.
Tt Zur Orn. Bras. i. pp. 43, 61 (1867.—Estiva and Engenho do Gama, Western Mattogrosso).

+ Ibis 1883, p. 210 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).

( 336)

buff shaft-lines of the throat and foreneck extend also over the chest, etc. More-
over, the bill is somewhat flatter, less compressed terminally, and paler in coloar,
being mostly horny whitish. D. plagosus shares with D. hoffmannsi the shape
and colour of the bill, but differs widely in coloration. The pileum is clear olive-
brown with broad, bnffish shaft-stripes, which are, laterally and terminally,
bordered with blackish; the back, lesser and median wing-coverts show more or
less distinct dusky cross-lines ; the buff throat-feathers have, on each side, several
marginal spots of dusky; finally, the chest, breast, and abdomen are much more
broadly and more regularly banded with blackish.

[198. Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor Pelz.

|Picus Certhia Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 38 (1783.—based on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 621; “ Le

Picucule, de Cayenne ’’). |
Dendrocolaptes concolor Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. pp. 43, 62 (1867.—Villa Bella de Matogrosso ;

Salto do Girao and Borba),

Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao, Borba (Natterer), Not obtained by Mr.
Hoffmanns.

The typical series, kindly lent by Dr. von Lorenz, differ from a very large suite
of D. c. certhia, from North Brazil, Cayenne, Guiana, and Venezuela, by lacking
the dusky cross-bands on the back and upper wing-coverts; the under parts are
nearly nniform ochreous brown, with but a few obsolete cross-lines in the middle
of the abdomen; the feathers of the pileum pale olive-brown, indistinctly edged
with dusky at the tip, while in ). c. certhia they are alternately banded with
olive-brown and blackish. The bill is dark red, as in D. c. certhia,

On the Tapajéz a nearly allied form, D. c. ridgwayi Hellm.,* is met with.
It has lately been rediscovered at Villa Braga and Itaittiiba, on the left bank of
that river.T]

199. Cymbilanius lineatus lineatus (Leach).

Lanius lineatus Leach, Zoolog. Misc. i. pl. vi. p. 20 (1814.—Berbice, British Guiana),
Cymbilanius lineatus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. p. 74 (Borba).
C. 1. lineatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 368 (Humaytha, Paraiso, Borba).

Nos, 331, 397. dd ad., Calama, 5, 15. viii. 1907.—Wing 73, 74; tail 68, 70;
bill 22 mm.

No, 794. ¢ ad., Allianca, 19. xi. 1907.—Wing 75; tail 70; bill 22 mm.

No. 765. $ ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.—Wing 76 ; tail 69; bill 22 mm.

“Tris red, feet plambeous or blackish, bill black, below grey.”

Identical with Cayenne skins. Distributed all over the great Amazonian
forest region from Cayenne and Guiana to the eastern slopes of the Andes. In
N.W. Ecuador, Western Colombia, and southern Central America it is replaced by
a closely allied race, C. lineatus fasciatus Ridgw.

200. Thamnophilus major borbae Pelz.

[ Thamnophilus major Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. iii. p. 313 (1816. —ex Azara: Paraguay). ]
Thamnophilus borbae Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 140 (1868.—Borba).
| T. major borbae Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 369 (Humaytha, Borba).

No, 395. ¢ ad., Calama, 10, viii. 1907,—Wing 90 ; tail 72 ; bill 234 mm.
No. 539. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 12. ix. 1907.—Wing 93 ; tail 77; bill 25 mm.

* Nov. Zool. xii. p. 282 (1905.—Diamantina, Santarem),
Tt D. concolor ridgwayi Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 509,

( 337 )

Nos. 743, 793, 538. ?¢, Calama, 1. xi. 1907; Allianca, 19. xi: 1907; Jamary-
sinho, 12, ix. 1907.—Wing 87—92 ; tail 71—74; bill 24—25 mm.

“ Tris red, feet plumbeous, bill black.”

The males have rather more white in the tail than a series from Borba and
Humaytha, the two (in No. 395 the three) outer rectrices of each side showing a
distinct white apical margin and several white spots or bands on their inner web.
They form the transition to T. m. semifasciatus (Cab.), in which, however, the
white markings are more numerous (about eight to ten on each feather) and much
more regular. A specimen from Itaitiba, left bank of the Tapajoz (cf. Nov. Zool.
xiv. p. 16), is intermediate between semifasciatus (from Pard, Guiana, etc.) and the
examples from the Rio Machados. :

T. m. borbae inhabits both banks of the Rio Madeira, but is not known to
occur elsewhere.

(201. Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii Pelz.
Thamnophilus tschudit Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 141 (1868,—Borba, Rio Madeira).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Not obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns. ,

Occurs also on the Peruvian Amazons (Iquitos, Nauta), whence I have seen
specimens in the British Museum and in Count Berlepsch’s collection.

T. nigrocinereus, T. cinereoniger, T. huberi, and T. tschudii are mere
geographical representatives of the same type, bence more properly designated by
trinomials. The last-named form is slightly more differentiated than the three
others, yet sufficient evidence of intergradation is furnished by a series of adult
males as shown below. In the following lines a condensed review of the dis-
tinguishing characters, together with the principal synonymy and a short account
of the range of the four races, is given, which, it is hoped, may aid naturalists in the
determination of these scarce birds.

(a) T. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus Scl.

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxiii. 1855. p. 19. pl. Ixxxi (1855.—
Para) ; Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867. p. 575 (Rio Tocantins, Mexiana) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds
Brit, Mus. xv. p. 194 (Lower Amazons) ; Hagmann, Zoolog. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., etc. xxvi. 1907.
p. 33 (Mexiana) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 283 (Mexiana, Marajé, Pard).

T. cinereoniger (errore! nec Pelz.) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 283 (Marajé, Monte
Alegre).

Hab, N.E. Brazil: Pard (Snethlage, etc.), Rio Tocantins (Wallace), Mexiana
(Wallace, Hagmann), Marajé (Snethlage), Monte Alegre (Snethlage).

3 ad. Pileum, mantle, sides of head, throat, and foreneck sooty black, the
pileam somewhat glossy ; feathers of upper back largely white at base, some of
them with slaty margins; lower back and ramp slate-grey, abruptly contrasted
with black of mantle ; upper tail-coverts black with narrow white apical edges ;
upper wing-coverts black, each feather with a distinct white apical margin.
Remiges and rectrices black, narrowly edged with white, the former exteriorly, the
latter at the tip. Breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts clear slate-grey.

Wing 78—82 ; tail 58—62 mm. ee j

_ $ ad. Pileum dail sooty blackish, most of the feathers indistinctly edged with
slate-grey ; back pale rufescent olive-brown; feathers of upper back extensively

White at base; wing-coverts dusky with cinnamon-brown margins; remiges

and rectrices dusky, slightly edged with rafescent brown, the outer —

( 338 )

sometimes with a narrow, rusty buff apical margin. Lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts
dull dark slate-grey. Lower parts clear ferruginous, throat palest, foreneck and
breast darkest, flanks tinged with brownish.

Wing 77—80 ; tail 60—64 mm.

Obs. Miss Snethlage (Jc. pp. 283-4) records both 7. nigrocinereus and
T. cinereoniger from Marajé (S. Natal) and Monte Alegre, under the erroneous —
supposition that the specimens without the white mark on the outer web of the
external rectrix represent the former “species.” At my request, the learned lady
sent me some of these examples. I found that the presence or absence of the
white spot was a purely individual character, and that all skins from Lower
Amazonia (except those obtained on the Tapajéz) were unquestionably referable to
nigrocinereus, having the head all round, foreneck and mantle black, ete.

(6) T. nigrocinereus: huberi Snethlage.

Thamnophilus huberi Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 161 (1907.—Ilha de Goyana, Rio Tapajéz) ;
eadem, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 509 (Goyana). ;

T. cinereoniger (nec Pelzeln) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii. 1868. p. 76 (part. : Tapajéz).

T. nigrocinereus (nec Sclater) Chapman & Riker, Auk 1891. p. 28 (Santarem).

Hab. Lower Amazonia, Rio Tapajéz: Santarem (Natterer, Smith), Ilha de
Goyana (Snethlage).

g ad. Agrees with the preceding form in having the top and sides of the head
as well as the mantle black, the latter conspicuously contrasted with the slate-grey
of the ramp, but the throat is slate-grey like the rest of the under surface, and the
under tail-coverts are broadly tipped with white.

Type: wing 82 ; tail 67 mm.

? ad. Differs from T. n. nigrocinereus by its darker, deep sooty black, slightly
glossy pileum, deeper grey sides of the head, and by having the edges to the upper
wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices much darker rafous brown.

Wing 784—80 ; tail 62—64 mm.

Obs, The female type of 7. hubert is considerably darker cinnamon-rufous
below than either T. ». nigrocinereus or T. n. cinereoniger, but a second specimen
from the Tapajéz (coll. Natterer) does not differ in that respect from its allies.
Otherwise it is practically identical with the Goyana female. I am greatly indebted
to Miss Snethlage for the loan of the typical examples.

(c) 1. nigrocinereus cinereoniger Pelz.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 76, 143 (1868.—near Airaéo, Marabitanas,
Rio Vaupé, R. Amajad : Rio Negro); Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902, p. 69
(Munduapo, Maipures, Altagracia ; Upper Orinoco, Venezuela).

Hab. N.W. Brazil, Rio Negro district: Airio, Marabitanas, Rio Vaupé,
Rio Amajai (Natterer). Venezuela, Upper Orinoco: Munduapo, Maipures,
Altagracia (Cherrie).

3 ad. Differs from the preceding races by having the cap decidedly daller
blackish ; the mantle mainly sooty grey, clouded with dusky ; the sides of the head

dark grey (not blackish); the lower parts of a clearer slate-grey. Under tail-coverts
tipped with white as in 7. x. huberi.

Wing 78—81 ; tail 60—64 mm.
? ad. Agrees with 7. x. nigrocinereus in the colour of the top and sides

( 339 )

of the head, but the back is darker rufescent; brown, and wings and tail are
more like 7. x. huberi, though the coloration of these parts is rather variable,

Wing 75—80 ; tail 58—63 mm.

Obs. Specimens from the Orinoco (fourteen examined) agree perfectly with the
typical series in the Vienna Museum.

(d) T. nigrocinereus tschudii Pelz.

Thamnophilus tschudii Pelzeln, I.c. pp. 76, 141 (1868.—Borba, Rio Madeira) ; Sclater, Cat. Birds
Brit, Mus, xv. p. 191 (Borba ; Iquitos, N. Peru).

Hab. North Brazil: Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer). North Peru: Iquitos
(H. Whitely), Nauta (Hauxwell).

3 ad. Differs from all the preceding races by having the whole back from the
forehead to the ramp uniform black. White dorsal patch, wings and tail as in its
allies. The coloration of the under parts is rather variable, as shown by a series
from Borba in the Vienna Museum. Two have the throat only black, the rest of
the belly slate-grey, exactly as in 7. . nigrocinereus, though the abdomen is slightly
darker ; in two others throat and foreneck are black, breast and abdomen sooty
blackish, while the fifth specimen has all the lower surface uniform deep black.

Wing 79—82 ; tail 62—65 mm.

? ad. Cap deep sooty black as in 7. x. huberi, but the sides of the head and
the throat are sooty blackish, the breast and abdomen dark rufous brown, wings
and tail considerably darker, and the back is chestnut-brown.

Wing 75—77 ; tail 59—60 mm.

Obs. An adult male from Nauta (Hauxwell coll., September 9, 1880; Mus.
H. v. Berlepsch) agrees well with those from Borba. ]

(202. Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus Pelz.
Cf, Nov, Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 369 (Humaytha).
Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns). |

203. Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger Pelz.

[Thamnophilus aethiops Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxvi, 1858, p. 65 (1858.—-Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador). |
T. punctuliger Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 146 (1868,—Borba, Rio Madeira).

No. 346. 3 ad., Calama, 7. viii. 1907.—Wing 76; tail 61; bill 19 mm.

Nos. 106, 289, 333, 455. $9, Calama, 25. vi., 29. vii., 5, 26. viii. 1907.— Wing
72—76 ; tail 56—61; bill 18—19 mm.

No. 792. ? ad., Allianca, 19. xi. 1907.—Wing 75 ; tail 58 ; bill 19 mm.

No. 964, @ ad., Marnins, 30. vi. 1908.—Wing 73} ; tail 59; bill 18 mm.

The adult male is identical with Pelzeln’s type in the Vienna Museum. Both
have a distinct, concealed, white interscapular patch, and the lesser and median
upper wing-coverts conspicuously tipped with white, while those of the greater series
are either uniform dusky or show but slight traces of apical spots.

The females, the first on record, are very similar to those of 7. a. polionotus,
but the sides of the head as well as the throat are rather lighter ferraginous, and
the belly is somewhat paler. Some come very near 7. a. tncertus, while the
one from Marnuins, the darkest of all, is scarcely distinguishable from polionotus.

T. aethiops, T. juruanus, T. polionotus, T. punctuliger, and 7’. incertus are

( 340.)

evidently geographical races of the same ‘“ Formenkreis.” The males differ from
each other only in intensity of coloration and in the amount of white spotting, and
the females are even less different.

Their ranges and characters may be summarized as follows :—

(a) T. aethiops aethiops Sel.

Thamnophilus aethiops Sclater, P.Z.S. Lond. xxvi. p. 65 (1858.—Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador) ;
Le. p. 457 (Zamora) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 190 (Eastern Ecuador) ; Salvadori & Festa,
Boll. Mus. Torino xiv. No. 362. 1899. p. 27 (Zamora) ; Goodfellow, [bis 1902. p. 64 (Coca, Rio

Napo).

Hab. Eastern Ecuador : Coca, Upper Napo (Goodfellow), Sarayagu (Buckley),
Zamora (Fraser, Festa).

3 ad. Deep black with slight gloss ; bend and edge of the wing and under
wing-coverts speckled with white.

Wing 74; tail 60 mm.

? ad. Upper parts deep chestnut-brown ; rectrices blackish edged with deep
chestnut. Sides of head like the back, under parts somewhat lighter chestnut.
Axillaries orange, quill-lining pale rufous buff.

Wing 74—76 ; tail 60—64 mm.

(6) T. aethiops polionotus Pelz.

T. polionotus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, p. 147 (1868.—Marabitanas, Barcellos, Rio Negro).

T. tristis Sclater & Salvin, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 160 (1873.—Oyapoc, Cayenne) ; Hellmayr, Nov.
ool. xiii. 1906, p. 338 (crit.),

T. sp, inc. Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 69 (La Pricion, Nicare, Venezuela).

Hab. Venezuela: Nicare, La Pricion, Caura River. French Guiana: Oyapoc.
North Brazil : Marabitanas, Barcellos, on the Rio Negro (Natterer), Humaytha, left
bank of Madeira (Hoffmanns).

3 ad. General colour plumbeons, cap blackish ; bend of the wing spotted with
white, all the upper wing-coverts with well-defined white apical spots.

Wing 73—76 ; tail 59—61 mm.

? ad. General colour paler, more rafous brown than in 7. a. aethiops, and tail
also rafous brown (instead of blackish).

Wing 72—75; tail 58—64 mm.

Obs. For synonymy cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. pp. 338-9. The male from Humaytha

is slightly paler plumbeous than those from Marabitanas, Oyapoc, and Caura, but —
does not otherwise differ.

(ce) T. aethiops juruanus Thering.
Thumnophilus juruanus Thering, Rev. Mus. Paul. vi. 1904. p. 439. pl. xvi. fig. 1 (1905.—Rio Juru4) ;
Snethlage, Journ, f. Orn, 1908. p. 15 (Monte Verde, Rio Puris).

Hab. West Brazil-: Rio Jurad (Garbe); Monte Verde, on the River Puris
(Snethlage).
3 ad. Exactly like the preceding form, bat median and greater wing-coverts

uniform blackish (not tipped with white), and general coloration rather clearer
plumbeons.

Wing 75—79 ; tail 61—63 mm.
?; Unknown.
Obs. T. a. juruanus has, like T. a. polionotus, the cap blackish, small white

( 341 )

spots on the lesser wing-coverts, and the bend of the wing speckled with white. in
addition to the two typical specimens, I have examined an adult male obtained on
the Rio Purts and belonging to the Museu Goeldi, Para.

(¢d) T. aethiops punctuliger Pelz.

Thamnophilus punctuliger Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 146 (1868.—Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov.
Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 339 (crit.) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908, p. 509 (Villa Braga), -

Hab. North Brazil : Borba (Natterer), Calama, Allianca, Maruins (Hoffmanns),
right bank of the Rio Madeira; Villa Braga, left bank of the R. Tapajéz
(Snethlage). |

3 ad. Agrees with 7. a. juruanus in the clear plumbeous general coloration
and blackish cap, but the median (as well as lesser) wing-coverts have white apical
spots, and there is a distinct white interscapular patch. :

Wing 76, 77; tail 60, 61 mm.

? ad. Very similar to 7. a. polionotus, but averaging lighter.

Wing 72—76 ; .tail 56—61 (see above).

(e) T. aethiops incertus Pelz.

Thamnophilus incertus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, p. 149 (1868.—Paré), deser. orig. 9; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool, xiii. 1906. p. 367 (Prata, Para).

Dysithamnus incertus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 284 (crit. ; Igarapé-Assti, Pard).

Thamnophilus simplex Sclater, 1bis 1873. p. 387. pl. 15, descr. orig. J 9 (Pard) ; Sclater & Salvin,
P.Z.8. Lond. 1878. p. 139 (Vigia, Para); Snethlage, Journ. 7. Orn. 1907. p. 283 (Pard,
8. Antonio do Prata, Resacca [Rio Capim], Sta. Maria de S. Miquel [Rio Guam4] ).

T’. polionotus ? Snethlage, Journ, f. Orn. 1907. p. 284 (Para, Rio Capim).

Hab. N.B. Brazil, Pard District: Par&é (Layard, Natterer, etc.), Vigia (Steere),
8. Antonio do Prata = Igarapé-Assti (Robert, Hoffmanns, Snethlage), Resacca, on
the R. Capim (Snethlage), Sta. Maria de 8. Miquel, on the Rio Guama (Snethlage).

3 ad. Differs from the preceding races by its lighter, slate-grey coloration,
and by lacking the blackish cap and the white apical spots to the upper wing-
coverts, only the bend of the wing being freckled with white. Wings and tail are
shorter,

Wing 68—73 ; tail 55—60 mm.

? ad. Differs from T. a. polionotus and T. a. punctuliger by having the back
paler rufous brown, the sides of the head and throat clearer ferruginous, and the
belly of a paler tint, varying from ochraceous to falvous.

Wing 66—71 ; tail 55—61 mm.

Obs. I have examined the two females named 7. polionotus? by Miss Snethlage
and found them identical with Pelzeln’s type.

204. Thamnophilus amazonicus Scl.
Thamnophilus amazonicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxvi. 1858. p. 214. pl. 139. figs. 1, 2 (1858.—
“Upper Amazons”) ; Pelzeln, J.c. p. 77 (Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Engenho do
Gama, Rio Guaporé) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p, 370 (Borba).

No. 656. ¢ ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 9. x. 1907.—Wing 72; tail 62; bill
173 mm. :

No. 620. ¢ ad., S. Isabel, 4. x. 1907.—Wing 68; tail 58 mm.

Nos. 244, 513. 29 ad., Calama, 19. vii. 5, ix, 1907.—Wing 69 ; tail 59, 56} ;
bill 164, 17 mm.

( 342 )

No. 911. ? ad., Marnins, 7. vi. 1908.— Wing 68; tail 574 ; bill 17} mm.
“Tris brown, feet plumbeous, bill black.”
Agreeing well with examples from Pard and Maranhao. TJ. amazonieus and
T. cinereiceps Pelz.,* from the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro, are so very nearly
allied (the females differ merely in size) that one would naturally expect them to be
geographical representatives, but both are said to occur in French Guiana.t All the
examples I have examined from this country were, however, clearly referable to
T. amazonicus, and the record of 7. cinereiceps appears to be open to doubt.

205. Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus Berl.

{Lanius doliatus Linnaeus, Mus. Adolphi Frid. II. Prodrom. p. 12 (1764.—loc, ign. ; we substitute
Surinam).]
Thamnophilus subradiatus Berlepsch, Journ, f. Orn. 1887. p. 17 (Upper Amazonia: the type in Mus.
H. v. B. is from Iquitos, N.E. Peru).
T. doliatus subradiatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 370 (Humaytha).
No. 430. ¢ ad., Calama, 19. viii. 1907.—Wing 74 ; tail 65 ; bill 19 mm.
No. 820. ¢ juv., Marmellos, 17. xii. 1907.
Nos. 621, 670. $2 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4, 16. x. 1907.— Wing 71, 74 ;
tail 58, 60; bill 184, 19 mm.
“Tris yellowish white or pale yellow, feet light plumbeous, bill black (3),
dark grey ($).”
This form ranges from Northern Peru through Western Brazil to the Rio
Madeira, where it is found on both sides.

206. Dysithamnus schistaceus schistaceus (D’Orb.).

Thamnophilus schistaceus D’Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux p. 170 (1838.—Yuracarés, Bolivia); Pelzeln,

Zur Orn. Bras. ii, 1868. p. 77 (Salto do Girao, Borba).

Dysithamnus s. schistaceus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 370 (Humaytha, Borba).
D. capitalis (nec Sclater) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 510 (Villa Braga, Tapajéz— 9, examined
by me).

Nos. 22, 41, 52,199. dd ad., Calama, 11, 14, 16. vi, 10. vii. 1907.—Wing
62—65 ; tail 51—54 ; bill 16—17 mm.

No. 353. ¢ imm., Calama, 8. viii. 1907.— Wing 63; tail 55; bill 17 mm.

Nos. 634, 714. dd ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 7, 17. x. 1907—Wing 65, 62;
tail 54, 50; bill 17 mm.

No. 871. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 26. xii. 1907.—Wing 63; tail 50; bill 17 mm.

No. 633. ? ad., 8. Isabel, 7. x. 1907.—Wing 64; tail 54; bill 164 mm.

No. 1053. ? ad. Maruins, Machados, 22. vii. 1908.—Wing 65; tail 55; bill
17 mm.

“ Tris red, feet plumbeous, bill black, below grey.”

The series agrees with specimens from the Rio Puris and Tapajéz. Some of
the adult males are uniform cinereous below, others have the middle of the belly
variegated with whitish. In most of them the pileam is uniform slate-grey ; but
two specimens (Nos. 22, 52) approach the newly described D. capitalis squamosus
Snethl.,¢ from the left bank of the Tocantins, in having the feathers of the cap
distinctly ceutred with black, though to a lesser degree than in the type kindly lent
by Miss Snethlage. This form is, of course, more nearly related to D. s. schistaceus

* Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 145 (1868.—Marabitanas and Rio Uaupé, Rio Negro).

¢ CE. Cat. Birds Brit, Mus. xv. pp. 199, 201.
t Ornith. Monatster. xv. Oct. 1907. p. 162 (Alcobaga, left bank of Tocantins).

‘

( 343 )

than to D. s. capitalis, and should be called D. schistaceus squamosus Snethl. if
really distinct. The female is not distinguishable from schistaceus. See also
Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 61-3, where a review of these birds is given,

A nest containing two eggs was taken at 8. Isabel, together with the parent
bird (No. 633), on October 7, 1907. It is a small, loose structure of dry leaves,
roots, and stems of various plants, withont a particularly soft lining, fastened on
a forked branch like an oriole’s nest (Oriolus galbula). The eggs, which resemble
those of the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio), are creamy white, mottled and
blotched with chocolate and underlying pale lavender, the chocolate markings being
crowded around the thicker end. The eggs measure 21 x 15, 20 x 154 mm.

(207. Dysithamnus murinus (Scl. & Salv.).

Thamnophilus murinus (Natterer MS.) Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867. p. 756 (1867.—
Cayenne ; Marabitanas and Barra do Rio Negro ; Xeberos.—We accept Barra do Rio Negro
as typical locality).

Dysithamnus murinus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 371 (Humaytha),

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns),]

208. Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (Pelz.).

[Dysithamnus ardesiacus Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867. p. 756 (1867.—based on
T. schistaceus (nec D’Orbigny) Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858. pp. 66,.222.—Rio Napo, Eastern
Ecuador). ]

Thamnophilus saturninus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, ii. p. 147 (1868.—Borba fixed as typ. habitat ;
ef. Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien liii. 1903. p. 216).
D. a. saturninus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 371 (Borba).

Nos. 51, 370. $d vix ad., Calama, 16. vi. 11. viii. 1907.—Wing 72, 76; tail
57, 59; bill 17, 18 mm. |

No. 984. ¢ vix ad., Maruins, 9. vii. 1908.—Wing 73; tail 55; bill 17 mm.

No. 786. ¢ juv., Allianca, 14. xi, 1907.—Wing 74; tail 58 ; bill 17} mm.

Nos. 279, 356. ¢%, Calama, 27. vii, 8. viii. 1907—Wing 77, 79; tail 57, 63;
bill 19 mm.

“Tris brown or grey, feet plambeous (black), bill black.”

The males have the throat and middle of the foreneck deep black. The outer
rectrices are conspicuously edged with white at the tip. Some have scarcely more
white at the base of the interscapular feathers than examples from British Guiana,
Venezuela, etc., but average slightly larger with longer tail. Cf. my remarks in Nov.
Zool. xiv. p. 371, and in Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien liii, 1903. pp. 216-7.

209. Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellm.

[Muscicapa caesia Temminck, Ree: Pl. col, livr. 3, tab, 17. figs, 1, 2 (October 1820—South-East
Brazil ; cf. Nov. Zool. xii, p, 285).] : a :
Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellmayr, Nov, Zool, xiv. p, 64 (1907.—Teffé, Rio Solimées) ; idem,
Lc. p. 371 (Humaytha). : :

T. caesius (nec Temminck), Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. 1868. p. 80 (Salto do Girao) ; Ihering,
Revist. Mus. Paulist. vi, 1905, p. 440 (Rio Jurud). : ’

T. caesius glaucus (nec Cabanis) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, 1907. p. 17 (Itaituba, Rio Tapajéz—

?, examined by me), : :
T. caesius pinaiccd ae Hellmayr) Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa
Braga : Rio Tapajéz) ; eadem, /.c. p. 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins).

Nos. 193, 361. oo ad., Calama, 8. vii., 9. viii. 1907. “Iris brown or greyish
brown, feet and bill black.” — Wing 74, 71; tail 64, 65; bill 164, 17 mm.

( 344 )

No. 1071. 9 ad., Calama, 10. ix. 1908. “Iris brown.”—Wing 72; tail 63;
bill 17 mm.

No. 1049. ¢ ad., Maruins, Machados, 22. vii. 1908. “Iris brown.”—Wing 70 ;
tail 61; bill 16 mm.

The males agree in every way with those from Teffé and Humaytha. All have
the under wing-coverts and the quill-lining broadly white; in none is there any
white at the base of the interscapular feathers. The female differs slightly from
Venezuelan specimens of 7. c. glaucus by having the throat rather browner and
mixed with deep buff, and the under mandible brown instead of whitish. Breast
and abdomen, too, are a shade deeper ferruginous. Like 7. c. glaucus, it has a
large concealed white dorsal patch.

I have examined the ‘specimens from Salto do Girao (Mus. Vindob.) and Rio
Jurud (Mus. Paulista)—in both cases males only were obtained—and found them
to belong to persimilis. Miss Snethlage informs me (én Jit.) that the bird recorded
sn. Tc. hoffmannsi (vide supra) likewise turns out to be persimilis.

The range of T. c. persimilis is therefore as follows :

North Brazil : Teffé, Rio Solimdes (Hoffmanns); Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao
(Natterer), Humaytha, Calama, Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns); Rio Jurua
(Garbe); R. Tapajéz, left bank: Itaittiba (Hoffmanns), Villa Braga (Snethlage) ;
right bank: Bella Vista (Snethlage); Arumatheua, left bank of the R. Tocantins
(Snethlage).*

) 210. Pygiptila margaritata (Scl.).
Myrmeciza margaritata Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxii. 1854. p. 253. pl. lxxi. (April 1855.—

Chamicuros, Eastern Peru),

Nos. 96, 248, 328. $d ad., o vix ad., Calama, 23. vi., 22. vii., 2. viii. 1907.—
Wing 73, 70; tail 48, 49; bill 16—174 mm. “Iris dirty white, feet light
plumbeons, bill black, below greyish blue.”

Nos. 97, 345, 362, 368. 29%, Calama, 23. vi, 7, 10, 11. viii. 1907.—Wing
67—69 ; tail 45—47 ; bill 163-174 mm. “ Iris dirty white, feet light plumbeous,
bill black, below grey.”

The specimens differ from topotypical Peruvian examples by their rather
shorter, broader bill. The males have, too, the under wing-coverts uniform dark
grey, not mixed with white, and the females are decidedly paler rnfescent brown
on the back. These trifling differences are, however, not likely to be constant.

P. margaritata is for the first time recorded from the Madeira district.
Previously it was only known from Eastern Peru, where Bartlett and Hauxwell
had obtained specimens at Xeberos and Chamicuros, and from Marabitanas, on the
upper Rio Negro, whence Natterer sent a series to the Vienna Museum.

211. Pygiptila stellaris (Spix).

Thamnophilus stellaris Spix, Av. Bras, ii, p. 27, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2, deser. orig. ¢ (1825.—Pard), _

T. maculipennis Sclater, Edin. New Philos. Journ. (new ser.) i. p. 247 (1855.—* Quixos in Cisandean
Ecuador and Peruvian Amazons wk

Pygiptila maculipennis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 79 (Salto do Girao, Borba).

Nos. 359, 372. dd vix ad., Calama, 9, 11. viii, 1907.—Wing 79, 76; tail
394, 41; bill 183, 21 mm.

Nos. 93, 213, 360, 371, 419. 2? ad. et imm., Calama, 22. vi., 12. vii., 9, 11,
18.. viii. 1907.—Wing 74—76 ; tail 38 —40; bill 19—203 mm.

_* Specimens from the Upper Purds are, however, referable to a new form, related to 7’. c. glawcus Cab.

( 345 )

Identical with Peruvian and Venezuelan (Caura) specimens.

P. stellaris ranges all over the great Amazonian forest region, from Surinam,
Cayenne, and Parad to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador and Pern.
Notwithstanding this wide area I cannot make out any local races.

212. Myrmotherula pygmaea (Gm.).
Muscicapa pygmaza Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 933 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl, enl. 831. fig. 2:
_ Cayenne). .
Myrmotherula pygmaea Pelzeln, l.c. p. 80 (Guajaraguagu, Rio Mamoré) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv.
p. 382 (Borba, Humaytha).
No. 844. ¢ imm., Marmellos, 21. vii. 1907.— Wing 42; tail 19; bill 13 mm.
Nos. 77, 293. 2 ad.,(¢) imm., Calama, 19. vi., 29. vii. 1907.—Wing 40, 44;
tail 18, 21; bill 13, 15 mm.
“Tris brown, feet light green or pale plumbeous, bill black, below grey.”
Within Brazilian limits M. pygmaea does not seem to have been met with
east of the Madeira basin, although, in the north of the South American continent,
it ranges as far as French Guiana. The Munich Museum possesses a large series
from Cayenne, Venezuela (Caura Valley), Eastern Ecuador (Napo), and Bogota.

213. Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata Scl.
[Sitta surinamensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 442 (1788.—based on “Surinam Nuthatch,” Latham,
Gen. Syn. Birds 1. ii. p. 654. pl. 28 (= 2): Sarinam).]
Myrmotherula multostriata Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxvi. 1858, p. 234. pl. exli. figs. 2(¢),
3 (? ) (1858.— Ucayali, East Peru).
M. surinamensis multostriata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 382 (Humaytha).
No. 165. 3 ad., Calama, 5. vii. 1907.—Wing 51; tail 26; bill 13 mm.
No. 847. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 22. xii. 1907.—Wing 48; tail 24; bill 13 mm.
No. 838. 3 imm., Marmellos, 21. xii. 1907.—Wing 48; tail 27; bill 13 mm,
No. 164. ? ad., Calama, 4. vii. 1907.—Wing 49; tail 28; bill 13 mm.
No. 532. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 10. ix, 1907.—Wing 49; tail 24;
bill 183 mm.
No. 837. 2 ad., Marmellos, 21. xii, 1907.—Wing 48; tail 25 ; bill (damaged)
— mm. )
“Tris brown, feet pluambeous, bill black, below grey.” af
This series is typical of multostriata. The females have the sides of the head
paler or deeper buff with dusky streaks (not uniform clear cinnamon-rufous as in
surinamensis), the under parts marked with very distinct, though narrow, blackish
shaft-stripes on a creamy white ground, and the foreneck as well as the breast
washed with buff. The middle of the abdomen alone is creamy white, without
streaks. Two of the females have the whole pileum, almost to the base of the
bill, striped with black, while in that from Calama the anterior portion is uniform
ferrnginous as in surinamensis, but of a lighter hue. Birds from Para and the
Rio Tapajéz, for which I am indebted to Miss Snethlage, are likewise referable
to multostriata.
The synonymy and range of M. s. multostriata are as follows :—
M, r. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1858, p. 234. pl. exli. figs, 2, 3 (Ucayali,
ted Paar ake alti’ ia 1866, p. 185 (Upper Ucayali) : idem, Le. 1873, p. 274 (Upper
Ucayali, Santa Cruz, Eastern Peru) ; Sclater, Cat. Amer. Birds 1862. p. 179 (Upper Amazon—
Bates, erroneously registered as type).

( 346 )

M. surinamensis (errore !) Ihering, Revist. Mus, Paul. vi. 1904. p. 440 (1905.—Rio Jurua) ; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 368 (Prata, Parad); Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1907. p. 284 (Para,
Ourtm; biol.); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus. xv. 1890, p. 231 (part.: specimens w—z,

M. é rene Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philomat, Paris 1906, p. 48 (Pebas, Nauta,
North Peru ; crit.); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 68 (Teffé) ; I.c. p. 382 (Humaytha) ;
Snethlage, Journ, f. Ornith. 1908. p. 510 (Isle of Goyana, Rio Tapajéz) ; eadem, U.c. p. 531
(Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins).

Hab. Bastern Peru: Ucayali, Santa Cruz (Bartlett), Pebas, Nauta (Castelnau

& Deville), Samiria (Hauxwell). Brazilian Amazonia: Teffé, Rio Solimoéns

(Hoffmanns); Rio Jurud (Garbe); Humaytha, Marmellos, left bank, Calama,

Jamarysinho, right bank of the Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns); Isle of Goyana, Rio

Tapajéz (Snethlage); Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (Snethlage). District of Para:

Prata (Hoffmanns), Pard, Ourém on the Rio Guama, (Snethlage).

Examined.—British Museum: (1) d ad. (specimen “w” of Sclater’s list),

Santa Cruz (Bartlett) ; (2) ¢ ad. (x), Ucayali, type of M. multostriata (Hauxwell) ;

(3) o ad. (z), Upper Ucayali (Bartlett); (4) ? (y), Ucayali (Hauxwell), type of

M. multostriata ; (5, 6) 2? ¢ (6, c), Upper Ucayali (Bartlett) ; (7) ? (d'), Upper

Amazon (Bates). Tring Museum: (8) ¢ ad., Samiria (Hauxwell); (9) d ad.,

Prata, Parad (Hoffmanns) ; (10) ¢ ad., Humaytha; (11) ¢ ad., Teffé (Hoffmanns) ;

(12—17), the above series from the Rio Madeira. Paris Museum: (18—22) dd ad.,

2? 9, Pebas, Nauta (Castelnau & Deville). Munich Museum: (23, 24) d? ad, -

Isle of Goyana, Tapajéz (Snethlage).

M. s. muitostriata is, of course, quite distinct from M. longicauda Berl. &

Stolzm.,* the latter being a near ally of M. cherriei Berl. & Hart.

214. Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (Scl.).

Formicivora hauxwelli Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. xxv. 1857. p. 131, tab, 126. fig, 2 (1857.—
Eastern Peru).

Myrmotherula Hauzwelli Pelzeln, /.c. p. 81 (Engenho do Cap. Gama, Salto do Girao).
M. hauxwelli hauawelli Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 383 (Humaytha).

Nos. 120, 336. dd ad. Calama, 28. vi, 5. viii. 1907.—Wing 53, 51; tail
26, 23 mm.

No. 832. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 19. xii. 1907.—Wing 53 ; tail 23 mm.

Nos. 1008, 1024, 1028. god ad., d vix ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 12, 16, 17.
vii. 1908.—Wing 51—82 ; tail 23—24 mm.

No. 197. ? ad., Calama, 10. vii. 1907.—Wing 50 ; tail 24 mm.

Nos. 945, 950. 22 ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 26, 28. vi. 1908—Wing 50
51; tail 22, 23 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black, below grey.”

All have a distinct white dorsal patch, agrecing in this as well as in other
respects with examples from Eastern Ecuador.

215. Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (Pelz.).
Formicivora leucophthalma Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 83, 155 (1868.—Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira) ; Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zo.l. Bot. Gesellsch. Wien liii. 1903. p. 213 (crit.),
[Mus. Vindob., No. 15308. ¢ imm., Salto do Girao, October 8, 1829 (Natterer
coll.). Type of species—Wing 52 ; tail 434; bill 144 mm.]

* Ibis 1894 p. 394 (Central Peru).
t Nov. Zool. ix. p. 72 (1902.—Perico, Orinoco River).

( 347 )

No. 947. $ ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 27. vi. 1908. “ Iris yellow, feet grey,
bill black.”——Wing 54 ; tail 45; bill 14 mm.

The type is an immature bird, while the specimen sent by Mr. Hoffmanns is
perfectly adult. It differs from the former in having the upper parts duller and
less rufescent brown; the upper tail-coverts brown like the back (instead of
cinnamon-rufous) ; the tail duller, rufescent brown, less cinnamon; the edges to
the remiges more olive-brown, less reddish; and the belly decidedly paler
ochraceous. Moreover, the median and greater wing-coverts are deeper black, with
the large apical spots better defined, as well as of a clearer ochraceous buff. These
trifling differences are, no doubt, due to age.

As pointed out by me (/.c.), M. leucophthalma is very nearly related to
M. sororia Berl. & Stolzm.,* so closely indeed that the latter will have to be
considered as only subspecifically distinct. The females of both forms agree in
having the median and greater wing-coverts black with large rounded spots of
ochraceous buff, while, in the allied M. gutturalis Scl. & Salv.,t from British
Guiana and Cayenne, they are light rasset-brown with minute apical dots of buff.
However, M. leucophthalma may be distinguished from M. sororia by the deeper
colour of the under parts, deeper ochraceous buff apical spots to the wing-coverts,
and by its rufescent brown or cinnamomeous (instead of dark brown) tail.

An adult male from Bom Lugar, Rio Purts, + with the throat black spotted
with white, differs in the same way—viz. decidedly rufescent brown tail—from a
male of M. sororia (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch; Rio Tigré, N.E. Pera, J. Hauxwell
coll.). Besides, the back is conspicuously lighter brown, the outer aspect of the
wings less rufescent, and the cinereous of the breast paler. In both skins the apical
spots to the wing-coverts are buff, whereas in the male of M. gutturalis the much
smaller spots are pure white. The Purts bird undoubtedly represents the hitherto
unknown male sex of M. leucophthalma. I have also examined the do ad. from
Marajé mentioned by Miss Snethlage, noticing several small differences, which,
however, must be confirmed by additional specimens before attempting any
separation.

I think it useful to append a condensed review which may help naturalists in
the determination of these difficult birds.

(a) M. leucophthalma leucophthalma (Pelz.).

Type locality: Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira.

Hab. Brazilian Amazonia: Macujubim, Island of Marajé (Hagmann—d in
Mus. Paraense) ; Arumatheua, Tocantins (Snethlage); Rio Madeira: Salto do
Girao (Natterer), Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns); Bom Lugar, Rio Parts
(3 in Mus. Paraense).

3 ad. Upper parts pale olive-brown, tail light rufescent brown ; lesser upper
wing-coverts greyish olive, dusky at base; median and greater series black with
large, rounded apical spots of deep buff; wings exteriorly edged with rufescent
olive-brown. Throat black with large, wedge-shaped white spots; cheeks, malar
region, foreneck, and breast pale cinereous ; lower abdomem, sides, and under tail-
coverts pale olive-brown.

* Tbis 1894. p. 396 (La Gloria, La Merced, Central Peru).

+ Ibis 1881. p. 269 (Bartica Grove, British Guiana).
¢ ©. gutturalis leucophthalma (sic!) Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 15.

( 348 )

& ad., Bom Lugar, Puris, 18. vii. 1903.—Wing 52; tail 40 ; bill 145 mm.

9 ad. Differs from the male in having the lower parts (including throat)
ochraceous, the sides of the head buff, and the apical spots to the wing-coverts
deeper, ochraceous buff.

(4) M. leucophthalma sororia Berl. & Stolzm.

Type locality: La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Central Peru.
Hab. Central Peru: La Gloria, La Merced (Kalinowski). North Peru :
Huambo (Stolzmann), Rio Tigré (Hauxwell).

- 6 ad. (Mus. H. v. Berlepsch, Rio Tigré, coll. by John Hauxwell). Upper parts
dark olive-brown, some of the feathers in the middle of the upper back with rufous
brown edges ; tail dusky ; lesser upper wing-coverts blackish with minute whitish
apical dots; median and greater series black with larger, deep buff apical spots, as
in M. 1. leucophthalma. Under parts as in the last-named form, but breast slightly
clearer grey.

Wing 50 ; tail 39; bill 14 mm.

¢ ad. Like M. leucophthalma, but tail dusky with brownish edges; under
parts and apical spots of upper wing-coverts clearer ochraceous ; outer webs of
remiges deeper russet-brown ; back darker olive-brown, etc.

Wing 53; tail 41; bill 15 mm.

(¢) M. spodionota Sel. & Salv., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880. p. 159.

Type locality : Sarayacu, Eastern Ecuador.

Hab. Ouly known from type locality.

3 vix ad. (Type of species, Brit. Museum). Differs from M. 1. leucophthalma
-and M. /. sororia in having the back, except the olive-brown upper tail-coverts,
slate-grey, the large apical spots to the wing-coverts white, and the breast much

darker grey. Tail and outer margins of remiges dark rufescent brown as in
M. 1. leucophthalma.

Wing 55; tail 37; bill 15 mm.
2. Unknown.

N.B. This imperfectly known form is most probably a geographical race of
M. leucophthalma.

(d) M. gutturalis Scl. & Salv.

_ Type locality : Bartica Grove, British Guiana.
Hab. British Guiana: Bartica Grove, Merume Mts., Rio Atapurow, Camacusa,
‘ Quonja (Whitely). Cayenne: Ipousin, Rio Approuague (Cherrie).

Ad. Differs from the preceding species by having the upper wing-coverts light
olive-brown with minute white apical dots.

In the males the cinereous colour beneath is restricted to the chest, the rest of
the lower parts being pale olive-brown. The throat is black, spotted with white.

Wing 50—52 ; tail 40—44 ; bill 14—15 mm.

As in the allied species, the female has the lower parts uniform ochraceous with
the flanks, etc., brownish.

Wing 50—82 ; tail 37—42 mm.

( 349 )

216. Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi Hellm.

[Formicivora ornata Sclater, Rev. Mag. Zool, (2) v. p. 480 (1853,.—Nova Grenada). }

M. a. hoffmannsi Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn, Cl. xvi. p, 84 (April 1906.—Itaittba, left bank of the
Rio Tapajéz) ; Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 22.

M. ornata (not of Sclater) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, p. 81 (Salto Theotonio, Ribeirio, Rio
Madeira).

Nos. 79, 379. $$ ad., Calama, 19. vi., 11. viii. 1907—Wing 51, 53; tail
34, 35 ; bill 14 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plambeons, bill blackish grey.”

These examples agree with the type in all essential points, especially in having
the apical spots to the wing-coverts deep buff (pure white in M. 0. ornata) and the
throat deep ochraceous (not black spotted with white), but differ slightly by the
rather brighter ochraceous colour of the breast and abdomen. This, however, is not
likely to be a constant character. Both specimens have very little ferraginous
admixture in the middle of the back, while in the female of M. o. ornata the entire
back (except pileam and nape) is bright chestnut-rafous. Another difference is to
found in the colour of the axillaries and under wing-coverts, which are pure white in
M. o. ornata, bright buff in M. 0. hoffmannsi.

Dr. von Lorenz has very kindly sent for my examination the two males obtained
on the Rio Madeira by the late Dr. Natterer. They agree well with the type and
belong undoubtedly to M. 0. hoffmannsi. The latter form has recently been met
with by Miss Snethlage on the banks of the Tapajéz and Tocantins Rivers.*

217. Myrmotherula haematonota (Scl.).

Formicivora haematonota Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxv. 1857. p. 48 (June 1857.—Chamicuros,
Eastern Peru).

Myrmotherula haematonota Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 81 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, 1907. p. 384
(Borba, Humaytha). :

Nos. 171, 243, 253, 288. go ad. and vix ad., Calama, 6, 19, 22, 29. vii. 1907.
“Tris yellow or pale brown, feet dark grey or plumbeons, bill black.”—Wing
50—53 ; tail 36—42; bill 134—14 mm.

These specimens, adults with the back and rump deep ferruginous, agree
perfectly with a series from the Caura Valley, Venezuela. The male obtained
near Borba, by Natterer, is immature, having the tips to the upper wing-coverts
deep buff, and but a limited space in the middle of the back dark ferruginons.

About the identity of M. haematonota and M. pyrrhonota cf. my remarks in
Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 70,

Miss Snethlage has lately recorded M. haematonota from Villa Braga, left bank
of the Rio Tapajéz.t

218. Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris (Vieill.)

Myrmothera azillaris Vieillot, Nowe, Dict. xii. p. 113 (1817.—“ la Guyane ”). ;
Myrmotherula axillaris Pelzeln, lc. p. 82 (Borba, Matogrosso, Engenho do Gama, 8. Vicente, etc.) ;
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 383 (Humaytha, Borba).
No. 935. ¢ ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 21. vi. 1908, “ Iris dark brown, feet
plumbeons, bill black.” —Wing 53; tail 38 ; bill 13 mm.
Identical with Cayenne examples.

—* Journ. f. Ornith, 1908. pp. 11, 532. + Journ. f. Ornith. 1908, p. 511.

( 350 )

219. Myrmotherula longipennis Pelz. (subsp. ?).

Myrmotherula longipennis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, ii. p. 153 (1868.—Marabitanas, Rio Negro) ;
Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 383 (Borba).

No. 1011. ¢ ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 13. vii. 1908. “Iris black, feet
plumbeons, bill black.” —W ing 56 ; tail 29 ; bill 13 mm.

No. 936. ? ad., Marnins, 21. vi. 1908. “ Iris dark brown, feet plumbeons, bill
black, below greyish.” —Wing 57; tail 33; bill 13 mm.

The adult male agrees in coloration with our series from Cayenne, Venezuela
(Caura), ete., but has much shorter wings and tail than any other specimen I have
seen. Though the cinereous colour of the belly is rather paler than in the majority
of Cayenne and Venezuelan skins, one from the Caura Valley matches it exactly.
There is no trace of the white quill-lining more or less conspicuous in all other
examples examined.

The female also differs from six others (Cayenne, Caura) by its slightly
‘shorter tail, much less distinct dingy whitish quill-lining, and olive-brown (instead
of bright rasset or cinnamon-brown) edges to the remiges.

An adult male from Borba, obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns on his first expedition
in 1906, however, is fully as large as those from more northern localities (wing 63 ;
tail 36 mm.).

A much larger series than at present available is required to make out the
geographical races of M. longipennis.

[220. Myrmotherula garbei Lhering (°).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 383.

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
The same form has been recorded from Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapajéz,
by Miss Snethlage.* I am still in doubt as to its proper specific appellation. |

221. Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi Hellm.

Nos. 72, 922. do ad., Calama, 18. vi. 1907, 6. viii. 1908.—Wing 52, 53; tail
28, 29; bill 13} mm.

No. 208. ? ad., Calama, 12. vii. 1907.—Wing 54; tail 29; bill 13 mm.

No. 1041. ? ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 21. vii. 1908.—Wing 53; tail 26 ;
bill 14 mm.

“ Tris greyish brown or brown, feet plumbeons, bill black.”

The males agree perfectly with the type of M/. berlepschi, most obligingly lent
by Dr. Lorenz, of Vienna. The four specimens differ from M. m. menetriesii t
merely by the clearer grey of the plumage, the under parts being decidedly lighter,
less bluish, the cheeks and malar region more whitish grey, and the back likewise
paler. The difference in the markings of the rectrices alluded to in the original
description of M. berlepschi does not hold good. The females of the two forms are,
however, much more different. That of M. m. berlepschi may readily be distinguished
by having the upper wing-coverts mainly bright cinnamon-brown (instead of dull
grey with indistinct buffy olive edges), the outer web of the remiges cinnamon

* Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p, 511,

+ I had the two original specimens of MV. boliviana Berl. from San Mateo, N. Bolivia, and a series
from Teffé (cf. Nov, Zool, xiv. p. 69) for comparison.

( 351 )

(instead of olive-grey), and the rectrices warm brown edged with rufescent (not
uniform olive-grey). Pileum and back are, furthermore, more or less brightly
cinnamon-brown (instead of olive-grey or brownish olive), and the under parts
deeper ochraceous. The female from Maruins agrees very closely with Natterer’s
hen birds, while the one from Calama is less rufescent on the back and tail,
pointing towards M. m. menetriesii, from which it can, however, easily be told by
the colour of the upper wing-coverts, etc.
The synonymy and range of the two races may be summarized as follows :—

(a) Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D’Orb.).

Myrmothera Menetriesii D’Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux p. 184 [(1838—Cochabamba, Yuracarés,
Bolivia), descr. J ad., type in Paris Museum examined].

Myrmotherula menetriesii Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc, Philomat. Paris (9) viii. 1906. p. 51
(Yuracarés [type]; N.E. Peru); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 69 (crit.; Teffé);
Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. lvi. 1908. p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre :
Rio Puris).

M., boliviana Berlepsch, Journ. f. Ornith. xlix, p. 96 (1901.—San Mateo, N. Bolivia), deser. f 2 ; ef.

_ Hellmayr, Verhandl, Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien liii. 1903, p. 210 (crit.).

M. brevicauda juruana Ihering, Revist, Mus, Paulist. vi. 1904, p. 440 (1905.—Rio Jurud, Brazil) ;
ef. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 70.

M. longipennis Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 241 (part.: specimens p and gq: Rio Javarri,
and Chamicuros, East Peru).

Hab. Eastern Bolivia: Cochabamba, Yuracarés (D’Orbigny), San Mateo,
(Garlepp). W. Brazil: Rio Javarri (Bates); Teffé, R. Solimoéns (Hoffmanns) ;
Rio Jurad (Garbe) ; Bom Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, on the Rio Paris.
N.E. Peru (Castelnau) : Chamicuros (Hauxwell).

Examined: 1 & ad., Yuracarés, type of M. menetriesit; 2 dd ad.,1 ¢d imm.,
1 ? ad., San Mateo, incl. the type of M. boliviana; 1 d ad., R. Jurnd, type of
M. brevicauda juruana; 2 33,2 2% ad., Rio Parts; 4 dd ad.,1 d imm., 5 ??,
Teffé; 1 ¢ ad., R. Javarri; 1d ad., Chamicaros; 1d, 2 2? ad., N.E. Peru
(Castelnau coll. in Paris Museum).

(6) Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi Hellm.

Myrmotherula berlepschi Hellmayr, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Geselisch. Wien liii. p. 211 (1903.—Salto do
Girao, Rio Madeira),
A. menetriesii (nec D’Orbigny) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. ii, 1868. p. 82 (Ribeirdo, Salto do Girao,

Rio Madeira).

Hab. Central Brazil, right bank of the upper Rio Madeira: Salto do Girao,
Ribeiréo (Natterer), Calama (Hoffmanns), Maruins on the Rio Machados
(Hoffmanns),*

Examined: 2 8S,1 ¢ ad., Salto Girao, incl. type of M. berlepschi, 1 ¢ ad.,
Ribeirao, all in the Vienna Museum; 2 dd ad. 1 2 ad, Calama, 1 ?, Marnins, in
the Tring and Munich Museums.

(222. Myrmotherula cinereiventris Scl. & Saly.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv, 1907. p. 384 (Borba).

Right bank of the Madeira: Borba (Hoffmanns). Widely distributed in
Amazonia from Cayenne to Northern Peru and Eastern Ecuador, and most probably
a geographic race of M. menetriesii. Cf. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907.
p. 70.]

* Also recorded by Snethlage from Villa Braga (left bank of Tapajéz) and Alcobaga, Tocantins
(Journ. f. Orn, 1908, pp. 512, 532). I have not seen specimens from either of these localities.

( 32 )

223. Myrmotherula assimilis Pelz.
Myrmotherula assimilis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 81, 152 (1868,—Borba, Rio Madeira ;
below Poiares, Rio Negro ; Rio Amajaii); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p, 384 (Humaytha).

Nos. 28, 415. dad, d imm., Calama, 12. vi., 17. viii. 1907—Wing 53, 54;
tail 29, 304; bill 134, 14 mm.

No. 874. ¢ imm., Marmellos, 27. xii. 1907.—Wing 58; tail 29; bill 14 mm.

Nos. 824, 870. dd juv., Marmellos, 18, 26, xii. 1907.—Wing 51, 54; tail
30, 31; bill 14 mm.

The series fully confirms the distinctness of MJ assimilis. The young males
have the lower parts dingy (greyish) white, slightly shaded with buffy here and
there, some of the upper wing-coverts brown edged with buff, etc., all remains of
the juvenile plumage. For characters and range ef. /.c, p. 384.

224. Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum Hellm.

[Ramphocaenus melanurus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxix. p. 6 (1819,—*“ Brésil, par Delalande fils,” se.
Rio de Janeiro).]

R. m. amazonum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 66 (1907.—Teffé, Rio Soliméens) ; idem, Zc. p. 373

(Humaytha, Borba).

Nos, 48, 383. d ad., d imm., Calama, 15. vi., 12. viii. 1907—Wing 53, 54;
tail 50, 473 ; bill 22—23} mm. “ Iris brown, feet plambeous, bill grey.”

Nos. 14, 182. ¢¢ ad., Calama, 10. vi., 7. vii. 1907.—Wing 48, 53; tail 46;
bill 22 mm. “ Iris brown, feet and bill grey,”

The series fully corroborates the characters of the subspecies. The Calama
birds differ from R. m. albiventris (represented in the Munich Museum by specimens
from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, Le Moult coll.) by the much paler
“creamy buff” sides of the neck, by lacking the rafous tinge on the nape, and by
having the chest and sides of breast faintly washed with creamy. The outer
rectrices are tipped with smoky grey.

R. m. amazonum ranges from the Rio Madeira westward to Eastern Peru
(Yurimaguas, Santa Cruz, Chyavetas) and northward to the Rio Solimoéns (Teffé).
Farther to the south, on the Guaporé, one of the headwaters of the Rio Madeira,
it is replaced by R. melanurus sticturus Hellm., of which Natterer obtained a good
series at Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, Engenho do Gama, and S&o Vicente. Cf.

Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 373-5, where a short review of the geographical races
of R. melanurus is given.

[225. Sclateria argentata (Des Murs).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p. 375 (Humaytha).
Heterocnemis albiventris Pelzeln, i.c. p. 161 (Guajaraguacu, Girao, Borba),

Both banks of the Rio Madeira: Guajaraguacu, Salto do: Girao, Borba
(Natterer), Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Also found on the Peruvian Amazons, Rio
Negro, and Orinoco,*]

[226. Sclateria schistacea leucostigma (Pelz.).t
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 376 (Borba).

Right bank of the Rio Madeira : Borba (Hoffmanns). }

* In the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 277, a specimen from Bartica Grove (Whitely) is recorded s.n.

H. argentata, I have examined the bird; it is without doubt a young male of Selateria schistacea
leucostigma (Pelz.). .

} I have examined the bird from the Rio Jurué,

recorded by Ihering s.n, Sclateria leucostigma (Rev.
Mus. Paul. vi. p. 442). It turns out to be a male of

Myrmelastes hyperythrus (Gould),

( 353 )

227. Sclateria schistacea humaythae Hellm.

Sclateria schistacea humaythae Hellmayr, Bull. B. O. C. xix, p. 51 (1907.—Humaytha) ; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 375 (Humaytha, Paraiso).

No. 1020. 3 ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 15. vii. 1908.—Wing 68; tail 54;
bill 19 mm.

No. 745. ¢ ad., Allianca, 5. xi. 1907.—Wing 70 ; tail 57; bill 19 mm.

No. 791. $ ad., Allianca, 17. xi. 1907.—Wing 68; tail 53; bill 20 mm.

Perfectly identical with the Humaytha series. The male from Allianca, in the
length of tail, approaches S. s. leucostigma.

S. s. humaythae inhabits both banks of the river. On his first journey in 1906
Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a large suite at Humaytha, and a single female on the
opposite side, near Paraiso.

228. Myrmelastes luctuosus luctuosus (Licht.).

Lanius luctuosus Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus, p. 47 (1823.-—“ Pard i
Thamnophilus luctuosus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 76 (Borba).
Myrmelastes luctuosus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 372 (Humaytha),

Nos. 387, 523. ¢? ad., Calama, 12. viii, 7. ix. 1907—Wing 76, 78; tail
64, 66; bill 20, 22 mm.

Nos. 530, 561. ?¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 9, 17. ix. 1907—Wing 79—80; tail
68—70; bill 21 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black.”

Identical with examples from the Tapajéz. The original locality requires
confirmation, for in recent years the bird has not been found near the town of
Para,

229. Hypocnemis cantator peruvianus Tacz.

[Formicarius Cantatar (sic!) Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 44 (1783.—based on “Le Carrilloneur, de
Cayenne,” D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 700. fig. 2: Cayenne).]

Hypocnemis cantator, peruvianus Taczanowski, Orn, Pérou ii, p. 61 (1884.—Yurimaguas, North
Peru) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, 1907. p. 377 (Humaytha).

H. cantator (not of Boddaert) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 87 (part.: Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Matto-
grosso ; Borba, Rio Madeira),

Nos. 262, 280, 369. dd ad., ¢ imm., Calama, 24, 27. vii, 11. viii. 1907.
“Tris brown, feet plumbeons, bill black, lower mandible greyish.”—Wing 544—55 ;
tail 38—42 ; bill 144—15 mm.

Nos. 222, 261. 9%, Calama, 14, 24. vii. 1907.—Wing 53, 54; tail 37, 40;
bill 143, 15 mm.

No. 982. ¢ perad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 8. vii. 1908.—Wing 564; tail
403; bill 144 mm.

No. 983. ? ad., Maruins, 8. vii. 1908.—Wing 55; tail 39 ; bill 143 mm.

In the coloration of the upper parts—viz. large white dorsal patch, inter-
scapulars coarsely spotted with black and distinctly edged with white—the adult
males agree perfectly with a very large series from North-Eastern Pern, Teffé,
Mattogrosso, and Itaittiba (R. Tapajéz). As a rule, specimens from Mattogrosso,
Calama, Maruins, Rio Jurud, and East Bolivia (Yuracarés: D’Orbigny coll.) have
the flanks paler ochraceous, but several skins from Pebas (Pern) and Teffé are not

different in this respect, 23

( 354 )

The range of H. c. peruvianus is, according to my present knowledge, as
follows :— ;

Brazil, south of the Amazon Valley : Aramathena, Tocantins *; Villa Braga,
Bella Vista,} Itaittba, + Tapajéz ; Borba (Natterer), Calama, Maruins, Humaytha §
(Hoffmanns), Rio Madeira; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé (Natterer); Villa
Maria, Rio Paraguay (Natterer); Rio Jurad (Garbe) ||; Bom Lugar, Puris{ ; Teffé,
Rio Solimoéns (Hoffmanns), ** Ega (Bates), Rio Javarri (Bates). N .E. Bolivia:
Yuracarés, near Cochabamba (D’Orbigny).ff Pera: Yurimaguas (Stolzmann),
Upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz (Bartlett), Pebas
(Hanxwell, Castelnan & Deville), Samiria (Hauxwell). Eastern Ecuador: Rio
Napo (Petit), Sarayacu (Buckley).

On the north bank of the Amazons, near Obidos and Manaos, it is replaced
by the typical race, H. c. cantator (Bodd.). tt

230. Hypocnemis punctulata (Des Murs).

Rhopotera punctulata Des Murs in Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseau p. 53 (June 1856.—“ Haut Amazone,”
sc, Peruvian Amazons).

Rhopothera guttata Des Murs, l.c. tab, xvii. fig. 3 [ 2 ] (December 1856).

Hypocnemis punctulata Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 377 (Humaytha).

No. 133, ¢ vix ad., Calama, 30. vi. 1907. “Iris greyish brown, feet yellowish
grey, bill black.”—Wing 60; tail 32; bill 15 mm.

No. 188. ? juv. in nestling plumage, Calama, 7. vii. 1907.—“ Iris and feet
grey.”—Wing 60; tail 32; bill 14 mm.

The adult bird agrees with our series from Humaytha (left bank of the Rio
Madeira) and the Caura Valley, Venezuela.

The nestling has never been described before. The pileum is uniform olive-
brown as in the adult, but the back shows large buff spots of irregular shape and
narrowly edged with blackish. The black spotting of the chest is altogether absent,
all the lower surface except the white throat being clear buff, the feathers of the
foreneck with indistinct edges of dusky. That the bird belongs here and not to
H. naevia theresae is proved by its short tail, greyish (not wax-yellow) legs, and
blackish upper tail-coverts.

H. punctulata is known from both banks of the Madeira, but not yet recorded
from any Brazilian locality farther east.

231. Hypocnemis naevia theresae (Des Murs).

[Pipra naevia Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii, p. 1003 (1789.§§—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 823. fig. 2

(= fo ad,)—Cayenne), ]
Conopophaga Theresae Des Murs in Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseaux p. 51. tab. xvi. fig. 2 [ 2] (1856.—
Rio Javarri, Peru). :

Nos. 4, 134, 157, 264. dd imm., Calama, 8, 30. vi., 3, 24. vii. 1907—Wing
594—63 ; tail 39—43; bill 16—17 mm.

* Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 532. || Ihering, Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. p. 442.
+ Eadem, J.c. p. 512. : { Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 17.
} Hellmayr, Wov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 19. ** Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 67.

§ Idem, Z.c. p. 377.
tt Thamnophilus striatothorax D’Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaux p. 176.
tt Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 32.
§§ Cf. Hopkinson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907. pt. iv. (publ. May 1908) pp. 1035-7,

( 355 )

Nos. 84, 363, 364, 476. 29 imm., Calama, 21. vi., 10, 28, viii. 1907.—Wing
59—62 ; tail 40—42; bill 15—163 mm.

No. 764, 3 ad., Allianca, 8. xi, 1907.—Wing 59 ; tail 39; bill 154 mm,

Nos. 952, 966, 1029. 33 ad., Maruins, 28. vi., 1, 17, .vii. 1908.—Wing 58—60;
tail 39 ; bill 15—16 mm.

Nos. 951, 972. 29 ad., Maruins, 28, vi., 5. vii, 1908.—Wing 59; tail 40};
bill 15 mm,

“Tris grey or brown, feet pale yellow or reddish yellow, bill black.”

The series agrees perfectly with another from Eastern Ecuador (Napo) and
several examples from Peru. Adult males have the top of the head slate-grey,
the markings on the Wings and the rounded spots of the interscapulium pure white
or very nearly so, the basal portion of the tail clear ashy or but faintly tinged with
olive, and the flanks as well as under tail-coverts very pale creamy buff. Immature
males are mnch browner above, the pale markings on wings and back bright buff,
and the flanks much more extensively and deeper ochraceous buff. Adult females
differ from young ones merely by having the pileam more mixed with
slate-grey.

The above variation is well illustrated by the two series from the Napo and
Rio Madeira respectively.

As first pointed out by Ménégaux & Hellmayr,* two forms had been
confounded under the name of theresae. In the following lines I give a
condensed résumé of their characters, range, and synonymy :—

(a) Hypocnemis naevia naevia (Gm.).

Pipra naevia Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1003 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. tab. 823. fig, 2
= fg: Cayenne); Latham, Jnd. Ornith. ii. 1790, p. 559 (based on the same); Shaw, Gen. Zool.
X. i, 1817, p. 32 (based on the same).

Conopophaga naevia Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. vii. 1817. p. 458 (based on the same),

Alypocnemis naevia Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, 1868. p. 89 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro, Natterer coll. :
Cayenne: ex Becceur); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. 1908, p. 159 (Ipousin, R. Approuague,
Cherrie coll.).

H. naevia naevia Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 1906. p. 44 (Cayenne ; crit.).

H., theresae (nec Des Murs) P. L. Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit, Mus, xv. 1890. p. 292 (part. : specimens
a, b, ex Oyapoc, Cayenne) ; Ménégaux, Bull, Mus. Paris x. 1904, p. 177 (Camopi, Cayenne,
Geay coll.),

Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne (Buffon, Becceur), Oyapoc (Verdey), Ipousin,
Rio Appronague (Cherrie), Camopi (Geay), Saint-Jean-du-Maroni (Le Moult; Mus.
Monac.). North Brazil: Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro (Natterer).

3 ad. Above intense rufous brown, top of the head like the back, only the
forehead slate-grey ; a restricted patch in the middle of the interscapular region
black, marked with small, drop-shaped spots of pale buff. Tertials bright rafous
brown, with a buff apical spot, preceded by a black subterminal band. Rectrices
bright rufous brown, with a well-defined black subterminal bar, from 3 to 2 mm.
wide, and a narrow buffy white apical margin. This measures about lto 2 mm.
in width on the outer tail-feathers, but is scarcely indicated by a whitish fringe
on the central pair. Sides of breast and abdomen as well as crissam bright
ochraceons,

Wing 57—61; tail 37—42 mm. :

% ad. Agrees in the specific characters with the male. Under surface bright
ochraceous ; throat rather paler, more buff, bordered on each side by a narrow black

malar streak.
* Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 1906. pp. 45-6.

( 356 )

Wing 56—60 ; tail 36—40 mm.

Obs. The five specimens from the Rio Negro, obtained by Natterer, are
practically identical with the series from Cayenne.

Examined: 1 & ad., Camopi; 1 ¢ ad., Saint-Jean-du-Maroni; 1 ¢ ad.,
Ipousin; 2 dd ad., 1 %, Cayenne; 1d, 1 %, Oyapoc; 35d, 2 #%, Marabitanas
Rio Negro.

(b) Hypocnemis naevia theresae (Des Murs).

Conopophaga Theresae Des Murs in Castelnau’s Voyage, Oiseaux p. 51, tab. xvi. fig. 2 [ 2] (1856.—
Rio Javarri, Peru).

C. naevia (not of Gmelin) Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, Syn. Av. in Mag. Zool, cl. ii. 1837. p. 13
(Yuracarés, Bolivia); D'Orbigny, Voy. Amér, mérid., Oiseauc 1838. p. 186 (part.—@:
Yuracarés).

Hypocnemis theresae Sclater, P. Z. 8. Lond. 1858. p. 67 (Rio Napo) ; idem, /.c. p, 253 (Rio Javarri :
Castelnau & Deville); idem, Cat. Amer. Birds 1862. p. 188 (Upper Amazons, Bates ; Rio
Napo) ; Sclater & Salvin, P. ZS. 1866. p. 187 (Upper Ucayali, E. Bartlett coll.) ; iidem, Jc.
1867. p. 750 (Xeberos, E, Bartlett coll.) ; iidem, /.c. 1873. p. 185 (Cosnipata, H. Whitely coll.) ;
iidem, I.c. p. 276 (Upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros : E. Bartlett); Taczanowski, P. Z.8,
Lond. 1874, p. 531 (Monterico: Jelski coll.) ; idem, /.c. 1882. p. 32 (Huambo, Yurimaguas :
Stolzmann) ; idem, Orn, Pérow ii, 1884. p, 72 (Peru); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xv, 1890.
p. 292 (part. : specimens c—m) ; Salvadori & Festa, Boll, Mus. Torino xiv. No. 362. 1899. p. 31
(Santiago, Zamora, East Ecuador: E. Festa); Ihering, Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. 1905, p. 442
(Rio Jurué).

H. naevia theresae Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Bull. Soc. Philomat, Paris 1906. p. 46 (crit.; Rio
Javarri, East Ecuador, Iquitos, Bolivia).

Hab, 8.E. Colombia: Cuembi, Rio Patumayo (G. Hopke coll.—Mus. H. v. B.).
Eastern Ecnador: Rio Napo (L. Petit coll. in Tring ; in Mus. Brit. ex Verreaux),
Santiago, Zamora (E. Festa), Sarayacu (Buckley). N. Pera: Iquitos (Whitely),
Xeberos, Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali (Bartlett), Huambo, Yurimaguas (Stolzmann),
Guayabamba (O. T. Baron), C. Pera: Chuchurras, Hudnuco (W. Hoffmanns),
Monterico (Jelski). S.E. Peru: Cosnipata (Whitely), Marcapata, Cuzco (0.
Garlepp). W. Brazil: Rio Javarri (Castelnau & Deville); Rio Jurnd (Garbe);_
Calama, Allianca on the Rio Madeira; Maruins, Rio Machados (Hoffmanns) ;
Lower Amazonia: Villa Braga, left bank of the R. Tapajéz (Snethlage). North
Bolivia : Yuracarés (D’Orbigny), San Mateo (G. Garlepp). :

$ ad. Differs from H. ». naevia by having all the upper back black with
much larger and more numerous buffy white spots, the top of the head and nape
slate-grey, the rump and upper tail-coverts pale olive-brown, the tertials black
tipped with white, the tail-feathers ashy or olive-grey with much broader
(6—8 mm.) black subterminal and white apical bands, and the flanks much paler,
creamy buff. Even immature birds are readily distinguishable by the olive-brown
ground-coloar of the head and back, and paler flanks, besides the other characters.

Wing 58—64 ; tail 38—43 mm.

? ad. In addition to the points of difference given under the heading of the
male, the females of H. n. theresae have the black malar stripe much broader than
in the typical race, and the throat pure white.

Wing 58-62 ; tail 38—42 mm.

Obs. I could not find any constant difference between examples from various
localities. Iwo dd imm. from Villa Braga, left bank of the Tapajéz, agree
exactly with others from more western countries. All of the many females I have
seen have the foreneck coarsely spotted with black.

: Examined: 1 ? ad., Cuembi, R. Putumayo, 8.E. Colombia—Mus. H. v.

erlepsch; 4 dd, 1 $, Rio Napo, Petit coll. in Tring Museum; 1 %, Rio

( 357 )

Javarri, type, in Mus. Paris; 1 ¢ ad., Chamicuros, Mus. Tring; 2d, 2 232,
Iquitos, Mus. Tring et H. v. B.; 1 2, Cosnipata, Mus, H. v. B.; 1 3 imm., Huambo,
Mus. H. v. B.; 14 do ad., do imm, 2 2, Marcapata, Cuzco—Mns. H. v. B.,
Vienna and Munich; 1 ?, Guayabamba, O. T. Baron—Mus. Brit.; 1.46) ady
Chuchurras, Hudnuco—Mus. Tring ; 4 do ad., 4 do imm, 6 2 ?, Rio Madeira—
coll. Hoffmanns; 2 gd imm., Villa Braga, R. Tapajéz—Mus, Pari; 1 3 ad.,
Yuracarés, Bolivia, D'’Orbigny coll. in Mus. Paris; 1 2 ad., S. Mateo, Bolivia,
in Mus, H. v. B.—altogether nearly fifty specimens.

232. Hypocnemis poecilinota griseiventris (Pelz.).
[Hypocnemis poecilinota Cabanis, Arch. Naturg. 13. i, p. 212. tab, 4. fig. 2, descr. orig. g (1847.—

British Guiana). ]

Pithys griseiventris Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. p. 167, deser. orig. 2 (1868.—Villa Maria and

Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso ; Borba, Rio Madeira).

Hypocnemis poecilonota Pelzeln, Ic. p. 88 (part.: Borba) ; cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 371.
H, poecilinota griseiventris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 372 (crit.); idem, l.c. xiv. 1907. p. 67

(Teffé, Rio Solimoéns) ; idem, /.c, p. 378 (Humaytha, Borba: Rio Madeira).

Nos. 16, 56, 74, 121, 257, 296. od ad., Calama, 10, 17, 18, 28. vi., 29. vii. 1907.—
Wing 67—70; tail 43—47; bill 17—18 mm.

No. 625. ¢ ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4. x. 1907.—Wing 67; tail 42; bill
16 mm.

Nos, 21, 39,57. dd juv., Calama, 11, 14, 17. vi. 1907—Wing 68—69; tail
45—47 ; bill 17—18 mm.

Nos. 27, 42, 114, 130, 192. 2? ad., $ imm., Calama, 12, 14, 26, 29. vi., 8. vii.
1907.—Wing 66—70 ; tail 48—48 ; bill 164—18 mm.

Nos. 779, 787, 800, 811. ?? ad., Allianca, 12, 14, 22. xi, 2. xii. 1907.—Wing
64—68 ; tail 41—44 ; bill 165—17 mm.

No. 904. d ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 4. vi. 1908.—Wing 70; tail 43; bill
17 mm,

No. 899. 3 jav., Maruins, 2. vi. 1908.—Wing 65 ; tail 42; bill 16} mm.

No. 995. ? ad., Maruins, 11. vii. 1908.—Wing 65; tail 45; bill 17 mm.

“Tris brown or greyish brown, feet grey or plumbeous, bill black.”

The adult ¢¢ differ from H. p. poecilinota, of which the Manich Museum
possesses a very large series from Cayenne and the Caura Valley, by their con-
siderably darker slate-grey under parts, and by having the white interscapular
patch much more extended, ‘The colour of the upper tail-coverts, however, is
variable and cannot be used as distinctive character. The females are typical (for
description see Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 372) ; the colour of the throat varies from white to
cinereous. :

Hi. p. griseiventris is only known from Teffé, Rio Solimoéns, and the Rio
Madeira where it inhabits both banks, but it has not yet been found farther to the
east, e.g. on the Tapajéz.

233. Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris (Cab.).
[Pithys leucophrys Tschudi, Arch. Naturg. 10. i. p. 278, descr, orig. 3 (1844.—Peru).] :
Conopophaga angustirostris Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, iii. p. 685, descr. orig. ?

(1848.—Coast district of British Guiana).
Hypocnemis leucophrys angustirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907, p, 378 (Humaytha).

. leucophrys (nec Tschudi) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 88 (Borba).
Nos, 177, 238. do ad., Calama, 1, 18, vii, 1907,—Wing 70, 71 ; tail 47, 49;
bill 1? mm,

( 358 )

No. 562. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.—Wing 70 ; tail 463 ; bill 17 mm.

No, 849. 3 ad., Marmellos, 22. xii, 1907.—Wing 67 ; tail 45; bill 17 mm.

Nos. 1, 816, 907. 2? ad., Calama, 8. vi. 1907; Marmellos, 16. xii. 1907;
Marnuins, 5, vi, 1908.—Wing 65—68 ; tail 42—46 ; bill 17 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeous or bluish black, bill black.”

Identical with examples from British Guiana, Caura Valley, etc. #H. J.
angustirostris is widely distributed in Amazonia, from the Tocantins westward
to the rivers Parts and Jurua, and to Teffé, Rio Solimoéns, in the north.

[234. Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema Scl.

[Thamnophilus myotherinus Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 30. tab xlii. fig. 1 [¢ ad.] (1825.—part. :
descr. of ¢ only, no locality ; cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 20-1).]°

Hypocnemis melanolaema Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxii. 1854. p. 254. pl. lxxii, fig. 2 (1855.—
“in Peruvia, Chamicurros ”),

H. myotherina melanolaema Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379 (Humaytha).

Left bank of the Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on his
second journey.

On the right bank of the stream it is replaced by the next form. ]

235. Hypocnemis myotherina sororia n. subsp.

Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema (nec Sclater) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 379 (part. :
No. 1311, ¢ vix ad., Paraiso).

Nos. 13, 31, 136,160, 181, 259,400. od ad., Calama, 10, 13, 30. vi., 3, 7, 23. vii.,
15. vii, 1907. “Tris red or brownish red, feet plumbeous, bill black.”—Wing 62—
65 ; tail 388—41; bill 153—163 mm.

No. 159. ¢ vix ad., Calama, 3. vii. 1907. “Iris red-brown, feet grey, bill
black.”— Wing 63 ; tail 404 ; bill 164 mm.

No. 540. d ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 12. ix. 1907. “Iris brownish
red, feet clear grey, bill black.”—Wing 64; tail 41; bill 15 mm.

Nos. 169, 403. go juv., Calama, 6. vii., 16. viii, 1907. °“ Iris brown, feet grey,
bill black.”—Wing 62, 63 ; tail 384, 41; bill 16 mm.

Nos. 20, 28, 83, 85, 158, 258. 29 ad., Calama, 11, 21. vi., 3, 23. vii. 1907.
“Tris brown or reddish brown, feet plumbeons, bill black, lower mandible greyish.”—
Wing 62—64 ; tail 3741; bill 15—163 mm.

Nos. 12, 125. $9 juv., Calama, 10, 29. vi. 1907. “ Iris brown, feet grey, bill
black, lower mandible pale.”—Wing 61, 644 ; tail 40; bill 15, 15} mm.

Nos. 932, 1013. ?% ad., Maruins, Rio Machados (Vargem), 18. vi., 13. vii.
1908. “Tris brown, feet grey, bill black, below greyish."—Wing 63, 63}; tail
404, 42; bill 15, 15} mm.

d ad. Much like H. m. melanolaema Scl. from Northern Bolivia, Peru, and
Humaytha, left bank of the Rio Madeira, but averaging smaller and the cinereous
colour of the under parts somewhat richer. Pale band behind the black frontal
edge and superciliary streak ill-defined, greyish white, exactly as in its western
representative.

? ad. Agrees with H. m. melanolaema Scl. in the pale lower mandible, but the
breast and abdomen are much darker, deep ochraceous as in A. m. ochrolaema
Hellm, It differs, however, from both in having the throat neither pure white like

( 359 )

the former, nor deep ochraceous like the latter, but light creamy buff, in decided
contrast to the colour of the belly. The cheeks and malar region are bright buff
with narrow dusky cross-lines.

Type in Tring Museum: No. 158, ? ad., Calama, 3. vii. 1907 (W. Hoffmanns
coll.).

This adds another to the three forms of the H. myotherina group of which I
have given a review in Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 20-2. While the male does not
much differ from the same sex of H. m. melanolaema, the female may be
recognized at a glance from H. m. melanolaema and H. m. ochrolaema, although
in its characters it stands somewhat between the two. It shares the pale
greyish lower mandible with H. m. melanolaem2, but in the deep ochraceous colour
of the belly it agrees with H. m. ochrolaema, which is found on the Tapajéz as well
as farther down on the right bank of the Madeira near Borba. The latter form,
however, has the lower mandible blackish like the upper one, and the throat deep
ochraceous like breast and abdomen, whereas in the female of the new race the
throat is pale creamy buff, very much paler than, and in strong contrast to, the rest
of the under parts. The cheeks and malar region are brighter buff, variegated with
dusky in sororia, uniform deep ochraceous in ochrolaema.

The upper parts are rather variable, being sometimes dull greenish olive as in
ochrolaema, sometimes warm olive-brown with a more or less distinct rufescent
tinge as in melanolaema. Snuperciliary streak and white dorsal patch as in
ochrolaema. Most of the specimens have a number of small, dusky olive spots on
the foreneck, but in two skins (Nos. 20, 932) these are scarcely indicated.

The young females (Nos. 12, 125) are more olive, less brownish, on the upper
parts, the rufescent olive superciliary streak is barely indicated, there is scarcely
any white at the base of the dorsal feathers, the belly is much paler, the
throat nearly pure white, and the upper wing-coverts lack the ochraceous apical
bands.

The male from Paraizo, provisionally referred to H. m. melanolaema, doubtless
belongs to the present race. e .

H. m. sororia farnishes another instance of rivers separating the ranges of
nearly allied forms. It would be interesting to know the meeting-point of
H. m. sororia and H. m. ochrolaema, both of which occur on the right bank of the
Rio Madeira, the latter near its mouth, the former farther up the stream.

[236. Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellm.

Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema Hellmayr, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 109 (1906.—Itaitiiba, left bank
of the Tapajéz) ; idem, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379 (Borba).
H. myiotherina (nec Spix) Pelzeln, J.c. p. 88 (Borba).

Right bank, lower Rio Madeira: Borba (Hoffmanns, Natterer).

This form extends eastwards to the left side of the Tocantins (Aramathena,
Alcobaca).* Miss Snethlage has kindly sent the two specimens for my inspection.
The male is practically identical with one from Borba, while the female slightly
differs from those obtained at Itaittiba and Borba, by having the lower mandible
dusky with the extreme base pale yellowish (instead of uniform black). :

In all the females of H. m. ochrolaema the throat is deep ochraceous like the
rest of the under parts. ]

* Journ. f. Orm, 1908. p. 533,

( 360 )

[237. Hypocnemis lugubris feminina Hellm.

Hypocnemis lugubris feminina Hellmayr, Rev, Frang. d’Orn. No. 11. p. 164 (1910.—Borba, Rio
Madeira).

H. lugubris (nee Cabanis) Pelzeln, J.c. pp. 88, 163 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 379
(syn. part. and excl. specimens 1, 2 ; Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Hoffmanns, Natterer). .
. As pointed ont /.c. the birds from the Rio Madeira and lower Rio Negro are
subspecifically distinct from true H. 1. lugubris (Cab.),* with which H. hypoleuce
Ridgw.t is synonymous. The typical race is found on the south bank of the
Amazons (Santarem, Paricatiba), while a third, nearly allied form, H. lugubris
berlepschi Hellm., inhabits Northern Peru (Iquitos, Nauta).
A review of the H. lugubris group is given /.c. |

238. Hypocnemis melanopogon Scl.

Hypocnemis melanopogon Sclater, Proc, Zool, Soc. Lond, xxv. 1857. p. 130 (1857.—Guiana ; cf.
Nov, Zool, xiv, p. 381); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 381 (Humaytha, Borba).

Nos. 166, 422, 527, 731. dd ad., Calama, 5. vii., 18. vili., 8. ix., 27. x. 1907.—
Wing 62—64 ; tail 34—36 ; bill 16—17 mm.

No. 711. gad. 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 17. x. 1907.—Wing 64}; tail 35;
bill 17 mm.

Nos. 70, 163, 184, 224, 267, 277, 526. $? ad. and imm., Calama, 18. vi., 4, 7,
15, 25, 27. vii., 8. ix. 1907—Wing 62—65 ; tail 34—37; bill 164—17 mm.

Nos. 608, 712. $2 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 2, 17. x. 1907—Wing 61, 63;
tail 33, 34; bill 164 mm.

“ Tris grey, feet plumbeous or blackish, bill black, in females lower mandible
grey.”

The specimens agree perfectly with our large series from British Guiana and the
aura Valley, Venezuela. In none of them is there any trace of a white inter-
scapular patch ; the white apical margins to the rectrices are from $ to 1 mm. wide.

H. melanopogon inhabits both sides of the Madeira. During his first trip in
1906, Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a series at Humaytha, on the left bank.

239. Hypocnemis maculicauda Pelz.

Hypocnemis maculicauda Pelzela, Zur Orn. Bras, ii. pp. 89, 164 (1868.—Villa Maria (type locality) ;
Villa Bella de Mattogrosso ; Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé).

No. 925. % imm., Marnins, Rio Machados, 12. vi. 1908. “lIris black, feet
black, bill black, below grey.”— Wing 59; tail 38; bill 16 mm.

This bird agrees in every detail with some of Natterer’s females (Villa Maria ;
Vienna Museum), and differs from the preceding species by its smaller size, and by
having a large, concealed white interscapular patch, and broad white tips to the
rectrices, about 5 mm. in width. It is a remarkable fact that the Rio Machados
should possess a species different from that found on the main stream. A similar case
has already been discussed, cf. Pipra aureola Sasciicauda and P. a. calamae, p. 303.

H, maculicauda is evidently the southern and western representative of

* Myrmonaw lugubris Cabanis, Arch. Naturg. 13. i. p. 211 (1847.—* Para”).

¢ Heteroonemis (?) hypoleuca Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Mus. x. 1887.|p. 523 (1888,—Diamantina,
Santarem). : 2

( 361 )

H. melanopogon, but I do not venture to employ a trinomial name on the evidence
of our present knowledge. HH. maculicauda ranges from the Rio Machados and the
headwaters of the Madeira (Rio Guaporé, etc.) through Western Brazil (Puris,
Jurud; Olivenca on the Rio Solimoéns) to Eastern and Northern Peru.
Hl. melanopogon inhabits the countries north of the Amazon Valley (Mexiana
Island, the Guianas, the Orinoco and Rio Negro district), but descends along
the Madeira as far as Humaytha (left bank), Calama and 8. Isabel (right side).
H1. maculicauda, however, has also been found in the Para district (Prata, Rio
Acara, Capim)* and on the Tapajéz.f Three specimens before me, a couple from
Pard and a male from Goyana, Tapajéz, agree with Upper Amazonian skins in
size and in the possession of a large white interscapular patch ; but the white ends
to the rectrices are decidedly narrower, though much wider than in H. melanopogon.
A larger series from the Lower Amazons is required to prove the constancy of this
character or otherwise.

[240. Hypocnemis hemileuca Scl. & Salv.

Hypocnemis hemileuca Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1866. p. 1865 (1866.—Lower

Ucayali).

Terenura melanoleuca Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. p. 157 (1868.—Borba, Rio Madeira).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).

lL have shownt 7. melanoleuca to be synonymous with H. hemileuca. Mr.
Hoffmanns did not meet with this rare species, which is still only known from the
type, obtained by BE. Bartlett ; the two adult males taken many years ago by
Natterer near Borba; and the type of Myrmochanes hypoleucus § from Reyes, N.E.
Bolivia. There is a fifth, hitherto unrecorded specimen in Count Berlepsch’s
collection. It was secured in Eestern Ecuador by one of the men employed by
the late-Henry Whitely, of Woolwich, but its exact place of capture is not
known. |

- (241. Dichrozona cincta (Pelz.).

Cyphorhinus (Microcerculus) cinetus Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i. pp. 47, 65 (1867.—Borba, Rio
Madeira ; Sao Joaquim, Rio Negro); cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p. 348 (crit.).

Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer).

This species is represented by but few specimens in scientific collections.
Natterer obtained a male at Sao Joaquim on the upper Rio Negro, near the mouth
of the Uaupés, and a female at Borba, in January 1830. The type of Dichrozona
zononota Ridgw.|| was shot by Mr. C. B. Riker at Diamantina, near Santarem, on
the Rio Tapajéz, and the original examples of Hypocnemis stellata Scl. & Salv. 1
were taken at a place called Sarayacu, Hastern Ecuador, by one of Buckley’s
hunters. More recently, I have examined an immature female collected at Uby
no Cachoeira, Rio Parts, June 17, 1903, and preserved in the Paré Museum.**
Prof. von Ihering records a male from the Rio Jurua, secured May 30, 1902.tT]

* Snethlage, Jowrn. f. Orn. 1907. p. 287.
¢ Eadem, /.c. 1908. p. 513.
t Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. p, 348.
§ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. ii. p. 95 (1889.—Reyes, N.E. Bolivia).
\| Proc. U.S. Mus. x. 1887. p. 524 (1888).
{ Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880. p. 160.
** D. cincta Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 17.
tt Microcerculus cinetus Ihering, Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. 1904. publ, 1905, p, 431.

( 362 )

242. Cercomacra sclateri Hellm.

Cercomacra sclateri Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xii. pp. 286, 288 (1905.—Chyavetas, East Peru).
C. caerulescens (nec Vieillot) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 84 (Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira ; Mattogrosso,
Rio Guaporé),

Nos. 90, 99, 401, 468. 3 ad., Calama, 22, 23. vi, 16, 27. viii, 1907.—Wing
64—66; tail 69—70; bill 17—184 mm.

No. 545. dad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 13. ix. 1907.— Wing 66 ; tail 66 ;
bill 17 mm. :

Nos. 170, 571. 29% ad. Calama, 6. vii. 1907; Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.—
Wing 60 ; tail 64; bill 164, 17 mm.

“ Tris grey or brown, feet black, bill black, lower mandible grey in females.”

Typical of C. sclateri, with the bend of the wing largely white, and with
distinct white apical margins to the upper wing-coverts. Two of the males are
very nearly as dark slate-grey as the type from Chyavetas, while the others are
paler schistaceous, more like the specimens from Parad and Itaitiba. An adult
male from the Rio Paris (Bom Lugar) is scarcely paler underneath than Peruvian
examples, but in the colour of the upper parts it resembles those from the Lower
Amazons.

To the range as given in Nov. Zool. xii. p. 288 the following localities are to
be added :—

N. Brazil: Sao Antonio do Prata (Hoffmauns, Snethlage), Rio Capim, Rio
Guaméa (Snethlage) ; Rio Tapajéz: Itaitiba (Hoffmanns), Villa Braga (Snethlage).
W. Brazil: Calama, Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira (Hoffmanns); Bom Lugar, Rio
Purts (Snethlage), Teffé, Rio Solimoéns (Hoffmanns). Besides, I have examined,
in the Paris Museum, 2 d¢ ad, 3 2? from Sarayacu, Eastern Peru, brought back
by the Castelnau Expedition.

243. Cercomacra nigrescens approximans Pelz.

[Perenostola nigrescens Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Heinean. ii. p. 10 (1859,—Cayenne). ]

Cercomacra approximans Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 85, 158 (1868.—Engenho do Gama and
Mattogrosso, Rio Guaporé),
C. nigrescens approvimans Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907 p. 372 (Borba).

No. 402. ¢ ad., Calama, 16. viii. 1907.—Wing 68 ; tail 64; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 640, 642. ¢ imm., 3 juv., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 8. x. 1907.

Nos. 615, 636, 661. 2 9? ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 3, 7, 10. x. 1907.—Wing
63—65 ; tail about 57; bill 16,—17 mm.

No. 795. 3 juv., Allianca, 20. xi, 1907 —Wing 65 ; tail 64; bill 16 mm.

The series agrees perfectly with others from Itaitiba (Tapajéz) and some of
Natterer’s typical specimens from the Guaporé. Peruvian skins (Pebas, Guaya-
bamba, Huambo, aud Garita del Sol) are slightly different, the males being darker,
more sooty both above and below, the females decidedly rufescent-brown (instead
of dull brownish olive) on the back. Whether these characters are constant I am
not in a position to say, owing to my material being too inadequate. C. serva (Scl.)
is very nearly allied to C. ». approximans. Although it would appear that both
species occur side by side in Bastern Ecuador as well as in certain districts of Pern,
yet their relationship is not at all clearly understood.

C. n. approximans ranges, in the east, to the left bank of the Tapajéz.

( 363 )

244. Formicivora grisea grisea (Bodd.).

Turdus grieseus (sic) Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 39 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl, 643, fig. 1 =:
Cayenne),

Formicivora grisea Pelzeln, l.c. p. 83 (Engenho do Gama, [Villa Bella de] Matogrosso, Rio

Guaporé ; Borba, Rio Madeira).

Nos. 600, 602, 719. dd ad, d imm., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 1, 19. x. 1907,—
Wing 55—56 ; tail 47—49 ; bill 183—15 mm.

Nos. 616, 618, 619, 637. ?¢, S. Isabel, 4, 7. x. 1907—Wing 54—55; tail
47—-49 ; bill 13—14 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeons or grey, bill black.”

Identical with specimens from Cayenne, British Guiana, Para, and Maranhao.
The Rio Madeira appears to form the western limits of its range south of the
Amazons ; the most southerly localities in Amazonia as yet known are Engenho
do Gama and Sao Vicente, on the Guaporé, where Natterer obtained a large suite.

I hope to discuss the various geographical races of the grisea group in another
paper shortly to appear.

[245. Formicivora rufa (Wied).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 372 (Humaytha),

Left bank of the Madeira: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Widely distributed in Central South America, ranging to the north as far as
Santarem, and eastward to Bahia. |

246. Formicivora quixensis bicolor Pelz.

[Thamnophilus quizensis Cornalia, Vertebr. Syn. Osculati Coll. p. 12 (1849.—Quixos, Eastern
Ecuador). }
Formicivora bicolor Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii. pp. 84, 156 (1868,—Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé :
Destacamento do Ribeirao, Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv.
1907. p. 373 (Borba).
Nos. 44, 91, 484, 744. dd ad., Calama, 15, 22. vi., 29. viii, 1. xi. 1907. “Iris
dark brown, feet and bill black.” —Wing 543—56 ; tail 50—53; bill 14 mm.
F. q. bicolor has lately been met with in various localities south of the main
valley of the Amazons. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it at Teffé (Rio Solimoéns), near
Itaituba, left bank of the Rio Tapajéz, as well as at Borba. Prof. Ihering received
specimens from the Rio Jurud,* and Miss Snethlage records it from Bom Lugar,
Purts.ft
The newly described F. consobrina microsticta Berl., ¢ from Cayenne, is also
much more nearly related to F. bicolor than to F. consobrina, differing only in its
stouter, broader bill and slightly shorter white tips to the outer rectrices. The
pattern of the wing-coverts is exactly the same in both forms. F. consobrina, from
Western Ecuador and Western Colombia, on the other hand, has much less white
in the tail, the white tips being only about half as long, and the white _ -
the greater upper wing-coverts are much larger, as correctly pointed out by | oun
Berlepsch. I have examined, in addition to the typical series of F. ee =
Tring, two adult males secured at Saint-Jean-du-Maroni by M. Le Moult, in the
collection of the Munich Museum.
5 a : eae
Tt S sdix tan, Bee. i Wee 1908. p. 16—F. consobrina (!) eadem, lc. p. 24; sprain
Mus. Goeldi v. 1908. p. 57.—1 have examined the examples, which are, of course, referable to /. .

F. consobrina is confined to Western Ecuador and W. Colombia.
t Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 157 (Rio Approuague, Cayenne).

( 364 )

F. q. quixensis (Cornalia), from Eastern Ecuador, has the white apical spots
on the greater wing-coverts nearly as large as /’. g. consobrina, but the white ends
of the outer rectrices are rather longer, and the dimensions greater. The female,
moreover, differs at a glance from those of F. bicolor, microsticta, and consobrina
by having the throat and sides of the head, like the pileum and back, black
with a slight gloss, while, in its allies, the throat is ferruginous or chestnut-rufous
like the rest of the belly, the sides and top of the head are slate-grey, ete.

All the black-and-white Formicivorae represent each other geographically, and
are therefore more properly designated by trinomials.

247. Myrmeciza hemimelaena pallens Berl. & Hellm.
[Myrmeciza hemimelaena Sclater, Proc, Zool, Soc. Lond. xxv, 1857. p. 48 (1857.—Bolivia).]
Formicivora ruficauda (nec Myiothera ruficauda Wied, 1831) Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras, ii. p. 155
(1868.—Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Matogrosso, Western Matogrosso) ; Hellmayr,
__ Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien liii. 1903. p. 213.

Myrmeciza hemimelaena pallens Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ. f. Ornith. 1905. p. 32 (January 1905.—
Matogrosso). ;
Drymophila jurwana Thering, Revist. Mus. Paulist, vi. 1904, p. 442 (May 1905.—Rio Juru4: new

name for Ff’, ruficauda Pelz. preoccupied).

Nos. 247, 311, 319. dd ad., d imm., Calama, 22, 31. vii., 1. viii. 1907.—Wing
56—57 ; tail 38; bill 15 mm.

No. 555. d ad., Jamarysinho, 15, ix. 1907.—Wing 56; tail 34; bill 14 mm.

Nos. 970, 1022. dod ad., Maruins, 4, 16. vii. 1908—Wing 57—58; tail 34—36;
bill 144.—15 mm.

Nos. 263, 316. ?? ad., Calama, 24. vii., 1. viii, 1907—Wing 53, 54; tail
37, 39; bill 144 mm.

No. 567. $ imm., Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.—Wing 54 ; tail 354; bill 14 mm.

No. 980. ? ad., Maruins, 9. viii, 1908.—Wing 55; tail 35; bill 14 mm.

“Tris brown, feet flesh-colour, light yellow or greyish yellow, bill black.”

The. males. differ from a series of M. h. hemimelaena from Bolivia and South-
Eastern Peru. by their paler, cinnamomeous instead of castaneous, colour of the
back and wings, clearer cinnamon-rufous tail, and much lighter, fulvescent, not
deep rufescent brown, flanks. Besides, the black is restricted to the throat and
foreneck (while, in the typical race, it is continued over the chest), and the white
area on the breast and middle of abdomen much more extended. The other
character alluded to by Berlepsh & Hellmayr, viz. the colour of the pileum and
nape, however, does not seem to be quite constant, for one or two specimens from
the Rio Madeira are not different on this score from typical MZ h. hemimelaena
from Bolivia.

The females are always readily distinguishable from those of the latter form
by having the throat and foreneck very much paler, ochraceous instead of
ferruginous, the middle of the belly nearly white instead of ochraceous buff, and
all the upper parts much lighter-coloured.

-The range of the two forms is as follows :—

(a) M. hemimelaena hemimelaena Scl.
North Bolivia: San Mateo, Yungas of Cochabamba (G. Garlepp—Mus.
H. v. B.), Yuracarés (D’Orbigny *). South-Hastern Peru: Marcapata, Cuzco (0.

by Thamnophilus guttatus (errore!) D’Orbigny, Voyage, Oiseaua p. 177,—I have examined D’Orbigny’s
be gr example, an adult male, in the Paris Museum, and found it identical with others from
-E. Peru.

( 365 )

Garlepp—Mus. H. v. B., Vienna), North Pern: Xeberos (Bartlett), Huambo
(Stolzmann), R, Huallaga, [? Eastern Ecuador: Sarayacn:]

N.B.—Specimens from Huambo agree with the Bolivian ones. Having never
seen Ecuadorian birds, I cannot say whether they have been correctly referred to
the present form. In the Chanchamayo district, Central Peru, a nearly allied
species, MM. spodiogastra Berl. & Stolz.,* takes its place.

(6) M. hemimelaena pallens Berl. & Hellm.

Western Brazil: Engenho do Gama, Villa Bella de Mattogrosso, on the Rio
Guaporé (Natterer); Calama, Rio Madeira; Jamarysinho, Maruins on the Rio
Machados (Hoffmanns) ; Rio Jurad (Garbe).

[248. Myrmeciza ferruginea (P. L. S. Miill.).

Turdus ferrugineus P. L, S. Miiller, Natursyst, Suppl. p. 141 (1776.—based on “Merle a cravate,
de Cayenne,” D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 560. fig. 2.—Cayenne).

Turdus cinnamomeus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 825 (1789.—based on the same).

Myrmeciza cinnamomea Pelzeln, !.c. p. 87 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). This is the most southerly locality from
which the species has been recorded.. Miss Snethlage,t lately, secured a male
at Villa Braga, on the left bank of the Tapajéz. It is common in Cayenne,
Surinam, and British Guiana. Mr. Hoffmanns sent a female from Obidos, north
side of the Amazons. |

249. Anoplops hoffmannsi Hellm.

Anoplops hoffmannsi Hellmayr, Bult, B. O. C. xix. p. 52 (1907,—Borba, Rio Madeira) ; idem, Nov.
Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 387. pl. iii. figs. 2,3 (¢ ?).

Nos. 40, 126. do ad. Calama, 14, 29. vi. 1907.—Wing 793, 81 ; tail 53, 54 ;
bill 18 mm.

Nos. 118, 119. dd imm., Calama, 28. vi. 1907.—Wing 81 ; tail 52, 54; bill
173—18 mm. :

No. 320. ¢ juv., Calama, 1. viii. 1907.—Wing 78 ; tail 51; bill 18 mm.

No, —. o ad, Allianca, xi. 1907.—Wing 80}; tail 53; bill 17 mm.

No. 944. 3 imm., Marnins, 26. vi. 1908.—Wing 79; tail 54; bill 174 mm.

Nos. 24, 25, 54, 115, 116, 117, 384. ? ? ad., imm. et juv., Calama, 12, 17, 28.
vi., 12, viii. 1907.—Wing 75—80 ; tail 50—54 ; bill 17—18 mm.

Nos. 762, 764. ? ad., $ juv., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.—Wing 80, 74; tail
524, 50; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 894, 941.9 ? ad, Marnins, 1, 26. vi. 1908—Wing 76, 78; tail 52, 53;
bill 17 mm. ;

“Tris greyish brown or brown, feet plumbeous or black, naked space round the
eye yellowish green. Bill black, lower mandible grey in the females.”

Mr. Hoffmanns now sent us a fine series of this species, which he had diséovered
on his first expedition to the Rio Madeira in 1906, Adult males have the top of
the head and crest deep black, the back very pale (greyish) olive, and the abdomen
slate-grey with a slight brownish tinge on flanks and crissam. In immature birds
the forehead and crest are more or less mixed with chestnut, and the back as well

* Ibis 1894, p. 397. t Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 512,

( 366 )
as the belly strongly washed with olive- or rufescent brown. Sometimes a few
narrow, blackish cross-bands are to be seen here and there on the mantle. The
young male (No. 320) is even more decidedly rufescent both above and below, with
the forehead and crest uniform dull chestnut.

Young females differ from adult ones by having the upper wing-coverts
distinctly rusty brown with the black subapical bands much narrower, and the
apical margins less defined as well as of a deeper, more cinnamomeons tinge.

A, hoffmannsi is as yet only known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira.
It is strictly congeneric with A. gymnops (Ridgw.),* A. cristata (Pelz.),t and
A. berlepschi Snethl.,t all of which agree perfectly in structural details, but I do
not see how this group can be separated generically from Anoplops.

[250. Anoplops salvini (Berl.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 385 (Humaytha).

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha, where Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a
large series on his first journey in 1906.]

[251. Anoplops melanosticta (Scl. & Salyv.).
Pithys melanosticta Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880. p. 160 (1880.—Sarayagu, East
Ecuador), descr. orig. 2.
Anoplops melanosticta Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 386. pl. iii, fig. 1 (= @), deser. ¢ 9
(Humaytha).
Gymmnopithys melanosticta Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 17 (Cachoeira, Purts).
G. purusianus Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi v. no, 1. p. 59 (1908.—Cachoeira, Purtis), descr. ¢.
Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Humaytha. Also obtained at Cachoeira, Rio
Purts, on the Rio Jurnd, and near Sarayacu, Eastern Eenador (type). When
Count Berlepsch, some years ago, sent me one of the Parts specimens for com-
parison with the type in the British Museum, I at once suggested the probability
of their being male and female of the same species. This view has been fully
confirmed by the sexed specimens which Mr. Hoffmanns, shortly afterwards,
forwarded to the Tring Museum. (G. purusianus is, therefore, a synonym of
A, melanosticta, the supposed specific characters being those of the adult male.
An immature male from the Rio Jurné (in the Musen Paulista), which I have
lately had an opportunity of inspecting, has the belly very nearly as dark sepia-
brown as the type from Sarayacu.]

252. Rhopoterpe torquata (Bodd.).
Formicarius torquatus Boddaert, Tabl, Pl. enl. p. 43 (1783.—based on “ Le F illi y sé
D'Aubenton, Pl. enl, 700, fig. 1: Cayenne). ro gegg Abe dor: aes hey
Rhopoterpe torquata Pelzeln, l.c. p. 90 (Borba).

Nos. 954, 956, 963, 991. oo ad. and imm., Marnins, 29, 31. vi., 10. vii. 1908.

“Tris brown, feet greyish brown, bill black.”—Wing 91—98; tail 39—41; bill
23—24 mm.

* Rhegmatorhina gymnops Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 1887. p. 525 (1888,—Diamantina,
Santarem, right bank of Tapajéz). Lately rediscovered by Miss Snethlage on the Rio Jamauchim, a
tributary of the Tapajéz.

| Pithys cristata Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. ii, p. 166 (1868.—Rio Vaupé, upper Rio Negro).

: ms PPP berlepschi Snethlage, Orn. Monatsber. xy. p. 162 (1907.—Villa Braga, left bank of the
apajéz). :

( 367 )

Nos. 955, 959, 960, 961, 971, 989, 990. 29 ad. and imm., Maruins, 29, 30. vi.,
5, 10. vii, 1908. “Iris brown, feet grey or greyish brown, bill black.”— Wing
91—99 ; tail 383—42; bill 223-24 mm.—* Lives on the ground” (W. H.).

The majority of the skins have the apical bands of the upper wing-coverts
rather deeper, more ochraceous buff, than Guianan specimens ; in immature birds
these edges are much narrower and paler in colour. All examples (of both sexes)
have a pure white band across the inner web of the remiges.

R. torquata has rather a wide range in South America east of the Andes. It is
common in French and British Guiana ; Natterer met with it at Barra do Rio Negro
(= Mandos) and near Borba ; Buckley obtained specimens at Sarayacu, in Eastern
Ecuador ; Linden procured it near Santarem,* and Snethlage near Monte Alegre on
the Amazons,t in Villa Braga, Tapajéz, as well as at Alcobaca, Tocantins.f
In Western Ecuador, Colombia, and Costa Rica no representative of the genus has
as yet been ascertained to occur, though in Nicaragua a very near ally, R. stictoptera
Salvin,t is met with. It differs by having the pileam much daller, rufescent
brown with distinct blackish edges to the feathers (instead of nearly uniform deep
rufous brown); the upper and under tail-coverts dull rafescent brown (not bright
cinnamon-rufous) ; the rectrices dull olive-brown ; the pale band across the inner
web of the remiges and the under wing-coverts bright buff (the latter being, in
R. torquata, banded with black and white), etc., etc. The female, like that of
R. torquata, has the throat and foreneck ferruginous (not black). There are two
$d and one ¢ from Nicaragua (Matagalpa and Rio Grande) in the Tring Museum.

[253. Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata (Lafr. & D’Orb.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 388,

Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Hamaytha (Hoffmanns). Not obtained on his
second trip. ]

254. Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani Ridgw.

Phlegopsis bowmani (Riker MS.) Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 1887. p. 524 (1888.—Diamantina
near Santarem, right bank of Tapajéz) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Orn, 1908. p. 513 (Villa Braga,
left bank of Tapajéz).

P. nigromaculata (nec Lafr, & Orb.) Pelzeln, i.c. p. 90 (part. : Borba).

Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 388 (Borba).

Nos. 26, 60, 65, 230, 313, 376, 385. dd ad., imm., and juov., Calama, 12, 17.

vi., 16, 31. vii, 11, 12. viii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black, naked space

round the eye bright red.”—Wing 87—94; tail 57—62 ; bill 20—21 mm.

Nos. 43, 55, 62, 69, 266, 558 9 ad. and imm., Calama, 14, 17, 18. vi.

24. viii, 17. ix. 1907. Soft parts as above-—Wing 86—90; tail 57—62; bill

19—21 mm.

Nos. 748, 756. oo ad., Allianca, 6, 7. xi. 1907.—Wing 91, 92; tail 56, 62;

bill 20 mm.

Nos. 746, 749. 22 ad., Allianca, 5, 6. xi. 1907.—Wing 84, 85; tail 57, 60;

bill 18, 19 mm.

Nos. 976, 994, 1025. od ad., 3 imm., Maruins, 6, 10, 16. vii. 1908.—Wing

91—93 ; tail 62—63; bill 20 mm.

* Allen, Bull. Essex Inst. viii. 1876. p. 80.

t Journ. f. Orn. 1907. p. 287 ; Zc. 1908. pp. 513, 533. :
t Bull. B. O. C. i. p. xxxii, (1893,—Santo Domingo, Nicaragua),

( 368 )

No. 1065. ¢ ad., Manicoré (Las Oncas), 20. viii. 1908—Wing 88 ; tail 59 ;
bill 193 mm.

This large series differs from Teffé and Humaytha specimens of P. 2. nigroma-
culata in the shape of the black markings on the back, and especially on the upper
wing-coverts, as described by me /.c. p. 388. While, in most specimens, the ground-
colour above is brighter, a fine golden yellowish olive, some examples from Calama
are hardly to be distinguished on this score. The amount of white on the bend of
the wing is much greater than in P. n. nigromaculata.

Immature birds have the black spots on the ramp less defined and slightly
edged with rusty, the black colour below is more restricted, etc. Young birds
(e.g. No, 376) are characterized by the fluffy greater upper wing-coverts having a
broad central streak of black, reaching nearly to the base, bordered on each side by
a distinct cinnamon-rufous margin ; the upper parts, too, are rather rufescent brown,
and the olive-brown of the flanks is far more extended.

P.n. bowmani replaces the typical form on the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
ranging eastward to the Tapajéz, where it apparently occurs on both sides of the
river. I have, however, not yet examined specimens from the type-locality
(Santarem), and therefore cannot vouch for the correct identification of the present
series.

[255. Phlegopsis erythroptera (Gould).
Hellmayr, Nov: Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 389 (Humaytha). ©

‘Left bank of the Rio Madeira : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).}

[256. Phlegopsis borbae Hellm.
Hellmayr, /.c. p. 389( Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Hoffmanns). It is to be regretted that Mr. Hoffmanns did
not obtain additional material of this species, of which the type, an immature male,
remains unique in the Tring Museum. |

257. Formicarius colma (Bodd.).

Formicarius Colma Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 44 (1783.—based on “‘ Le Colma, de Cayenne”
D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 703. fig. 1 = 9 ad.: Cayenne); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 390
(Humaytha).

FP. nigrifrons Gould.

Nos. 912, 975. fd ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 7. vi., 6. vii. 1908.— Wing 85,
89; tail 53; bill 17, 18 mm. |

Nos. 291, 705, (¢¢), Calama, 29. vii, S. Isabel, 16. x. 1907.—Wing 85, 87;
tail 53; bill 18 mm.

Nos. 17, 71. ¢& juv., juv., Calama, 10, 18. vi. 1907.

“¢ Iris brown, feet brown, bill black.”

The series is typical of #’. colma, the forehead in the adults being broadly glossy
black. Below, the black extends down over the chest, as is usually the case in
Upper Amazonian specimens, but cf. my remarks /.c. It is surprising to find this
Species also on the right bank, where we should have expected F. ruficeps amazonicus
alone to occur. This fact suggests their specific distinctness. On his first
expedition in 1906 Mr. Hoffmanns met with F. colma near Humaytha, left bank of
the Madeira,

( 369 )

(258. Formicarius ruficeps amazonicus Hellm.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 390 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns); Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé
(Natterer).

F. 7, amazonicus differs from the preceding species by having the forehead
cinnamon-rufous like the crown. Moreover, the female has the throat black,

with but a few narrow, concealed white shaft-lines. In F colma 2 the lores
and throat are entirely white.]

*59. Formicarius analis analis (afr. & D’Orb.).

Myothera avalis Latresnaye & D'Orbigny, Syx. Av. i. in Mag. Zool. 1837, cl. ii. p- 14 (1837.—

Yuracarés, Chiquitos, East Bolivia) ; Pelzaln, Zur Orn. Bras, ii. p. 99 (Salto do Girao,
Borba).

Formicarius a, analis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 391 (Humaytha, Borba),

No, 503. ¢ ad., Calama, 1, ix, 1907,— Wing 88; tail 50; bill 21 mm.

No. 622. 3 ad., 8. Isabel, 4. x. 1907.—Wing 90; tail 55; bill 21 mm.

Less rufous on the upper parts than specimens from the Rio Paris and Para,
but not otherwise different. About the geographical variation and range of this
form and its nearest ally, F. a. crissalis, cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 391-2.

260. Grallaria varia varia (Bodd.).

Formicarius varius Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. ev, p. 44 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 702:
Cayenne).
No. 47. ¢ jun., Calama, 15. vi, 1907,—Wing 114; tail 43; tars. 43; bill

2) mm,
No. 46, ? imm., Calama, 15, vi. 1907.—Wing 120; tail 45; tars. 43}; bill

24 mm.

‘Tris dark brown, feet and bill greyish brown.”

Both are immature birds with distinct buff apical spots oa the median and
greater wing-coverts, and with dusky subapical cross-bands on the upper tail-coverts
and rectrices. They differ from two other specimens [ex Cayenne and British
Guiana (Camacusa)] in the following points: the foreneck is paler, olive-brown
(instead of dark chocolate) ; the back lighter and more greenish, with the buff shaft-
lines more clearly defined; the upper tail-coverts and rectrices are much brighter,
clear cinnamon-rnfous (instead of dull rufous brown); the axillaries and under
wing-coverts paler orange, etc. In other respects they agree closel y with the typical
Guianan birds. Until adult specimens come to hand it is impossible to say whether
the Madeira form is separable from varia or not. G. v. cinereiceps Hellm.,* =
the upper Rio Negro, however, is perfectly distinct by its generally mach brig ri
ochraceous under parts, clear rufous brown throat and foreneck, etc. e
type in the Vienna Museum is still unique.

G. v, varia is new to the Brazilian fauna.

261. Grallaria brevicauda (Bodd.).
; ‘ : ie. Ug. bs
Formicarius brevicauda Boddaert, Twbl. Pl. enl. p. 44 (1783.—2x D Aubenton, PI. enl. 706. fig
Cayenne).
Grallaria brevicauda Pelzeln, lc, p. 91 (Borba). 3 coe
Nos. 216,255, dad. d imm,, Calama, 13, 23. vii, 1907.—Wing 89, 85 ; tai
AO, 41; bill 20, 19 mm.

* Verhandl, Zool, Bot. Gesellsch, Wien liii. p. 218 (1903,—Marabitanas, upper Rio 4

( 370 )

No. 324. % jan., Calama, 3. viii, 1907.—Wing 85; tail 38; bill 19 mm.

“ Tris brown or blackish, feet pale grey, bill black, below grey.”

Specimens from the Rio Madeira (Calama, Borba) and Manios (= Barra do Rio
Negro) are rather more rufescent brown above than a series from Cayenne, British
Guiana, and Marabitanas (upper Rio Negro), while others from the Jurudé and
Javarri Rivers, and from Peru (Chuchurras, Hudnuco) have the upper parts paler,
more olivaceous. The latter apparently represent G. brevicauda minor Tacz.,*
though the differences in size do not prove to be constant. A larger series is
required to establish the geographical races of G. brericauda,

262, Grallaria macularia diluta n. subsp.

[Pitta macularia Temminck, Pl. col. Genus Pitta, 2°™° section, esp. 11 (1823.—“ Brésil,” errore !
we substitute Cayenne).]

Grallaria macularia berlepschi (nec Hellmayr 1993!) Snethlage, Orn. Monber, xv. p. 195 (1907.—
Ourtm, Rio Guam4, near Para).

G. macularia (nec Temminck) Pelzeln, /.c. p, 91 (Rio Negro below Thomar),

No, 272. $ imm., Calama, 26, vii. 1907. “ Iris dark brown, feet plumbeous,
bill black, below grey.”—Wing 88; tail 36; tars. 36 ; bill 19 mm.

Similar to G. m. macularia of Cayenne and British Guiana, but wing decidedly,
tail slightly longer; sides and flanks very much paler, dull ochreous yellow with
an olive tinge (instead of deep ochraceous),

Type in the Vienna Museum ; No, 16440, d ad., Rio Negro, below Thomar,
December 6, 1830, Collected by J. Natterer.—Wing 89 ; tail 37; tars. 354; bill
20 mm.

Mus. Goeldi: ¢ ad., Onrém, Rio Guam, December 5, 1903. Type of G. m.
berlepschi Snethl.—Wing 90 ; tail 37; tars. 37; bill 19 mm,

This form had been separated by Miss Snethlage under the preoccupied name
G. m. berlepschi., I have examined the original example from Ourém, and found it
perfectly identical with Natterer’s bird. The female from Calama, although
immature, shows the same differences. In a series of nine specimens of G. m.
macularia from Cayenne and British Gaiana the wing varies from 81 to 86, the tail
from 29 to 34 mm. ; the sides and flanks are invariably deep ochraceous.

I suspect that the birds from Loretoyacu f and Iquitos,t North Peru, will also
turn out to belong to G. m. diluta, unless they be referable to G. fulviventris Scl. §
The latter species, of which I have seen two specimens, the type and another from
Sarayacu, Eastern Keuador, in the British Museum, differs from G. m. macularia
and G. m. diluta by lacking the ochreous yellow apical spots to the upper wing-
coverts, and the ochreous edges to the outer primaries and the outermost bastard
quill; the cheeks and ear-coverts are uniform slaty blackish; the tail is russet-
brown (instead of brownish olive), the chest deep ochraceous buff like the sides
(instead of white); furthermore, there is no orange rim round the eye nor any trace
of the black maxillary stripe, ete. In the amount of black spotting on the breast,
as well as in the dark slate-grey cap, it agrees with the macularia group.

G. berlepschi Hellm.|| resembles G. fulviventris in having the chest deep

* Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1882. p. 33 (1882,—Y urimaguas, Peru),
t Bartlett, P. ZS. Lond, 1882. p. 374: G. macularia.
t Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 324: G@, macularia.

§ Sclater, P. Z.8, Lond, xxvi. 1858, p. 68 (1858.—Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador).
|| Verhandl, Zool, Bot, Gesellsch, Wien liii. p. 218 (1903,—Engenho do Gama, Mattogrosso),

( 371 )

ochraceous buff like the sides, but may at once be distinguished by the following
characters: the top of the head is pale brownish olive like the back (not slate-
grey) ; the cheeks and ear-coverts are light ochreous (instead of slate-blackish) ; the
upper mandible light horn-colour (instead of blackish), etc., etc. Besides the type
from Engenho do Gama, Western Mattogrosso, I have examined an adult female and
a young male which were obtained at Bom’ Lugar, Rio Puris, in March 1904, and
are actually preserved in the Para Museum.

263, Conopophaga melanogaster Ménétr.

Conopophaga melanoyaster Ménétriés, Mém. A>, Sci, St. Pétersb. (6) i. (Sci. Nat.) p. 537. tab. 15. fig. 2
(1835.—* prés de Cuyaba,” lozality probably erroneous) ; Pelzaln, Zur Ornith. Bras. ii. p, 92
(Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p, 22 (Itaittiba, Rio Tapajdz) ; Saethlage, Journ, f. Ornith,
1908. p. 514 (Villa Braga, Tapajéz). te

C. rusbyi Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus, ii, p. 96 (1889.—Reyes on the Rio Beni, North Bolivia),
descr. 9.

Nos. 314, 178. 6 ad., d vix ad., Calama, 8. vi., 1. viii. 1907. “ Iris brown,
feet bluish black or plumbeous, bill black.”—Wing 81, 80; tail 40; tars. 33;
bill 18 mm.

No, 613. d imm., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 3. x. 1907. “Iris dark brown, fect
plumbeous, bill black.”—Wing 78 ; tail 42 ; bill 17 mm.

No. 993. ¢ ad., Maruins, 10. vii. 1908. “ Iris dark brown, feet dark grey, bill
black.”"—Wing 80; tail 42; tars. 32; bill 18 mm.

No. 958. 2 ad., Marnins, 30. vi. 1908. “Iris brown, feet plumbeons, bill
black.”—Wing 79; tail 42; tars. 32; bill 174 mm.

Adult males have the lower surface down to the anal region deep black, the
flanks and under tail-coverts light rufescent brown mottled with ashy. In immature
males the middle of the abdomen is cinereous mixed with whitish, the feathers of
the breast show narrow, greyish edges, and the greater upper wing-coverts are
dusky tipped with cinnamomeons (instead of being uniform chestuut-rafous).

The female had not been properly described until Dr. J . A. Allen received the
type of C. rusbyi. His description agrees minutely with the female sent by
Mr. Hoffmanns, and three others obtained by Natterer near Borba.

C. melanogaster, by far the finest species of the genus, is only known from the
Rio Madeira and its tributaries (Rio Beni, R. Machados), and spe, the left bank of
the Tapajéz (Itaitiba, Villa Braga). The original locality “Cuyaba” requires
confirmation, ;

264. Conopophaga aurita (Gm.).
Turdus auritus Gmelin, Syst. Nat, 1. ii, p. 827 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl, 822: Cayenne).

No. 751. 3 imm., Allianca, 6. xi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet greyish black, bill
black.” — Wing 69 ; tail 34; tars. 26; bill 18} mm. :
This bird agrees with others from Eastern Ecuador and Western cima
(Rio Javarri) in having the middle of the belly buffy, and the sides '¢ a et
extent decidedly rufescent brown. Cf. Ménégaux & Hellmayr, Bull, Mus, Paris xi.

No. 6 (published January 1906) p. 374.
Pie that the birds from Amazonia (Eastern Ecuador, Northern Pera, and

North Brazil) will prove to be separable from the typical race, but I should like to_
examine a better series from Cayenne before proposing a name,

( 372 )

265. Corythopis torquata anthoides (Puch.).
(Corythopis torquata Tschudi, Arch, Naturg. 10. i. p. 279 (1844,—Peru). |
Muscicapa anthotdes Pucheran, Arch. Mus. Paris vii. p. 334 (1855.—Cayenne).
Corythopis anthoides Pelzeln, l.c. p. 92 (Borba).
(. t. anthoides Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 392 (Humaytha).
No, 442. ¢ ad., Calama, 13. viii. 1907.—Wing 69 ; tail 52; bill 14 mm.
No. 560. 9 ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.—Wing —; tail 50; bill 14 mm.
No. 934. dg ad., Maruins, 19. vi. 1908— Wing 664 ; tail 53}; bill 14% mm.
No. 921. (2) ad. Maruins, 10. vi. 1908.—Wing 64; tail 50 ; bill 14 mm.
“ Tris brown or greyish brown, feet grey, bill black, lower mandible yellowish
grey or flesh-colour.” :
All the specimens have the top of the head warm brown like the back, not
slate-grey. Cf. Berlepsch & Hellmayr, Journ. f. Ornith. 1905. p. 17.
According to Mr. Hoffmanns, this bird frequents thickets in the primeval forest
and keeps near the ground.

266. Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus (Scl.).
Pteroptochus thoracicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Nov. 1864. p. 609. pl. xxxviii. (1865.—

“ Salto do Girao, on the left bank of the Rio Madeira”) ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. i, 1867,

p. 46 (Salto do Girao, Borba).

No. 774. ¢ ad., Allianca, 9. xi. 1907.— Wing 73; tail 80; tars. 26; bill 17 mm.

No. 214. g imm., Calama, 13. vii. 1907—Wing 72; tail 78; tars, 26};
bill 165 mm.

Nos. 215, 803. 22 fere ad. Calama, 13. vii. 1907; Allianca, 27. xi. 1907.—
Wing 73; tail 76, 81; tars. 26; bill 17 mm.

“Tris greyish brown or brown, feet brown, bill black, lower mandible yellowish
grey.”

The adult male has the pileam and nape smoky grey ; the back russet-brown,
the mantle paler and more olive ; the innermost flanks and the under tail-coverts
washed with rufescent brown. In immature birds the upper parts are of a deeper,
more chestnut brown, the pileam and nape tinged with brownish; the sides of
breast and abdomen are more strongly suffused with rusty brown, and the feathers
of the throat show more or less distinct dusky edges. Moreover, the young male
(No. 214) has the romp and upper tail-coverts conspicuously barred or streaked
with black, and the edges to the upper wing-coverts of a brighter, more cinna-
momeous tinge.

All of the specimens have the foreneck extensively sulphur-yellow with a
number of dull orange-red spots. The rectrices are blackish, edged with dull
rufous brown edges along the basal half of the outer web. The upper mandible
is black, the lower one, with the exception of the tomiae, horny white.

L. t. thoracicus appears to inhabit both banks of the Rio Madeira. Natterer
met with it at Salto do Girao, on the left side, as well as at Borba, on the right
bank, where Mr. Hoffmanns also obtained his examples. No other specimens are
on record. <A nearly allied form, LZ. thoracicus erithacus Scl.,* however, occurs in
Eastern Ecuador, where it was discovered by the late C. Buckley. It merely
differs by its rather stronger bill, and by lacking the sulphnur-yellow tinge on
the foreneck, the latter being spotted with dull orange-red on a pure white
ground.

* Liosceles erithacus Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 345 (1890,—Sarayagu, Eastern Ecuador).
+ 7

( 373 )
267. Threnetes leucurus (Linn.).
Trochilus leucurus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 190 (1766.—based on Edwards, Glean, Nat. Hist,

p. 99. pl. 256. fig. sup. : Surinam).

Threnetes leucurus Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv, p. 392 (Humaytha, Paraiso).

No. 9. ¢ vix ad., Calama, 9. vi. 1907.—Wing 63 ; tail 37; bill 28 mm.

Nos, 866, 879, 880. gd ad., Marmellos, 25, 29. xii. 1907.—Wing 61—62;
tail 35—36 ; bill 30 mm.

No. 61. 2 imm., Calama, 17. vi. 1907.—Wing 56; tail 33 mm.

Nos. 842, 860. 2? ad., Marmellos, 21, 24. xii. 1907.—Wing 55, 56; tail
32, 324; bill 30 mm.

“Tris black, feet greyish pink, bill black, lower mandible greyish with
dusky tip.”

The light portions of the outer tail-feathers are pure white as in topotypical
Surinam examples, from which I am unable to separate the Madeira series.
TL. leucurus, besides occurring in French, Dutch, and British Guiana, is also widely
distributed in Amazonia. Mr. Hoffmanns obtained it at various places on the
Rio Madeira, as well as near Teffé, Rio Solimoéns (cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 74).

268. Glaucis hirsuta (Gm.).
Trochilus hirsutus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, i. p. 490 (1788.—ex Brisson: ex Maregrave: ‘ Brasilia,”

sc, Eastern Brazil).
Glaucis hirsuta Hellmayr, l.c. p. 392 (Humaytha, Borba).

Nos. 758, 29. d ad., juv., Calama, 12. vi., 10. ix. 1907.—d ad.: wing 60;
tail 39 mm.

Nos. 649, 651, 697. dd ad., S. Isabel, 9, 15, 16. x. 1907.—Wing 63; tail
41—43 mm.

No. 651. ? ad., 8S. Isabel, 9.x. 1907. |

Nos. 840, 841, 861, 862, 864, 865, 867, 869. dd ad. et imm., Marmellos, 21,
25, 26. xii. 1907.

Nos. 839, 861, 876. ? 2% ad., 2 juv., Marmellos, 21, 24, 27. xii. 1907.

The females are dull cinnamomeons below, with the middle of the belly white,
while the males are much darker and strongly suffused with grey.

269. Phoethornis ochraceiventris Hellm.

Phoethornis affinis ochraceiventris Hellmayr, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 54 (1907.—Humaytha),
P, ochraceiventris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 393 (Humaytha, Teffé).

No. 7. 2 ad., Calama, 9. vi. 1907. “Iris blackish, feet greyish brown, bill
black, below red.”—Wing 59; rectr. med. 71, submed, 40, ext. 28 ; bill 36 mm.

Compared with the type, this bird is smaller with a shorter bill, and the
colour of the foreneck and chest duller, brownish buff, the abdomen and under
tail-coverts alone being bright ochraceous buff. The edges to the outer rectrices
are, however, clear cinnamon as in the Teffé and Humaytha specimens. :

The species ranges from the Madeira Valley to Teffé, on the Solimoéns.

270. Phoethornis hispidus hispidus (Gould).

Trochilus (?) hispidus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, xiv. 1846. p. 90 Shiba Peru?” errore! the
type was obtained in Bolivia by Bridges ; cf, Monogr. Trochil. i. pl. 22).
Phoethornis hispidus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 394 (Humaytha, Borba),

Nos. 434, 628. ¢ ad., od imm., Calama, 20. viii. 1907; S. Isabel, Rio Preto,
5. x. 1907.—Wing 59; tail 64, 61; bill 32, 33 mm.

( 374 )

Nos. 191, 242, 663, 664, 673. 29 ad., Calama, 8, 19. vil. 1907; S. Isabel,
10, 11. x. 1907.—Wing 52—55 ; tail 60—64 ; bill 30—32 mm.

Nos, 767, 807. ? ? ad., Allianca, 8, 30. xi. 1907.—Wing 54, 53; bill 30 mm.

No. 852. ¢ ad., Marmellos, 23. xii. 1907.— Wing 57 ; tail 64; bill 32 mm.

Nos, 825, 831, 843, 852, 878. $9 ad. et imm., Marmellos, 18, 19, 21, 23, 28.
xii. 1907.— Wing 52—53 ; tail 57—61; bill 30—31 mm.

“Tris and feet black, bill black, below yellowish green.”
_ The birds from the Rio Madeira are perfectly similar to topotypical specimens
from Bolivia (Salinas, Beni; Guarayos) and others from Peru (Samiria, Sarayacu).
The edges to the upper tail-coverts and feathers of the rump are hoary or whitish
in the adults, while they are decidedly buff in the northern race, P. hispidus
eillosus Lawr.,* occurring in Bogota collections, on the Upper Orinoco (Nericagua),
ete.

271. Phoethornis philippii (Boure.).

Trochilus philippii Bourcier, Ann. Soc. Agric, Lyon x. p. 623 (1847,—“ Bolivia ”).
Phoethornis philippit Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 394 (Humaytha, Borba).

No, 237. df ad., Calama, 18. vii. 1907.—Wing 62; med. rectr. 64, submed. 38,
ext. 30; bill 32 mm.

No, 235, ¢ imm., Calama, 18. vii. 1907.—Wing 58; med. rectr. 66, submed, 36,
ext. 25; bill 33 mm.

No. 542. Adult, Jamarysinho, 13. ix, 1907.—Wing 64; med. rectr. 67, submed.
38, ext. 28; bill 354 mm.

No. 768, % ad., Allianca, 8. xi. 1907.—Wing 58 ; med. rectr. 64; bill 32 mm.

Nos. (not numbered). ¢ ad., 3 vix ad., Calama, 10, 12. ix. 1908.—Wing 63, 59 ;
med. rectr. 64, 60, submed. 38, 36, ext. 29, 25; bill 33, 31 mm.

“Tris brown or black, feet black, bill black, lower mandible (except tip) red
or yellowish red.”

The immature female (No. 235) has the bill slightly decurved. To the range
given in Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 395 the above localities are to be added, as also
Cachoeira, Rio Purtis, whence Miss Snethlage+ has lately recorded a single
specimen, P. philippii, until recently a very rare bird in collections, appears to be

widely distributed in Brazilian Amazonia, from the Solimoéns to the Madeira
Valley.

272. Phoethornis ruber ruber (Linn.).
Trochilus ruber Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 121 (1758,—ex Edwards, Ornith. i. p. 32. pl. 32. fig. sup. :
Surinam) ; cf, Nov. Zool. xiii, p- 375.
P. ruber ruber Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 395 (Humaytha).
Phaetornis Davidianus Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 27 (Borba),

No. 8. Juy., Calama, 9. vi. 1907.—Wing 32 ; tail 32 ; bill 20 mm.

No. 183. $, Calama, 7. vii, 1907.—Wing 33; tail 32; bill 21 mm.

No. 926. ¢ juv., Marnins, 12, vi. 1908.—Wing 33; tail 34; bill 22 mm.

“Tris black, feet yellow, bill black, lower mandible yellowish green, tip
(8 to 9 mm.) black.” =

The three specimens are in the “eremita” plumage, with pointed rcctrices

: * Phact vornis villosus Lawrence, Ann, Lye, Nat. Hist. N. York vi. p. 258 (1858.—E-uador ; Santé
Fé de Bogota).

T Joxrn. f. Orn. 1908. p. 18,

( 375 )
with long, cinnamon-rafons tips. They agree perfectly with Cayenne skins in
corresponding plumage.

273. Campylopterus obscurus aequatorialis Gonld.

[Campylopterus obscurus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud, xvi. 1848, p. 13 (1848.—‘ River Amazon,”
se. Para), ]
C. aequatorialis Gould, Introd. Trochilid, p, 54 (1861.—“ neighbourhood of Quito ”).

Nos. 38, 1385. dd ad., Calama, 13, 30. vi. 1907.—Wing 76, 74; tail 50;
bill 264, 274 mm.

Nos. 623, 667. gd ad., d imm., 8. Isabel, 4, 10. x. 1907.—Wing 77, 73; tail
49; bill 26, 25 mm.

No. 804. ¢ ad., Allianca, 27. xi. 1907.—Wing 74; tail 504; bill 244 mm.

No. 881. d imm., Marmellos, 29. xii. 1907,—Wing 77 ; tail 50; bill 27 mm.

No. 979. d ad., Maruins, 9. vii. 1908.—Wing 75; tail 51; bill 272 mm.

“Tris, feet, and bill black, base of lower mandible red.”

The Marmellos bird and the immature male from §. Isabel are practically
identical with Peruvian and Napo examples. The others have the apical spots to
the outer rectrices more greyish, thereby approaching the eastern C. 0. obscurus
(cf. Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 375), but the pale tips are more extended, especially on the
penultimate and third pair, than in the latter race.

C. 0. aequatorialis is new to the Brazilian fauna. Its occurrence on the banks
of the Rio Madeira is not surprising, for it was for a long time known as an
inhabitant of North-Eastern Bolivia. The Tring Museum possesses a series obtained
by Mr. Maxwell Stuart at Guanay and San Augustin, on the Upper Beni, and, in
the British Museum, there is a couple from Mapiri, Buckley coll.

[274. Eupetomena macroura macroura (Gm.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 395 (Humaytha).
Humaytha (Hoffmanns). |

(275. Florisuga mellivora (Linn.).
Cf. Pelzeln, l.c. p. 30 (Borba); Hellmayr, /.c. p. 395 (Humaytha, Borba).
Humaytha, left bank (Hoffmanns) ; Borba, right bank (Natterer, Hoffmanns). }

(276. Agyrtria fimbriata fimbriata (Gm.).

Trochilus fimbriatus Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1. i. p, 493 (1788.—ex Brisson, Orn. iii, p. 706, No. 7. pl. 36.
fig. 2: Cayenne) ; cf. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. p. 266.
Agyrtria albiventris albiventris (Less.) ; Hellmayr, /.c. p. 395 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Hoffmanns).
“This is the most southerly record for the species. Farther south, on the banks

of the Rio Guaporé (Engenho do Gama), Natterer met with A. fimbriata nigricauda
(Ell.). See Nov. Zool. xv. 1908. pp. 74-5.)

(277. Hylocharis sapphirina sapphirina (Gm).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 395 (Borba).}
Right bank: Borba (Hoffmanns). ]

( 376 )

278. Chlorestes notatus (Reich).

Trochilus notatus Reich, Magazin des Thierreichs (Erlangen) 1. iii. p. 129 (1795.—based on Richard
& Bernard, Cat. Ois. env. de Cayenne par M. le Blond in Act, Soc. Hist. Nat, Paris 1. i, 1792.
p. 117. No. 48 ; Cayenne),

Hylocharis coerulea Pelzeln, lc. p. 33 (Borba).

Chlorestes caeruleus Hellmayr, l.c. p. 396 (Humaytha).

Nos. 686, 701. 33 ad., Sz Isabel, 16. x., 12. x, 1907,—Wing 49—50; tail 31;
bill 16, 17 mm. ;

Nos. 665, 666, 672, 699, 702. 3d juv., 2%, 8. Isabel, 10, 11, 15, 16. x. 1907.

Nos. 817, 818, 845, 868. 3o ad., Marmellos, 16, 17, 21, 25. xii. 1907—Wing
49—50 ; tail 29—30 mm,

Nos. 815, 823. 3 jav., 2, Marmellos, 16, 18. xii. 1908.

“Tris and feet black, bill black, below red or greyish red.”

279. Thalurania balzani E. Sim.

Thalurania balzani E, Simon, Nov, Zool. iii. p. 259 (1896.—“ Yungas de Bolivie ”); Hellmayr, Jc.
xiv. 1907. p. 396 (Borba) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908, p- 514 (Campinho, Villa Braga :
left bank of Tapajéz), :

T. furcata furcatoides (nec Gould) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 24 (Itaittiba, left bank of
Tapajéz). :

No. 107. 3 perad., Calama, 25. vi. 1907.—Wing 52; tail 32; bill 193 mm.

Nos. 131, 138, 459, 471, 472. 2 fere ad. et imm., Calama, 29, 30. vi., 26, 27.
vill. 1907.—Wing 51—53; tail 31—32 ; bill 18—20 mm.

Nos. 650, 674, 698. 3 vix ad., oo imm., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 9, 11, 15. x.
1907.—Wing 50—53 ; tail 31 —32; bill 20 mm.

No. 450. ¢ juv., Calama, 26. viii. 1907.—Wing 54; tail 31; bill 164 mm.

No. 931. ¢ ad., Maruins, R. Machados, 14. vi. 1908.—Wing 53; tail 32;
bill 204 mm,

. _ Nos. 15, 692. 22 ad., Calama, S. Isabel, 10, vi., 13. x. 1907.—Wing 49, 51;
tail 28; bill 19, 20 mm.

Nos. 916, 957. 29 ad., Marnins, 9, 26. vi. 1908.—Wing 49, 50; tail 29, 30;
bill 20 mm.

No. 808. ? ad., Allianca, 30. xi, 1907.—Wing 49; tail 28}; bill 19 mm.

“Tris, bill, and feet black.”

Identical with specimens from Eastern Bolivia (Beni River). The males have
the under tail-coverts pure white, and in fully adult birds the interscapular region
when viewed from in front looks very dark, almost blackish. The form found on
the left bank of the Rio Tapajéz is likewise T. balzani, The females taken at
Itaittiba by Mr. Hoffmanns were erroneously determined as 7. f. furcatoides, but
Miss Snethlage has lately obtained, in the same region, an adult male. 7. sémoni
Hellm., from Teffé, Rio Solimoéns, while agreeing with 7. dalzani in the small
size, in the dark coloration of the interscapulium, ete., differs at a glance by having
the under tail-coverts steel-black with white edges. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907.
pp. 77-8.

The range of 7. balzani is as follows :-—

Eastern Bolivia : Salinas, Reyes (Maxwell Stuart ; Tring Museum). Central
Brazil, Amazonia: Jalama, S. Isabel, Borba, Allianca, Rio Madeira; Maruins,
Rio Machados (Hoffmanns) ; Itaittiba (Hoffmanns), Campinho, Villa Braga (Sneth-
lage), left bank of Rio Tapajoéz,

( 397)

[280. Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis (Vieill.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 396 (Humaytha).
Humaytha (Hoffmanns). |

281. Psilomycter theresiae theresiae (Da Silva).

Ornismya theresiae Da Silva, Minerva Brazil. 1° Nov. 1843. p. 2 (1843.—Para) ; cf. H. & R. Ihering,
As Aves do Brazil p. 426,
Psilomycter t. theresiae Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 396 (Humaytha, Borba).

Nos. 675, 700. ? imm., imm. (not sexed), 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11, 25. x.
1907.—Wing 53}; tail 31, 324 ; bill 19, 20 mm.

“Tris and feet black, bill black, base of lower mandible red.”

The birds from the Rio Madeira agree with the typical race described from
Pard.

P. t. theresiae (Da Silva) inhabits Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana, the whole
of Lower Amazonia from Para west to Manzios (Barro do Rio Negro), and the
banks of the Madeira and Tapajéz Rivers, Natterer’s series from Manos agrees
in every respect with Guianan examples.

P. t. leucorrhous (Scl. & Saly.)* replaces it on the upper Rio Negro (Cobati
[Wallace], Marabitanas [Natterer]), and in Hastern Pera (Xeberos, etc.).

282. Heliothrix auritus auriculatus (Nordm.).

(Trochilus auritus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 493 (1783.—ex Brisson : Cayenne). ]
T. auriculatus Nordmann in Erman’s Reise, Naturhist, Atlas p. 5. pl. ii. figs. 1, 2 = $2 (1835.—

Rio de Janeiro ; cf. op. cit. p. v.).

No. 132. 3 vix ad., Calama, 29. vii. 1907. “Tris, feet, and bill black.”—
Wing 67; rectr. med. 48, ext. 35; bill 184 mm.

Agrees with South Brazilian skins except that the bill is very slightly longer.
The median portion of the throat and foreneck is white, while a small chin-spot and
a broad stripe along each side of the throat are glittering golden green. The bird still
retains the narrow pointed tail-feathers of the juvenile plumage, with a distinct
bluish black bar near the base of the three outer pairs, but in other respects it
is adult.

New to the fauna of the Rio Madeira. Kalinowski had obtained it in the
Chanchamayo district of Central Peru. t

[283. Popelairea langsdoffi melanosternon ((tould) [?].

[Trochilus Langsdoffi (sic) Vieillot, Tubl. enc. méth. ii. p. 574 (1822.—“ Brésil” ; we fix Rio de
Janeiro as type locality). ] :
Gouldia melanosternon Gould, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (4) i. p. 328 (1868.—Peru).
G. Langsdorfii Pelzeln, l.c. p. 32 (Ribeirao).
Rio Madeira: Ribeiras (Natterer). stl : ‘
Although the specimen does not any longer exist in the Vienna Museum, t e
birds of the Madeira district are more probably referable to the Upper veers
race than to the typical form, which appears to be restricted to Rast Brazi
(Bahia to 8. Paulo).]
* Polytmus leucorrhous Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soe, Lond, 1867, p. 584 (1867.—-Cobati, Rio
Negro).
Tt Berlepsch & Stolamann, Proc. Zool, Soe, Lond, 1902. p, 28.

( 378 j

[284. Ghaetura cinereiventris sclateri Pelz.
(Chaetura cinereiventris Sclater, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds p. 233 (1862.—ex Wied and Burmeister :
Bahia).]
C. Sclateri Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras, i. pp. 16, 56 (1867.—Borba).
Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in Upper Amazonia, but not recorded
from any locality east of the Madeira Valley. Ch my account in Verhandl.
Ornith, Ges. Bayern viii. 1908. p. 157. ]

(285. Chaetura spinicauda spinicauda (Temm ).

Cypselus spinicaudus Temminck, Tabl. méth. Pl. col. p. 57 (1839.—ased on D’Aubenton, Pl. enl.,

726. fig. 1; Cayenne).
Chaetura cinereiventris (nec Sclater) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 16 (part. : Borba, Para),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

This species is chiefly found in the Guianas, but in Eastern Brazil it ranges
as far south as Bahia. Cf. Hellmayr, Verhandl. Ornith. Gesellsch. Bayern viii.
1908. pp. 158-60.]

[286. Claudia squamata (Cass.).

Cypselus squamatus Cassin, Proc, Acad. N. Sci. Philad, vi. p. 369 (1853.—British Guiana) ; Pelzeln,
l.c. p. 16 (Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).]

287. Chordeiles rupestris (Spix).
Caprimulgus rupestris Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 2. pl. ii, (1825.—“in insulis petrosis fl. Nigri”); Pelzeln,

Le. p. 14 (Rio Guaporé, das Pedras, Rio Mamoré, etc.),

Nos. 544, 598, —. 33 ad, Jamarysinho, 26, 27, ix. 1907.—Wing 160—172 ;
tail 88—99 ; bill 7—8 mm.

Nos. 595, 596, 599. 2 9 ad., Jamarysinho, 26, 27, ix. 1907.—Wing 155—166 ;
tail 87, 89, 100; bill 7—7} mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill black.” :

The males agree perfectly with the typical examples in the Munich Museum.
The females differ in the decidedly more rafescent buff ground-colour of the upper
parts, and by having the white portion of the outer rectrices more or less blotched
and banded with black. Peruvian skins are somewhat darker above, but the
difference is insignificant.

According to the observations of Mr. Hoffmanns, these birds breed in large
numbers on the sandy beach of the river (“ Pleya”). Two clutches consisting each
of two eggs were taken on September 27, 1907. They are thickly marbled and
spotted with pale brown and lavender-grey on a pale buff or greyish white ground,
and measure 26 x 20, 27 x 20, 28 x 193mm. The egg is well figured in Cat.
Fags Brit. Mus. iii, pl. i. fig. 5.

“88. Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Spix).

Caprimulgus leucopygus Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 3. pl. iii. fig. 2 (1825.—“ ad litora sylvestria fl.
Amazonum ”),

Lurocalis leucopyga Pelzeln, /,c. p. 14 (Cidade de Mattogrosso).

No. 113. 3 ad., Calama, 26. vi. 1907. “Tris dark brown, feet dusky grey, bill
black.” —Wing 135; tail 95 ; bill 5 mm.

A perfectly adult male with the upper parts nearly uniform blackish, the

( 379 )

rufescent buff markings being reduced to minute dots and some obsolete wavy lines,
Natterer’s female from Mattogrosso is rather large (wing 150; tail 105 mm.), but
in coloration it does not differ from Venezuelan and Rio Negro examples.

289. Podager nacunda (Vieill.).

Caprimulgus nacunda Vieillot, Nowv. Dict. x. p. 240 (1817.—ex Azara : Paraguay),
Podager nacunda Pelzeln, l.c. p. 15 (Borba),

No. 887. $ ad, Calama, 18. iv. 1908. “Iris dark brown, feet grey, bill
greyish black.”

290. Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri (Temm.).

[Caprimulgus semitorquatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 1031 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 734:

Cayenne). }

C. nattereri Temminck, : Pl. col. livr. 18. pl. 107 (1822.—* Brésil,” coll. Natterer—we fix Ypanema,

S. Paulo, as type locality),

No. 81. ? ad., Calama, 20. vi. 1907. “Iris black, feet yellowish grey, bill
black.”

This form is much larger than L. s. semitorguitus, from North-Eastern South
America, but does not differ in coloration. It ranges from Para and Manisos
southward to §. Paulo and Parand (Curitiba), while typical ZL. s. semitorquatus
dwells in the Guianas, in the island of Trinidad, and on the upper Rio Negro
(Rio Icanna).

The subjoined table of measurements shows the differences in size :—

(a) L. 8. semitorquatus (Gm.).

Wing. Tail.
One adult, Cayenne... ee ee re ee ee YY 2 mm.
One ‘do. ad., Chagnanas, Trididad? 2 s:¢: sesiewriels eos. 174: 84g,
Two 2? ad., Chaguanas, Trinidad . : 1 ; é fee Ge 1183 5
One ? ad., Rio Icanna, Natterer coll. Vienna Mus. . : ie Yi Sa. y
(4) L. s. natterert (Temm.).

Wing. Tail.
One adult male from 8. Panlo(Ypanema) . . «. 202 95 mm.
Five adult females from 8. Paulo . j A ‘ . 195—215 88—100 mm.
Three adults from Rio de Janeiro . : : : . 198—215 89—95 ,,
One adult from Bahia . : ; : ; : seo 84 a
One female from Calama, Rio Madeira . : ‘ eos 93 .
One adult male from Para 193 87 ”
One female from Pari... 183 82 ”
One adult female from Manos 202 91 ”

N.B.—The Manios specimen is fully as large as others from S. Paulo, while the
birds from Bahia, Calama, and Para average rather smaller.

(291. Hydropsalis torquata (Gm.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nor, Zool. xiv. p. 396 (Humay tha),

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). are
Natterer obtaine1 this South Brazilian species, according to Voa Pelzeln,

* Orn. Bras. i. p. 11.

( 380 )

aear Santarem, a locality still farther to the north than Humaytha. On the
banks of the Rio Guaporé occurs the very distinct 17. fureifer (Vieill.) (pallescens
Pelz.).|
(292. Hydropsalis climacocercus (Tsch.).

Caprimulgus climacocercus Tschudi, Arch, Natwrg. 10. i. p. 269 (1844.—Peru).
Hydropsalis trifurcata Pelzeln, 1c. p. 11 (Bananeira, Borba).

Rio Madeira: Bananeira, Borba (Natterer).

Widely distributed in Amazonia. ]

293. Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (Gm.).

Caprimulgus albicollis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, ii. p. 1030 (1789.—ex Latham : Cayenne).
Nyctidromus guianensis Pelzeln, l.c, p. 13 (Borba).

Nos. 300, 463. ¢3 ad., Calama, 30. vii., 26. viii. 1907.—Wing 152, 150; tail
150, 147 mm.

Nos. 375, 733. 2? ad., Calama, 11, viii., 29. x, 1907.—Wing 150—152; tail
150 mm.

No. 489. 2 imm., Calama, 30. viii. 1907.—Wing 141; tail 126 mm.

“Tris dark brown, feet grey, bill dark grey or black.”

Agreeing with specimens from Cayenne, Venezuela, and Trinidad.

Mr. Hoffmanns reports that this bird lays a single egg on the ground amidst
dry leaves and grasses. One egg, taken at Calama, October 14, 1907, is pinkish
buff, indistinctly spotted with pale reddish brown and underlying lavender-grey.
Another egg is much brighter pink, with the reddish spots more numerous, but
with very little lavender-grey, They measure 29°75 x 20-50 and 30 x 21°50 mm.

294. Caprimulgus ocellatus Tsch.
Caprimulgus ocellatus Tschudi, Arch. Naturg. 10. i. p. 268 (1844.—Peru),

No. 575. 2, Jamarysinho, 20. ix. 1907. “Tris black, feet greyish brown, bill
black.”— Wing 120; tail 115; bill 93 mm.

Compared with several skins from Bahia and Ypanema (S. Panlo) this bird is
of a brighter rafous brown, but the markings are the same, Topotypical Peruvian
Specimens are not available for examination.

C. rosenbergi Hart.,* from Western Colombia and N.W. Ecuador, is very
nearly allied to C. ocellatus, and, like it, has no white cross-bar on the remiges.
However, the general colour is blackish, the white apical margin to the rectrices
is much narrower, there are no cinnamomeous marginal spots on the outer web of
the primaries, while, on the other hand, each of the innermost greater wing-
coverts has a large, rounded white apical spot.

(295. Caprimulgus maculicaudus (Lawr.).
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha),

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

A single adult female was taken in September 1906. In the paper quoted
above I have given some notes about the distribution of the species. |

* Bull. Brit. Orn, Cl. v. p. x, (1895.--Rio Dagua, W. Colombia),

( 381 )

(296. Caprimulgus parvulus Gould.

Caprimulgus parvulus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 1837. p. 22 (1837.—no locality, Darwin coll. ;
the type was from the “ Parand, near Santa Fé”; cf. Voyage of the Beagle, Birds, p. 37).
Stenopsis parvula Pelzeln, l.c. p. 12 (Borba),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).

Natterer’s female, August 3, 1830, agrees in every respect with typical
examples from near Ocampo, Parandi, Argentine.

C. parculus has a wide range in South America. Natterer obtained it at
numerous localities in Brazil, and H. H. Smith near Chapada, Mattogrosso. Count
Berlepsch possesses an adult male, picked ont from a large lot of Bahia trade
skins, and a female taken by Mr. W. A. Schulz at Paricattiba, Lower Amazons,
etc., etc. ]

297. Caprimulgus nigrescens Cab.
Caprimulgus nigrescens Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii. p. 710 (1848.—British
Guiana),
_ Stenopsis nigrescens Pelzeln, /.c, p. 12 (Borba).

No. 778. ? ad., Allianca, 12. xi. 1907. “Iris brown, feet and bill black.”—
Wing 142; tail 100; bill 11 mm.

This bird, as well as others from the Rio Madeira, secured by Natterer, agree
perfectly with a series from British Guiana and Venezuela (Caura).

298. Chloronerpes flavigula (Bodd.).

Picus flavigula Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 49 (1783,—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 784: Cayenne).
Chloronerpes flavigula Pelzeln, l.c. p. 244 (Borba).

No. 433. ¢ imm., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.—Wing 120; tail 71; bill 23 mm.

No. 1048. ? ad., Maruins, 22. vii, 1908.—Wing 124; tail 73; bill 204 mm.

“Tris brown, feet greenish grey, bill black, below grey.”

In specimens from the Rio Madeira the whitish spots on the foreneck and
chest appear generally more bar-like (less heart-shaped) than ia Cayenne and
Venezuelan (Caura) examples, but this is not quite constant.

299. Chloronerpes chrysochloros paraensis Snethl.
[Picus chrysochloros Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxvi. p. 98 (1818.—ex Azara: Paraguay).]
Chloronerpes paraensis Snethlage, Orn. Monber. xv. p. 163 (1907,—Murucutii, near Para).
No. — (3) ad., Calama (no date).—Wing 189 ; tail 80; bill 25} mm.
No. 330. 2 ad., Calama, 3. viii. 1907.—Wing 137; tail 75; bill 25 mm.
“Tris dingy yellow, feet greyish green, bill black.”
The male has the throat paler yellow than the type from Para, while the
female, in this respect, agrees with the latter. =
C. c. paraensis is closely allied to C. ¢. capistratus (Malh.),* from British
Guiana and the Rio Negro district, but differs by having the throat uniform yellow
(not banded with olive-green), the ground-colour of the under parts more yellowish,
the edges to the median rectrices broader and more intensely olive-green, and by
lacking the crimson mystacal stripe in the male sex. It is thus somewhat inter-
mediate between C. c. capistratus and the southern C. ¢. chrysochloros. The latter,
while agreeing with C. c. paraensis in the uniform throat, has the under parts
* Chrysopicus capistratus Malherbe (ex Natterer MS.), Monogr. Picid, ii. p. 140) pl, 83 figs, 4, 5
(1862,—* Brésil,” Natterer coll., sc. Rid Negro).

( 382 )

much deeper yellow, the back darker and less golden, the median rectrices less
distinctly edged with greenish, etc. Moreover, wings, tail, and bill are much
shorter, and the adult male possesses a dark crimson mystacal stripe,

The characters and ranges of the four geographic races of the group are as
follows :—

(a) C. chrysochloros chrysochloros (Vieill.).

Type locality: Paraguay.

Hab, Paraguay (Azara): Lambaré (Rohde). Argentine: Fortin Donovan,
Rio Pilcomayo (Kerr); Oran, Salta (Gerling—Brit. Mus.) ; Ledesma, Jujuy
(Dinelli—Munich Mus.). §8.E. Bolivia: San Francisco, Chaco (Borelli), Piedra
Blanca (Smith). Brazil, Western Mattogrosso : Corumba (Borelli, Smith), Miranda
(Bach—Mnus. Brit.), Cuyabé (Natterer),

Adult. Ground-colour of under parts deep ochreous golden yellow, throat
uniform deep yellow. Male with upper part of the head and broad mystacal stripe
deep crimson,

Wing. Tail. Bill.
Five adult males .. : ; » 115—125 73—87 214—24 mm, *
Three adult females . : . - 117—126 77 —83 21—23 ,,

(4) C. chrysochloros braziliensis (Swains.).
Picus Braziliensis Swainson, Zoolog. Illustr. i. pl, 20 (1820-21.—“ province of Bahia”’),

Type locality: Bahia, Eastern Brazil.

Hab, Bastern Brazil: Bahia (Swainson ; trade skins in Mus. H. v. Berlepsch) ;
Piauhy : Parnaguéa (Reiser). :

Adult. Exactly like C. c. chrysochloros, but with longer, stouter bill, and upper

parts duller olive.
Wing. Tail, Bill.

Two adult males from Bahia, : f ~ 124 80 25 mm,
Three adult males from Piauhy res . 138, Ries 24,25 mm.
Two adult females from Bahia . : . » 122,125 75,79 24, 241 ,,
One female from Pisuhy . =. 3.5 =, 122 774 244 =

(c) C. chrysochloros paraensis Snethl. —

Type locality: Murucuti, near Para,

Hab. North Brazil: Murucnti, Para (Hagmann) ; Calama, right bank of lower
R. Madeira (Hoffmanns). ;

Adult. Differs from (a) and (b) by its larger size, brighter golden olive back,
pale yellow ground-colour of the under parts, etc. Male with pileum red, but
mystacal stripe dark olive (not crimson).

Wing. = Tail. Bill.
One adult male from Pard (type) . : ; ; ee ie 25 mm.
One adult male from Calama. . . . ., | 439 80. 268 ,,
One adult female from Calama ; ‘ : ; meee b¥: 75 a0 cy

(d) ©. chrysochloros capistratus (Malh.).
Type locality: Rio Negro,
Hab. N.W. Brazil: Manéos, S. Isabel, Marabitanas, Rio Vaupé, Rio Negro
(Natterer); Teffé, Rio Solimoéns (Hoffmanns). Eastern Ecuador: Sarayacu
(Buckley). British Guiana; R. Rapununi (Whitely).

( 383 )

Adult. Under parts from chin to tail-coverts regularly barred with dark olive-
green and yellowish white. Male with pileum and broad mystacal stripe crimson.
Female with upper part of the head bright golden olive.

Wing. Tail. Bill.
Four adult males (including the type). - 136—140 76—83 26—30 mm.
Six adult females . ; 133—140 75—82 25—98

”

300, Melanerpes cruentatus (Bodd.).

Picus cruentatus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl, enl. p. 43 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 694. fig. 2:
Cayenne).

Melanerpes cruentatus Hellmayr, Nor. Zool. xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha).
M. hirundinaceus Pelzeln, 1.c, p. 248 (Salto Girao, Borba),

No. 769. g ad., Allianca, 9. xi. 1907. “Trig clear yellow, feet dark green,
bill black.”—Wing 113 ; tail 61; bill 24 mm.

Typical with broad superciliaries, creamy above the eye, golden yellow in its
posterior portion.

(301. Veniliornis ruficeps ruficeps (Spix).

Picus ruficeps Spix, Av. Bras, i. p. 63. pl. Ivi. figs. 2 (g¢), 3 (?) (1824.—“in sylvis fluminis
Amazonum ”), ;

Campias ruficeps var. a, Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 245 (part.: Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer),

The single adult male procured August 21, 1830, agrees in coloration with
specimens from Parad and Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro. The median and greater
Wing-coverts have distinct, though narrow, pale yellow shaft-streaks, surrounded
at the tip by a rather restricted dull red zone.

The same form occurs on the left bank of the Tapajéz, near Itaittiba,* in the
Para district, as well as in the neighbouring province of Maranhao, whence the
Munich Musenm has received several examples through Mr. F. Schwanda.]

302. Veniliornis ruficeps haematostygma (Malherbe).

Mesopicus haematostygyma Malherbe (ex Natterer MS.), Monogr. Picid. ii. p. 72. pl. 61. fig. 2 (1862.—
type = ¢ ad., Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, Natterer coll. in Vienna Museum).

Campias ruficeps (var. 8) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 246 (part. ; Mattogrosso ; Ribeirio, Salto Theotonio, Rio
Madeira).

Veniliornis ruficeps haematostygma Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha),

Nos. 218, 228. 3 ad., ¢ imm., Calama, 13, 15, vii. 1907,—Wing 96, 94; tail
60, 64 ; bill 214, 20 mm.

No. 923. 3 ad., Maruins, 11. vi. 1907.—Wing 91; tail 58; bill 21 mm.

_ Nos. 66, 1047. 9 2 ad., Calama, 17. vi. 1907 ; Maruins, 22. vii. 1908.—Wing
96, 92; tail 58, 57; bill 194, 19 mm.

“Tris reddish brown, feet blackish, bill blackish grey.”

This series, as well as the specimens secured by Natterer on the upper Rio
Madeira (Ribeiréo, Salto Theotonio) and in Western Mattogrosso (Engenho do
Gama, Villa Maria), differ from V. 7. ruficeps by having the blood-red area on the
upper wing-coverts much deeper and far more extended, etc. The light shaft-
streaks within this red zone are either wholly absent or but indistinctly indicated.
The dusky barring of the lower parts is not so dark, and the back less golden
yellow.

Cf. Abhandl. Bayer. Akad, Wissensch, IT. Cl. vol. xxii, 3. 1906. pp. 609-11,

* CE. Nov, Zool. xiv, 1907. p- 25,

( 384 )

303. Celeus jumana jumana (Spix).
Picus jumana Spix, Av. Bras, i, p. 57. pl. xlvii, (1824.—* in sylvis flum. Amazonum i *
Celeus jumana Pelzeln, lc. p. 251 (Salto do Girao, Borba); Hellmayr, Nor. Zool, xiv. p. 398
(Humaytha),

Nos. — , 644. dd, Calama, 1. ix. 1907; S. Isabel, 8. x. 1907.—Wing 158 ;
tail 105, 106; bill 28, 29 mm.

No. 940. % ad., Maruins, 23. vi. 1908.—Wing 164; tail 105; bill 27 mm.

“Tris red, feet plumbeous, bill light greyish.”

The inner webs of the remiges are regularly banded with blackish and pale
yellow. The ramp is yellow, but the upper tail-coverts are cinnamon-rufons,

C. jumana citreopygius Scl. & Salv.,* of which I have examined several skins
from Eastern Ecuador, merely differs by having the inner web of the remiges not
barred with blackish, and by its darker, rufous brown upper tail-coverts. It is
unquestionably the western representative of C, jumana, replacing the latter ia
Kastern Peru and Ecuador (Napo).

304. Celeus grammicus (Malh.),

Picus grammicus Malherbe, Mém, Soc. Roy, Liége p. 69 (1845,—“ Brésil—coll. Natterer ”—viz. Rio
Negro, etc.),
Celeus grammicus Pelzeln, lc. p. 252 (Salto do Girao, right bank); Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv.
p. 398 (Humaytha),
Nos. 180, 782. % 2 ad., Calama, 7. vii. ; Allianca, 13. xi. 1907,—“ Iris red,
feet dark green, bill yellowish green.” —Wing 126, 130; tail 80; bill 22—23 mm.
The Calama bird has the head and crest uniform cinnamon-rafous, while in
the other specimen the feathers of these parts show distinct black central streaks,

305. Cerchneipicus tinnunculus occidentalis Harg.

[Picus Tinnunculus Wagler, Isis 1829, Heft 5. p. 516 (1829.— Brasilia ”),]
Cerchneipicus occidentalis Hargitt, Ibis 1889. p. 230 (1889.—Upper Ucayali, Eastern Peru—Bartlett
coll.) ; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul. vi. 1904, p. 444 (1905.—Rio J urud).

Celeus tinnunculus (nec Wagler) Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 250 (Caigara, Rio Paraguay ; Engenho do Gama,

Rio Guaporé ; Manaqueri, R. Solimoéns),

Nos, 35, 250, 301. go ad., Calama, 13. vi., 22, 30. vii. 1907.—Wing 151—153;
tail 100—104 ; bill 32—33 mm.

No. 87. ¢ ad., Calama, 21. vi. 1907.—Wing 153; tail 107; bill 32 mm.

“Tris red, feet blackish, bill grey.”

In addition to the above, I have before me the whole of Natterer’s series :
an adult male from Manaqueri, two males from Caicara, and an adult female from
Engenho do Gama, All these specimens are clearly referable to occidentalis as
defined by Hargitt, and differ from tinnunculus, of Eastern Brazil, by their slenderer
bill, smaller size, and by having the three outer pairs of rectrices regularly banded
with rufous. The amount of black barring of the upper parts is extremely variable,
although the black cross-bands are apparently never so regular nor so densely set
as in C. ¢. tinnunculus. In an adult male from Manaqueri and a female from
Engenho do Gama the mantle, upper wing-coverts, and quills are broadly barred
with black; an adult male from Calama (No. 301) and an immature male from
Caicara have these bars somewhat narrower and less numerous on the back,
while the upper wing-coverts are partly uniform cinnamon-rufous. Two other
males from Calama (No, 35) and Caicara have even fewer bars on the back, and

* C. citreopygius Sclater & Salvin, P. Z, 8, Lond. 1867. p. 758 (1867,.—Yurimaguas, E. Peru),

( 385 )

scarcely any on the wing-coverts. Finally, a male and female from Calama
(Nos. 250, 87) have both the mantle and wing-coverts uniform cinnamon-rufons,
and there are but a few scattered black marzinal spots on the outer web of the
remiges. These birds show a decided approach to C. torguatus,* of Guiana, Vene-
zuela, and Mansos, in the colour of the mantle, but may, of course, be easily
separated by having the rump, upper tail-coverts, lower breast, and belly broadly
barred with black. Yet it is more than probable that both occidentalis and
tennunculus will prove to be geographic races of the northern species.

306. Crocomorphus flavus (P. L. 8S. Miil.).

Picus flavus P.L. 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 91 (1776.—based on D'Aubenton, Pl. enl. 599:
Cayenne).

Crocomorphus flavus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 398 (Humaytha).

Celeus citrinus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 252 (Borba).

Nos. 584, 681, 784. dd ad, Jamarysinho, 21. ix.; 8. Isabel, 11. x.; Allianca,
13, xi. 1907—Wing 141—144; tail 88—91 ; bill 25-274 mm.

No. 204. d imm., Calama, 11. vii. 1907.—Wing 132; tail 88; bill 254 mm.

Nos. 365, 783. ? 2 ad., Allianca, 13. xi.; Calama, 10. viii. 1907.—Wing
136, 137; tail 92, 85; bill 254, 26 mm. «

“Tris red, feet grey or green, bill yellowish green.” _

Some of these specimens have the rufous of the remiges quite as much
extended as Cayenne and Venezuelan (Caura) examples, while in others the quills
are blackish with hardly any rufescent tinge. They differ, however, from those
of more northern localities by having very little, if any, rafous on the upper
wing-coverts.

[307. Campephilus melanoleucos (Gm.).
Picus melanoleucos Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 426 (1788.—ex Latham : Surinam).
Campephilus melanoleucus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 242 (Borba).
Borba (Natterer).
Ranging from Rio de Janeiro north to Guiana. ]

308. Campephilus trachelopyrus (Malh.).
Megapicus trachelopyrus Malherbe, Mém. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat, Moselle 1857. p. 1 (1857.—Pérou).
No. 404. ¢ ad., Calama, 16. viii. 1907. “Iris light yellow, feet black, bill
grey.’—Wing 180; tail 123; bill 41 mm. :
In size this bird agrees with Para examples (cf. Nov. Zool. xii. pp. 300-301),
while others from Peru are decidedly larger. Natterer obtained the species even
farther south, at Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé, in Western Mattogrosso.f

309. Picumnus aurifrons aurifrons Pelz.

Picumnus aurifrons Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. iii. pp. 241, 334 (1869.—Engenho do Gama, Sayan
Rio Guaporé; Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 398
(Humaytha) ; Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 535 (Arumatheua, Tocantins).

Nos. 10, 585. oo ad., Calama, 9. vi.; Jamarysinho, 21. ix. 1907.—Wing
49, 50; tail 23; bill 10 mm.

Nos. 647. ¢ juv., S. Isabel, 8. x. 1907.—Wing 49; tail 24; bill 10 mm.

* Picus torquatus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. ent. p, 52 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl., 863: Cayenne),

{ Pelzeln, Orn, Bras, iii, p. 212, a

( 386 )

Nos. 312, 614. ¢ ? ad., S. Isabel, 31. vii., 3. x. 1907.—Wing 50; tail 224,
24; bill 10} mm. .

“Tris brown, feet plambeous or blackish, bill black.”

The adult males have the tips to the sincipital feathers golden yellow, while
in the females the top of the head is dull black, each feather with a small, rounded
apical spot of white. The markings of the under parts are exactly as in Natterer’s
type-specimens : foreneck regularly banded with dusky, breast and abdomen with
dusky longitudinal stripes. Strangely enough, a young male obtained by Natterer
at Borba, August 5, 1830—in the British Museum—undonbtedly belongs to the
present species and not to P. borbae, for the tips of the newly grown frontal
feathers are distinctly golden yellow! Miss Snethlage has lately met with
P. a. aurifrons at Arumatheua, Tocantins River,

P. aurifrons flavifrons Hargitt,* from N.W. Brazil (Teffé) | and Eastern Pern,
differs merely by having rounded spots (instead of longitudinal streaks) of dusky
on the belly. A specimen from Humaytha, left bank of the Rio Madeira, is
slightly intermediate in this respect, though nearer P. a. aurifrons.

[310. Picumnus borbae Pelz.
Picumnus borbae Pelzela, i.c. pp. 241, 334 (1869.—Borba, Rio Madeira); Hellmayr, /.c. p. 398
(Borba),
_ Right bank: Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

The male may be at once distinguished from P. a. aurifrons, with which it
agrees in the pattern of the lower parts, by the longer, brick-red (instead of
golden yellow) tips to the feathers of the sinciput. Specimens from Itaittiba (left
bank of the Tapajéz River),{ and the Upper Ucayali, E. Bartlett coll. in Brit.
Mus., are identical with the types from Borba. It is strange that this species
should occur side by side with the yellow-fronted P. a. aurifrons and P. a. flavifrons,
still I do not think that it can be a mere colour-variety. ]

311. Ceryle torquata torquata (Linn.).
Alcedo torquata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 180 (1766.—ex Brisson: Mexico and Martinique).
Ceryle torquata Pelzeln, /.c. p. 23 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 402 (Borba),

No, 443, ¢ imm., Calama, 23. viii. 1907. “ Iris greyish brown, bill black, base
of lower mandible reddish.”

312, Ceryle americana americana (Gm.).

Alcedo americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat, 1. i. p. 451 (1788.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 591. figs. 1, 2:
Cayenne),
' Ceryle americana Pelzeln, /.c. p, 23 (Rio Guaporé, Borba) ; Hellmayr, /.c. p. 402 (Humaytha),
No. 577. (d) ad., Jamarysinho, 20, ix. 1907. “Tris, feet, and bill black.”—
Wing 72; tail 51; bill 43 mm.

313, Ceryle aenea aenea (Pall.).
Alcedo (aenew) Pallas in Vroeg’s Cut. rais. d’Ois,, Adumbrat. p. 1. no. 54 (1764.—Surinam),
Céryle superciliosa Pelzeln, l.c. p. 24 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, /.c. p. 402 (Humaytha).
No. 747. 3 ad., Allianca, 5. xi. 1907.—Wing 554 ; tail 36; bill 273 mm.
No. 342. ¢ juv., Calama, 6. viii. 1907.

* Picumnus flavifrons Hargitt, bis 1889. p, 229 (type ex Sarayagu, R. Ucayali, Kast Peru).
7 Hellmayr, Nov, Zol, xiv, p. 80, } Idem, Jc, p. 26.

( 387 )

Nos. 68, 559, 805. $? ad., Calama, 17. vi. ; Jamarysinho, 17. ix. ; Allianca,
28. xi. 1907.—Wing 56—57 ; tail 34—35; bill 28 mm.

“Tris dark brown, feet yellowish grey or brownish grey, bill black.”

Identical with Surinam and Cayenne examples,

[314. Trogon rufus rufus Gm.

Trogon rufus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p, 404 (1788, —ex D’Aubenton, Pl, enl. 736: Cayenne ; = 2),
Trogon atricollis Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 20 (Borba),
T. a, atricollis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 403 (Humaytha).,

Right bank: Borba (Natterer); left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).]

(315. Trogon viridis viridis Linn.
Trogon viridis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1, p. 167 (1766.—ex Brisson : Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 20
(Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in South America. ]

316. Trogon violaceus violaceus Gm.

Trogon violaceus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 404 (1788.—ex Koelreuter, Nov. Act. Petrop. ii. p. 436.
no. 7, tab. 16. fig. 8; Surinam),
T. meridionalis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 20 (Borba),

No. 978. ¢ perad., Maruins, 7. vii. 1908. “Iris brown, feet black, bill pale
grey.”—Wing 118; tail 128; bill 16 mm.

This bird I cannot distinguish from some Cayenne and British Guiana
Specimens, the upper wing-coverts being narrowly, but distinctly, vermiculated
with whitish. Perhaps the uropygium is deeper blue, and the white ends of the
three onter rectrices somewhat wider, but these slight divergencies are probably
individual.

The distribution of 7. v. violaceus and T. v. ramoniana Dev. & Des Mars * is
difficult to understand. The former ranges from French Guiana westwards to the
Amazonian slopes of the Colombian Andes, but occurs also on the middle course
of the Rio Madeira. 7.7, ramoniana extends from the Rio Napo (Eastern Ecuador)
south to Peru, and is, furthermore, found in Lower Amazonia, specimens from
Victoria (left bank of the Xingtt) being in every respect similar to Peruvian
examples !

317. Urospatha martii martii (Spix).
Prionites martii Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 64. pl. 1x, (1824.—“in sylvis Parae ”).
Momotus martii Pelzeln, l.c. p. 19 (Borba),
Urospatha m. martii Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 403 (Humaytha).

Nos. 146, 724. Adult (not sexed), ? ad., Calama, 1. vii., 23. x. 1907. Iris
brown or red, feet and bill black.”— Wing 135, 142; tail 230; bill 40, 44 mm.

Agree with the type in having the tail mainly dark green, and the central
rectrices not spatulated. Cf my remarks /.c.

U. m. martii is widely distributed in Amazonia, ranging from Kastera Ecuador
and Peru to the left bank of the Tapajéz. In Western Ecuador, Colombia, etc., it
is replaced by U. m. semirufa (Scl.). Of. my revision of Spix’s types, p. 611.

* Trogon ramoniana Deville & Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) i. p. 331 (1849,—Sarayagu, Pampa del
Sacramento, Eastern Peru),

( 388 )

318. Prionornis platyrhynchus pyrrholaemus (Berl. & Stolzm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool, xiv. 1907. p. 403 (crit. ; Humaytha),
No. 1030. ¢ ad., Maruins, 17. vii. 1907.—Wing 116; tail 202 ; bill 37 mm.
“Tris dark brown, feet and bill black.”
Middle pair of rectrices not spatulated. Chin and upper throat pale blue,

slightly mixed with greenish.
Cf. my remarks /.c. pp. 403-4, where a review of the races is given.

319. Momotus momota nattereri Scl.

[Ramphastos Momota Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii. 1. p. 152 (1766.—based on Edwards & Brisson (excl.
syn. Marcgrave): Cayenne (ex Brisson) fixed as type locality).]
Momotus Nattereri Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxv. 1857. p. 251 (1858.—Yungas in Bolivia ;
Goyaz, Brazil) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 19 (Borba).
No. 450. 2? ad., Calama, 25. viii. 1907.—Wing 132; tail 237; bill 39 mm.
“Tris brown, feet greyish brown, bill black.”
This bird is perfectly identical with typical specimens from Bolivia (Sara) and
Mattogrosso (Chapada). There is no trace of a rufous nape-patch, but the lower
parts are distinctly suffused with ochreous, Cf. also Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 28.
M. m. nattereri represents M. m. momota in the districts south of the Amazon
and west of the Tapajéz, as well as in Goyaz, Mattogrosso, and Eastern Bolivia.
The north-western limits of its range, however, are not exactly known.

320. Urogalba dea amazonum Scl.

[Alcedo Dea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 116 (1758.—ex Edwards, Orn. pl. 10: Surinam).]
Urogalba amazonum Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxiii. 1855. p, 14 (1855,—“in Brasil. Boreali,

Para, et fl. Amazonum ”),

U. dea amazonum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 401 (Humaytha),
Galbula paradisea (nec Linn.) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 24 (part, : Salto do Girdio, Rio Madeira).

No. 676. g ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 11. x. 1907.—Wing 96; tail — ; bill
61 mm.

No. 678. ¢, 8. Isabel, 11. x. 1907.—Wing (moulting) ; tail 130; bill 514 mm.

“ Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

The skins agree with Pari examples in the Munich Museum, the feathers
about the forehead and in the superciliary region being broadly edged with whity
brown. The male has the wing fully as long as Sclater’s type.

I consider it useful to recapitulate what we know about the distribution of
U. dea dea and its southern representative. U. dea dea inhabits French, Dutch,
and British Guiana, the banks of the Rio Negro, from Marabitanas and San Carlos
down to Manos, and extends to Iquitos, north bank of the Peruvian Amazons.
U. dea amazonum is found along the south bank of the Amazons and on its
southern affluents, from Parad to Teffé (Rio Solimoéns). The main valley of the
Amazons thus divides the ranges of the two nearly allied forms. Cf, Nov, Zool.
xiv. 1907. pp. 27-8.

(821. Galbula galbula (Linn.).
Alcedo Galbula Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p, 182 (1766.—ex Edwards et Brisson : Cayenne—excl.
syn. Marcgrave, Brazil).
Galbula viridis Pelzeln, I.c. p. 24 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). Not recorded from any locality farther south,

but widely distributed in the Guianas, in the Orinoco region, ete.]

( 389 )

322. Galbula rufoviridis Cab.
Galbula rufoviridis Cabanis in “ Ersch & Gruber’s Encycl. Wissensch, d&: Kiinste lii. 1. p. 308” *),
G. maculicauda Pelzeln, I.c, p. 24 (Theotonio),

Nos. 73, 382. gd ad., Calama, 18. vi., 12. viii. 1907.—Wing 78, 79; tail
89, 914; bill 48, 50 mm,

Nos, 406, 497, 721. 2%, Calama, 16, 31, viii; S. Isabel, 19. x. 1907,—Wing
77—80 ; tail 84—94 ; bill 44—48 mm.

“Tris brown, feet yellow or grey, bill black.”

Compared with a good series of G. rufociridis from Mattogrosso, Bahia,
Maranhio, and Eastern Bolivia, these specimens have the green apical mark to
the two outer rectrices slightly less extended, though one of the females is scarcely
different on this score. In the females the throat, too, is rather paler baff than in
the majority of the examples from more southern localities. The range of G. rufo-
viridis has recently been traced as far north as Monte Alegre and Marajé.f It is
most probably a subspecies of G. ruficauda Cuv., but I have not yet had time to
thoroughly work out its relations.

(323. Galbula tombacea cyanescens Dev.

[Galbula tombacea Spix, Av. Bras. i. p, 55. pl. lviii, (1824.— in sylvis fl. Amazonum”),]

Galbula cyanescens Deville, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) i. p. 56 (1849.—“‘les bords de l’Amazone "—
the types in the Paris Museum are from Sarayagu, Ucayali R.).

G. tombacea eyanescens Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 402 (Humay tha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

Since writing the account in my revision of Spix’s types t I have studied the
series of these birds in the Tring, British, and Paris Museums, and a few words
about the results arrived at may be welcome to ornithologists.

G. t. tombacea Spix, with the forehead and anterior portion of the crown
smoky brown, extends from the north bank of the Peruvian Amazons (Iquitos,
Pebas) to the eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes (Bogoté coll.). Of this form
I have examined twenty Bogota skins; one adult male from Iquitos (Mus. H. v.
Berlepsch) ; a couple from Pebas (Hauxwell) and an adult male from Elvira, in the
British Museum; and three adult males, obtained at Pebas by Castelnau et Deville,
in the Paris Museum.§ Spix’s type, the exact locality of which is not recorded,
belongs to the same race.

G. t. cyanescens Deville, with the whole of the pileum shining green, replaces
the preceding in Northern Peru, south of the Amazons, as well as near Nauta, also in
Central and South-Eastern Peru, ranging eastwards to Humaytha, left bank of
the Rio Madeira. I have examined specimens from the following localities: La
Merced (4 do ad., 2 22), La Gloria (1 2), Pozayo (¢ ?), Chuchurras, Hudnuco
(3? ad.), Huaynapata (1 ¢ ad.), Cosnipata (1 d ?), Sarayagu, Ucayali (1 og ad.,
222%, 1 juv.: Castelnau coll., types of G. t. eyanescens), Nauta (2 dd ad.), Rio

Jurud (1 d ad.), Humaytha (2 do ad.), Se
Three specimens from the Rio Javarri (two in the British, one in the Paris

* I have not been able to verify the above reference.

T Snethlage, Journ, f. Ornith. 1906. p. 520.

t Abhandl, Akad. Wissensch. Miinchen ITI. K1. vol. xxii. 3, 1906. pp. 691-2,

§ Dr. Sclater’s assumption (Monogr. Jacamars p. 24) that both @. t. tombacea and a. t. eyanescens
were obtained by Deville on the Rio Ucayali is not correct. The examples of the former are from
Pebas, but those of the latter from the Ucayali. Besides these, there is an adult male, taken January 2,

1847, on the Rio Javarri (see above), in the Paris Museum.

( 390 )
Museum) are slightly intermediate between tombacea and cyanescens, the smoky
brown feathers of the forehead being narrowly edged with green or bluish green.

As pointed out by me (/.c. p. 402), the Humaytha birds have a larger, more
whitish chin-spot than the Peruvian ones. However, it is well to remark that
this character is subject to much individual variation in the northern G. ¢.
tombacea. |

324, Galbula cyanicollis Cass.
Galbula cyanicollis Cassin, Proc. Acad. N, Sci. Philad. v. p. 154. pl. vii. (1851.—Pard) ; Pelzeln,
le. p. 24 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 402 (Humaytha),

Nos. 186, 231, 390. dd ad., Calama, 7, 16. vii., 14. viii. 1907—Wing 77—81
tail 82—84 ; bill 43—46 mm.

No. 927. 3d ad., Maruins, 12, vi. 1908.—Wing 81; tail 83; bill 434 mm.

No. 37. $ imm., Calama, 13. vi. 1907.—Wing 774; tail 79; bill 41 mm.

“Tris dark brown, feet yellow, bill black, lower mandible yellowish green.”

These specimens agree perfectly with several from Pari, while those préviously
obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns near Humaytha (left bank) had the cheeks and malar
region golden green (instead of blue). Cf., however, the remarks by Miss Snethlage
in Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 20.

G. cyanicollis ranges from Pard westwards to the Jurud and Puris Rivers.

[325. Galbula leucogastra leucogastra Vicill.

Galbula leucogastra Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xvi. p. 444 (1817,—based on “ Jacamar » ventre blane,”’
Levaillant, Hist, Nat. Promérops et Guépiers, Suppl. p. 46. pl. H.—“du Brésil” ; we substitute
Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 24 (Borba),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).

The two skins from this locality in the Vienna Museum agree perfectly with
others from Guiana. G. ¢. leucogastra ranges from French Guiana westwards to
the upper Rio Negro (Guia, Marabitanas), and southwards to Borba, on the Lower
Madeira. An adult male from Marabitanas, belonging to the Vienna Museum,
has a larger bill and slightly more coppery suffusion both on back and breast,
pointing towards G. /. chalcothorax Scl.* Typical specimens of the latter, however,
may be recognized by their longer wings and nearly uniform copper-red back and
breast. There are several examples from the Rio Napo in the Manich Museum. }

326, Jacamerops aurea (P. L. S. Miill.).

a Aurea P. L. 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 94 (1776.—ex Vosmaer: Berbice, British
uiana).
Jacamerops grandis Pelzeln, lc. p, 25 (Borba).

No. 226. of ad., Calama, 15. vii. 1907. “ Iris dark brown, feet dark grey, bill
black.’—Wing 110; tail 132; bill 51 mm.

Agreeing with Guianan specimens. Forehead distinctly bluish green.

(827. Bucco capensis Linn.

Bucco capensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 168 (1766,—ex Brisson : “ Le Barbu,” Ornith. iv. p. 92,

pl. vi. fig. 2: “Guiana "—not “ Cap. C. spei” as erroneously given by Linnaeus),
B, collaris Pelzeln, l.c. p. 22 (Borba),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer),
Amazonian specimens do not differ in any way from typical Guianan skins. ]

€ oa chaleothoraw Sclater, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. xxii. 1854. p. 110 (1855.—Quijos, Eastern
cuador),

( 391 )

328. Bucco hyperrhynchus Scl.

Buceo hyperrhynchus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxiii. 1855. p. 193. pl. ev. (Jan. 1856.—‘ Upper

Amazons”); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 399 (Humaytha).

No. 785. ? ad., Allianca, 13. xi. 1907—Wing 116; tail 90; bill 40} mm,

“Tris yellowish red, feet and bill black.”

This bird, as well as the two from Humaytha obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns on
his first Madeira journey, belong undoubtedly to the same form as a series from
Pari. But whether the so-called B. dysoni Scl. from Central and Western Sonth
America is really separable appears to be very questionable, since there is much
individual variation as regards size of the bill and amount of white on the fore-
head. Yet I have never seen any specimen from Central America, Ecuador, etc.,
that had so powerful a bill as is often found in collections from Para.

On the other hand, B. macrorhynchos Gm. (ex Cayenne, British Guiana, Rio
Branco and Manios) is quite distinct specifically, and easily recognizable by the
lack of the white forehead, its shorter bill, and by having the feathers of the black
pectoral band narrowly margined with white.

(329. Bucco tamatia tamatia Gm.

Buceo Tamatia Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1, i. p. 405 (1788.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 746. fig. 1: Cayenne) ;

Pelzeln, Orn, Bras. i. p. 22 (Engenho do Gama, S. Vicente, Borba).

Right bank: Borba; Engenho do Gama and Sao Vicente, Rio Guaporé
(Natterer), s

Thanks to the kindness of Dr. Lorenz, Natterer’s series has been submitted to
my inspection. Besides four examples from the upper Rio Negro, there are two
adult females from Borba, an adult male and a young female from 8. Vicente,
and the Munich Museum possesses an adult male obtained at Engenho do Gama.
This series agrees, in the deep tawny colour of the throat, amount of black spotting
on the lower parts, size, etc., with numerous specimens I have from Cayenne, British
Guiana, Maipures (Orinoco), and Surinam, and unquestionably represents typical
B. t. tamatia.|

(330. Bucco tamatia pulmentum Scl.
Bucco pulmentum Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxiii, 1855. p. 194. pl. evi. (Jan, 1856.—* Upper

Amazons’’).

B. t. pulmentum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 400 (Humaytha).

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

The single adult female obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns during his first expedition
agrees perfectly with Sclater’s type and other Upper Amazonian skins in the
British Museum. It differs from ¢amatia, of the right bank, by having the throat
very much paler, light buff (instead of deep ochraceous or tawny). The other
characters, viz. greater amount of rufous on forehead and coarser spotting of the
breast, claimed by Dr. Sclater, do not prove to be constant.

This is another instance of the Madeira Valley dividing the ranges of two
nearly allied forms.

A third race of the tamatia group inhabits the Pard district, N.E. Brazil. It
has the throat fully as dark or even deeper tawny than B. ¢. tamatia, but may be
recognized by the much larger, more crowded, black spots on the breast and sides
’ of the belly, many of the feathers showing, besides the apical spot, a broad black

cross-band in the middle.

(392 )
The range of the three forms is as follows :—

(a) Bucco tamatia tamatia Gm.

Type locality: Cayenne.

Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne (Cherrie, etc.), Saint-Jean-du-Maroni (Le
Moult; Mus. Monac.). Surinam: Paramaribo, Kwata (Penard; Tring Mus.).
British Guiana: Camacnsa, Rio Rupunnni, Aunai, etc. (Whitely). Venezuela:
Maipures, Orinoco R. (Cherrie). North Brazil: Marabitanas, Rio Vaupé, upper
Rio Negro ; Manios; Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco (Natterer); right bank of
the Rio Madeira: Borba, south to Engenho do Gama and S. Vicente, on the
Guaporé (Natterer).

Examined: 3 French Guiana, 7 Surinam, 4 British Guiana, 2 Maipures,
1 Marabitanas, 1 Rio Vaupé, 1 Manos, 1 Rio Branco, 2 Borba, 1 Engenho do
Gama, 2 8. Vicente.

(6) Bucco tamatia pulmentum Scl.

Type locality: Upper Amazons.

Hab. Eastern Ecuador; Sarayacu (Buckley), Eastern Peru: Pebas (Castelnau
& Deville), Chamicuros (Bartlett), etc. W. Brazil: Humaytha, left bank of Rio
Madeira (Hoffmanns).

Examined: 3 Bastern Ecuador, 3 Eastern Pern, 1 (type) “ Upper Amazons,”
1 Humaytha.

*(c) Bucco tamatia hypnaleus (Cab. & Heine).
Chaunornis hypnalea Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Heinean. iv. 1. p, 145. footnote (1863.--Pard).
Type locality: Para.
Hab. N.E. Brazil: Pari (Natterer), Rio Capim (Wallace), Boavista, Marajé
(Steere),
Examined: 1 & ad., Pari (Natterer); 1 2 ad., Boavista (Tring). ]

[33]. Bucco chacuru Vieill.
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 400 (Humaytba).

Left bank : campos of Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

No additional material has come to hand. The Humaytha birds agree in
size with South Brazilian and Paraguay specimens, but are perhaps different in
coloration (cf. Z.c.). Skins from Eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Sonth-Hastern
Peru (Santa Ana) are much larger. ]

332. Bucco macrodactylus (Spix).

Cyphos macrodactylus Spix, Av. Bras, i. p. 51. pl. xxxix. fig. 2 (1824.—“in sylvis flum. Ama-
zonum”’),
Bucco macrodactylus Pelzeln, ic. p. 22 (S. Jo&io do Crato) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 400
(Humaytha).
Nos. 835, 877. 2% ad., Marmellos, 20, 27. xii. 1907.—Wing 66; tail 54, 56;
bill 23 mm. :
No. 393. ad., Calama, 15. viii. 1907.—Wing 67; tail 64; bill 23 mm.
“Tris red or brownish red, feet grey, bill black.”
Specimens from the Madeira agree well with those from East Ecuador and
Bogoté collections. B. macrodactylus is widely distributed in Upper Amazonia.

( 393 )

333. Malacoptila rufa (Spix).

Bueco rufus Spix, Av. Bras, i. p. 52. pl. xl. fig. 1 (1824.—“in sylvis fl. Amazonum ”),
Malacoptila rufa Hellmayr, /.c. p. 400 (Humaytha).

Nos. 565,564. of ad., Jamarysinho, 16. ix. 1907.—Wing 91, 92; tail 69, 67;
bill 24, 26 mm.

Nos. 797, 798, 801. d imm., ? , Allianca, 22, 23. xi. 1907.—Wing 91—93;
tail 66—70 ; bill 24—27 mm.

No. 893. ? ad., Marnins, 31. v. 1908.—Wing 93; tail 65; bill 25 mm.

“Tris red or reddish brown, feet grey or greyish brown, bill black, base of
lower mandible yellowish.”

The specimens are identical with the type in the Munich Museum. J. rufa
ranges all over Amazonia from Eastern Peru to Para.

(334. Monasa morphozus peruana Scl.

[ Bueco morphoeus Hahn, Végel aus Asien, etc. Lief. xiv. pl. 2 (1823.—‘ Brasilien ”’).]

Monasa peruana Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc, Lond. xxiii. 1855, p. 194 (Jan. 1856.—in Peruvia
orientali in regionibus fl. Amazonum superioris: Chamicurros [Hauxwell]).

Monasa leucops Pelzeln, l.c. p. 22 (part.: Borba; Rio I¢anna).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

The three females obtained by Natterer at Borba, as well as another from
the Rio Icanna (upper Rio Negro), in the Vienna Museum, are, in every respect,
similar to examples from the Rio Napo, East Ecuador, in the Munich Museum.
The series differs from M. m. morphoeus, of East Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to
Para), in smaller white chin-spot, lesser amount of white about the forehead, and
generally smaller size (wing 122—127, tail 116—122 mm).}

335, Monasa nigrifrons (Spix).
Bucco nigrifrons Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53. pl. xli. fig. 2 (1824.— in sylvis flum. Solimoéns oh
Monasa nigrifrons Pelzeln, l.c. p. 22 (Borba).
No. 219. ¢ ad., Calama, 13, vii. 1907. “Iris reddish brown, feet black, bill
clear red.”—Wing 123 ; tail 115; bill 33 mm.
Identical with the type. Specimens from Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) are
rather darker, more of a blackish grey, though not always so.

(336. Nonnula rubecula cineracea Scl.

[Bucco rubecula Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 51. pl. xxxix. fig. 1 (1824.—“ prope pagum Malhada, fluminis
St. Francisci proximum,” Southern Bahia, E. Brazil).]
Nonmula cineracea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881. p. 778 (1881.—Rio Javarri). :
Monasa rubecula (nee Spix) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 23 (part.: Borba, Rio Madeira ; Marabitanas and Rio
Iganna, upper Rio Negro).
Right bank: Borba (Natterer). :
Dr. Lorenz having kindly forwarded to me the whole of Natterer’s series,
T am enabled to state that the Amazonian specimens obtained by this celebrated
naturalist belong to the pale race described by Dr. Sclater from a single example
in the British Museum. An adult female from Borba, June 9, 1830, in the
Vienna Museum, agrees with the type in all essential particulars, except that
the bill is not quite so long, and the back slightly more tinged with brownish.
Both differ from a good series of NV. r. rubecula (from Bahia, 8. Paulo, Goyaz, and
Paraguay) by lacking the whitish patch below the eye (the cheeks and ear-coverts

( 394 )

being uniform dark smoky grey); by having the upper parts dull smoky grey,
with but a faint brownish tinge (instead of being more or less brightly rafescent
brown) ; the throat and foreneck much paler, dull buff (instead of bright ochraceons),
shading into pale greyish buff on flanks ; and by their longer bill and decidedly
shorter tail,

A young bird in fluffy plumage, from the upper Rio Negro, belongs most
certainly also to cineracea, although it is darker, more smoky brown, on the back,
and more ochreous on the throat. But it is still less brightly coloured than young
birds of NV. r. rubecula, and shows the long bill as well as the uniform blackish
grey sides of the head characteristic of V. r. cineracea,

The range of the two races is, as far as our present knowledge goes, the
following :—

(4) N. rubecula rubecula (Spix)

Type locality: Malhada, on the S. Francisco River, Southern Bahia, East
Brazil.

Hab, South-Eastern Brazil: Bahia (Wucherer coll,, Mus. Brit.), Malhada, on
the S. Francisco R. (Spix) ; Goyaz (Natterer, Baer); 8. Paulo: Victoria (Hempel),
Ypanema (Natterer), Iguapé, Avanhandaya, Bebedouro, Itapuri, Mattao (Mus.
Paulista). Minas Geraés: Lagoa Santa (Reinhardt). Rio de Janeiro: Novo
Friburgo (Burmeister), Paraguay : Bernalcué, east of Asuncién (Wieninger ; Mus.
Monac.).*

Measurements of ten adults (including type): wing 64—69; tail 62—64;
bill 19—21 mm.

(6) N. rubecula cineracea Sel.
Type locality: Rio Javarri, W. Brazil.

Tlab. Western Brazil: Rio Javarri (Bates); Marabitanas and R. Tcanna,
upper Rio Negro ; Borba, Rio Madeira (Natterer),

Dimensions : Wing. Tail. Bill.
1, Adult, R. Javarri. Type of subspecies. Brit. Mus, . 2. Os 7, 66° 25 mim.
2. 2 ad., Borba, June 9, 1830. Vienna Museum : : ec 1Og 2 167." 122 oe,

3. d juv., Upper Rio Negro. ViennaMuseam , 654 59 23 mm.]

(337. Nonnula sclateri Hellm.

Nonnula selateri Hellmayr, Bull. B. 0.0. xix. p. 55 (1907.--Humaytha) ; idem., Nov. Zool. xiv.
p- 401.

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

This species, of which Mr. Hoffmanns obtained a single adult female on his
first expedition to the Rio Madeira in 1906, is somewhat like NV. r. rubecula,
having the upper parts warm brown, bat may be distinguished by its much smaller
size (wing 62; tail 534 mm.); deep ochraceous buff (instead of white or pale
buffy) frontal band, lores, and chin ; duller, more greyish fulvous, throat and
foreneck, which, however, are much deeper in tint than in W. r, cineracea, etc.
Like the latter race, it lacks the whitish patch below the eye, and has the flanks

* Sclater (Monogr. Jacamars and Puff Birds p. 134) also records it from the Lower Amazons, but
I have not been able to ascertain on what authority. Wallace certainly did not obtain specimens

anywhere on the Lower Amazons (cf. P. Z. 8. Lond. 1867. pp. 566-96). It is also to be remembered that

none of the more recent travellers (Robert, Hoffmanns, Snethlage) met with W. x. rwbecula in the Para
district,

(395 )

pale buff, Tt is thus seen to be somewhat intermediate between NY. 7. rubecula
and NV. r. cineracea, but differs from both at first sight by the bright red, nearly
bare and slightly protruding eyelid, which, in its allies, is black, beset with
numerous white plumules, ]

338. Chelidoptera tenebrosa tenebrosa (Pall.).
Cuculus tenebrosus Pallas, Neue Nord. Beytr. iii. p. 2. pl. i. fig. 1 (1782.—Surinam).
Chelidoptera t. tenebrosa Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 401 (Humaytha).
No. 1054. ? ad., Maruins, 22. vii. 1908. “Iris dark brown, feet and bill
black.”— Wing 107 ; tail 54; bill 20 mm.
Identical with topotypical specimens from Surinam.

- 339. Capito auratus intermedius Berl. & Hart. (7).

[Bucco auratus Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat. iv. p. 54 (1816.—based on Levaillant, Hist. Nat. Ois.
Paradis et Rolliers, ete. ii. 1806. p. 63. pl. 27: “ Le Barbu Orangé du Pérou ”).]|
Capito auratus intermedius Berlepsch & Hartert, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 98 (1902.—Nericagua, Upper

Orinoco). :

No. 377. d ad., Calama, 11. viii. 1907. “Iris light red, feet plambeons, bill
black, base of lower mandible grey.” —Wing 85; tail 56; bill 21} mm.

Nos. 448, 453, 2 ad., 2 imm., Calama, 24, 26. viii. 1907. “ Iris red, feet
blue-grey or green, bill black.”—Wing 85, 82; tail 58, 53; bill 21}, 20 mm.

In Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 82 I have given a short review of the geographical
races of C. auratus. Alluding to the singular distribution of C. a. intermedius,
I said that I could not distinguish Marcapata and Bolivian specimens from the
typical Orinoco birds. Since writing this I have had the opportunity of studying
the series in Count Berlepsch’s Museum, and find that this statement requires
modification. Specimens from 8.E. Pera and Bolivia are certainly very much like
C. a. intermedius, and the females agree with the Orinoco ones in having the throat
unspotted deep orange ; but the pileum is decidedly paler, sulpbur-yellow, without
any orange admixture. The three skins from Calama are identical with the
Marcapata series except for the ground-colour of the throat being clear orange,
as in C. a. auratus from Northern Peru, Ecuador, and Bogoté. The throat, in the
females, is, however, entirely unspotted. Though I feel pretty sure that the
birds from the Rio Madeira, N. Bolivia, and Marcapata, S.E. Pera, constitute
a recognizable race, I prefer to await further material before proposing any formal
separation, inasmuch as those from the first-named locality may again be different.

340. Capito aurantiicollis (Scl.).

Eubueco aurantiicollis Sclater, Proz. Zool. Soc. Lond, xxv. 1857. p. 257 (Jan. 1858.—Rio Javarri,
N.W. Brazil), descr. ¢ ad. : j :

Capito melanotis (Hartlaub MS.) Sclater, [bis 1861. p. 190 (part.: Ucayali (Hauxwell], Rio Javarri
[Bates]), descr. ? .*

No. 1069. ¢& ad., Calama, 10, ix, 1908, “Iris dark red, feet green, bill
yellowish green.”—Wing 70 ; tail 45; bill 17 mm.

No. 1070. % ad., Calama, 10. ix. 1908, “Iris dark red, bill dark green.”—
Wing 66; tail 43; bill 163 mm.

* The examples from Rio Napo and Bogota mentioned by Sclater belong to 5 r., richardsont aa
and C. 7. granadensis Shell. respectively. ‘ype of C. melanotis is specimen & of C. ee at
Birds Brit. Mus. xix. p. 116: 9, Ucayali, July 1852, J. Hauxwell coll.), marked as such in Mr. Sclater’s

own handwriting.

( 396 )

The Calama specimens agree perfectly with others from Bastern Pern (Samiria,
Ucayali) and the valley of the Rio Jurni. :

C. aurantiicollis is nearly allied to C. +. richardsoni Gray, of Eastern Eenador,
from which it differs, in the male sex, by having the nape pale yellowish instead
of bluish grey, and the foreneck deep orange instead of clear yellow. The female
also agrees with that of C. 7. richardsoni in all essential characters (7.e. forehead
hoary grey, crown and back olive-green, sides of the head sooty blackish, narrow
whitish superciliary streak euding in a golden yellow stripe above and behind the
ear-coverts, malar region and throat dingy pale greyish, ete.), bat may be readily
distinguished by its broader and deep orange, not golden yellow, jugular band.
To prevent farther confusion, I may state that the description of C. aurantiicollis,
?, in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. p. 116, has, by some mistake, been drawn up
from a female specimen of C. dourcieri (Lafr.), while in the key, page 108, its
characters are correctly indicated. The specimens d, f,h, k of Shelley’s list (p. 116),
marked “ female” by the collectors, do not at all agree with his description, being,
however, practically identical with my ¢? from Calama and Rio Jurnii.

The range of C. aurantiicollis is as follows :—

N.W. Brazil: Rio Javarri (Bates), Rio Jurud * (Garbe) ; Ponto Alegre, Bom
Lugar, Canacury on the Rio Parts ¢ (Mus. Goeldi) ; Calama, Rio Madeira (Hoff-

manns). Peru: Sarayacn, Santa Cruz, Ucayali (Bartlett), Samiria (Hauxwell),
Monterico (Jelski).

341. Ramphastos cuvieri cuvieri Wagl.

Ramphastos Cuvieri Wagler, Syst. Av. Gen. Ramphastos sp. 5 (1827.—“ in Brasilia versus flumen
Amazonum ”—Mus. Monac.) ; Pelzeln, J.c. p. 233 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 399

(Humaytha),

No. 588. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 25. ix. 1907.—Wing 245 ; tail 170; bill 217 mm.

Nos. 302, 492. ¢ 9 ad., Calama, 30. vii., 31. viii, 1907.—Wing 247, 230; tail
166, 168; bill 195, 175 mm.

No, 491. ? juv., Calama, 31, viii, 1907.—Wing 228 ; tail 168; bill 152 mm.

No. 1015. (¢) ad., Marnuins, 13. vii. 1908.— Wing 230 ; tail 163; bill 175 mm.

“Tris brown, feet pale blue, bill black, culminal stripe and basal band of upper
mandible yellowish green, base of lower jaw light blue.”

The specimens agree with the type in the Munich Museum. The black
portions of the bill are uniform, without any red patch on the upper mandible.
The colour of the upper tail-coverts is somewhat variable, being either sulphur-
yellow with darker, more orange tips, or nearly uniform bright orange-yellow.

Some specimens show a slight yellowish tinge on the foreneck, while in others
the latter is white like the throat,

342. Ramphastos culminatus Gould.

Ramphastos culminatus Gould, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. i. 1833. p. 70 (1833.— Mexico,” errore! hab
substit. Rio Solimoéns, Brazil, auct. Berl. & Hart.) ; Pelzeln, lc. p. 234 (Borba) ; Hellmayr,

Le. p. 399 (Humaytha),

Nos. 593, — , 2 9, Jamarysinho, 26, ix. ; Marmellos (left bank), 27. xii. 1907.
“Tris brown, feet light blue, bill black, culminal and basal stripe yellow.”—Wing
190, 200 ; tail 150, 163; bill 138, 149 mm.

* Thering, Revist. Mus. Paul. vi. p. 446.
t Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith, 1908. p. 19.

( 397 )

The Jamarysinho bird has the foreneck tinged with pale yellow, and the
upper tail-coverts deep orange with dark red tips ; while in the Marmellos specimen
the former is white like the throat, and the upper tail-coverts are sulphur-yellow

with the apical portion light orange-yellow. Similar variation is to be observed
in Peruvian birds,

(343. Ramphastos osculans Gould.

Ramphastos osculans Gould, Proce. Zool. Soz. Lond. iii. 1835. p. 156 (1835.—* in Brasilia,” type in
the Vienna Museum, coll. Natterer [cf. Monogr. Ramph. 1st edit. pl. 5], sc. Rio Madeira:
Ribeirao, Borba *) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 234 (Ribeirao, Borba).

Right bank: Borba, Ribeir&o (Natterer).

Three specimens, including the type, all from Borba, were kindly lent me
by the authorities of the Vienna Museum. After comparing them with several
skins of FR. culminutus, | must confess that I am rather doubtful about the dis-
tinctness of FR. osculans. The three examples of the latter differ only by having
the throat, foreneck, and cheeks more or less deeply yellow, while these parts in
LR. culminatus are pure white, sometimes with a pale yellow tinge on the lower
foreneck. In other respects, notably in the shape of the bill (culmen bounded
by a distinct furrow on each side), the two supposed “species” are practically
identical. Pelzeln (dc. footnote 1) has already called attention to the great
variation in the coloration of the throat, etc., and upper tail-coverts, as shown by
Natterer’s series. In the three skins before me the colour of the upper tail-coverts
varies from sulphur-yellow to scarlet with orange bases, and a similar variation
in 2. culminatus is mentioned above.

What &. osculans really is cannot be decided with the limited material at
our command. The so-called ‘“ oseulans” from the “ Rio Negro” and Munduapo
(Orinoco) should also be compared with those from the Rio Madeira. ]

[344. Pteroglossus aracari aracari (Linn.).

Ramphastos Aracari Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 104 (1758.—based on Marcgrave's “ Aracari,” Hist.
Nat. Bras. p. 217: N.E. Brazil; ef. Nov. Zool. xii. 1905. p. 300).
Pteroglossus Wiedii Pelzeln, /.c. p. 235 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer),

Specimens from Borba, as well as others from Para, Maranhiio, and Itaitiba
(Rio Tapajéz), agree with South Brazilian examples. The northern form, P. aracari
atricollis (P. L. 8. Mill.) (aracari of Gould, Sturm, Sclater, etc.), with broad black
culminal stripe, is apparently confined to the Guianas. |

345. Pteroglossus castanotis australis Cass.

[Pteroglossus castanotis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. i. 1833. p. 119 (1834.—* Brasilia” ; we fix
Rio Solimoéns as type locality).]
P. castanotis b, australis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1867. p. 112 (1867.—Rio Parana—
Capt. Page coll.).
No. 478. ¢ ad., Calama, 29. viii. 1907.— Wing 158 ; tail 154 ; bill 133 mm.
Nos. 451, 480. ? 2, Calama, 25, 29. viii. 1907.— Wing 158, 162; tail 151, 158;
bill 115, 125 mm. aa ae
Nos. 691, 706. ¢o ad., S. Isabel, 13, 16. x. 1907,—Wing 160, 155; tail 157 ;
bill 140 mm,

* Berlepsch & Hartert (uv. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 100) erroneously substituted “ Rio Negro ” as type
locality, Gould, however, based his description upon Natterer’s skins.

( 398 )

“ Tris white, feet green, bill black, buff and yellow.”

The series forms the passage to the northern P, c. castanotis, the crown being
black without any chestnut tinge, but the sides of the head and throat are coloured
as in australis from Paraguay and Mattogrosso. Occasionally black-headed
examples are also met with in the latter countries. .

P. ¢. australis inhabits the Brazilian central provinces Goyaz and Matto-
grosso (north to the Rio Machados), Eastern Bolivia and Paragnay. Cf. Nov. Zool.
xv. 1908. pp. 84-5,

346. Pteroglossus bitorquatus sturmii Natt.

[Pteroglossus bitorquatus Vigors, Zoolog. Journ. ii. p. 481 (1826.—no locality).]
Pteroglossus Sturmii Natterer in Sturm, Monogr. Rhamphast. Heft 3 [p. 13. tab. 7] (1842.—Borba,

Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii, 1869. p. 237 (Borba).

Nos. 488, 447. 3 ad., od fere ad., Calama, 24, 30. viii. 1907. “Iris brown,
feet green, upper mandible and tip of lower one yellowish green, remainder of the
latter black.”—Wing 128, 124 ; tail 143, 150; bill 100 mm.

No. 410. 3 juv., Calama, 17. viii. 1907. Soft parts as above-— Wing 118;
tail 123; bill 94 mm.

No. 589. g ad., Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, 25. ix. 1907. Soft parts as
above.-—Wing 124; tail 134; bill 97 mm.

No. 576, ? imm., Jamarysinho, 20. ix. 1907. “Tris reddish brown, feet dark
green, bill coloured as above.”— Wing 122; tail 125; bill 79 mm.

No. 939. ¢ ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 21. vi. 1908. “ Iris dark brown, feet,
light green, bill yellowish green, lower mandible black.”—Wing 123; tail 143;
bill 94 mm.

Nos. 905, 938. 2 ad. 2 vix ad., Maruins, 4, 21. vi. 1908. “Iris brownish red,
feet and bill as above.”—Wing 123, 116 ; tail 140, 131; bill 83 mm. |

No. 906. 2 juv., Maruins, 4. vi. 1908. “Tris reddish brown, feet pale plum-
beous, upper mandible dull yellowish, lower one black.”—Wing 119; tail 133;
bill 79 mm,

This rare species was hitherto represented by a single male specimen in the
Vienna Museum, obtained by Natterer, in 1830, near Borba on the right bank of
the Rio Madeira.

P. b. sturmii is most nearly allied to P, 8. bitorquatus from the Para district,
and, like it, has a broad yellow jugular band, but differs by its black lower
mandible, the extreme tip only being yellowish. Another difference between the
two forms appears to exist in the colour of the eye. Both Natterer and Hoffmanns
state the iris to be brown or reddish brown in P. 6, sturmit, orange or reddish
yellow in P. 6. bitorquatus.

The adult 3 (Nos. 447, 488, 589, 939) have the top of the head glossy
black and a large spot on the chin dull black. The upper back is strongly suffused
with crimson, and there is a patch of the same colour on the uropygium.

The young male (No. 410) has the red on the mantle and breast duller and
less extended, and the upper mandible duller, more greyish yellow. The upper
Wing-coverts as well as the feathers of the lower back show narrow pale reddish
apical margins,

The females differ from the males by having the top of the head dull brownish
black, the sides of the head and the throat darker chestnut, and by lacking the
blackish chin-spot. Besides, all dimensions are less, especially the bill is much

°

( 399 )

shorter. In two specimens (Nos. 905, 938) there is a narrow blackish line on
the upper mandible, separating the whitish “teeth” from the yellowish colour
of the culmen.

The young female (No. 906) is even paler and duller red on the mantle,
breast, etc., than the young male (No. 410); the feathers of the pileum are edged
with pale red, and the prominent bright reddish yellow lamella at the base of the
bill is altogether absent.

The colour of the under tail-coverts is rather variable in P. d. sturmii. They
are either all pale yellow (Nos. 447, 939), or the longer ones are clear rufescent
brown, at least their apical portion.

Nos. 488, 410, 589, 576, 906 are preserved in the Tring Museum, Nos. 939 and
905 passed into the Munich Museum, while Nos. 447 and 938 have been incorporated
in the collection of Count Berlepsch.

P. b. sturmii, P. 6, bitorquatus, and the recently described P. b. reichenowi *
form a natural group, replacing each other geographically.

(a) P. bitorquatus bitorquatus Vig. Para district: Para, 8, Antonio do Prata,
Ourém, ete.

(6) P. bitorquatus reichenowi Snethl. Lower Amazons: Monte Alegre, San-
tarem, Cameti, Rio Jamauchim, ete.

(ce) P. bitorquatus sturmii Natt. Right bank of the Rio Madeira from Borba
to Calama, and Rio Machados.

[347. Pteroglossus flavirostris mariae Gould.

Pteroglossus Mariae Gould, Monogr. Rhamphast. ed. 2. pl. 30 (1854.—“ the woods clothing the sides
of the Lower Amazons,” errore! coll. Hauxwell—Peruvian Amazons substituted as type
locality ; cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 83).

P. flavirostris mariae Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 397 (Humaytha),

Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
For characters and range of P. f. flavirostris and P. f. mariae cf. Nov. Zool.

xiv. 1907. p. 83. Lately, Miss Snethlaget has recorded the latter race from

Ponto Alegre, Upper Purtis, the most southerly locality as yet known. |

[348. Pteroglossus inscriptus Swains.

Pteroglossus inscriptus Swainson, Zoolog. Illustr, (Ast ser.) ii. pl. 90 (1820-21.—“ from the interior
of Guyana,” errore! we substitute Pard) ; Pelzeln, Uc, p. 236 (city of Mattogrosso, Forte do
Principe, Rio Guaporé ; Borba, Rio Madeira).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

' Specimens from the Madeira district in the Munich Museum, Natterer coll.,
agree with a good series from Parad and Maranhao excepting that the black stripe
across the sides of the upper mandible immediately preceding the yellow basal
lamella is perhaps slightly broader. In the principal character, viz. the greater
portion of the lower mandible being yellow, they are exactly like Pard examples.
P. inscriptus has evidently a wide range in Amazonia, south of the main valley
of the Amazons. It is not uncommon in the vicinity of Para, where Natterer,

* Pteroglossus reichenowi Snethlage, Ornith. Monatsber. xv. p. 195 (1907.—Monte Alegre).—I am
indebted to Count Berlepsch for the loan of a fine specimen secured by Miss Snethlage on the Rio
Jamauchim, an eastern confluent of the Rio Tapajéz. This race principally differs by the absence of the

yellow jugular band.
+ Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 20.

( 400 )

Wallace, and others have met with it. Schwanda forwarded a good series from
Miritiba, Maranhao, to the Munich Museum. Miss Snethlage found it at Arumathena,
R. Tocantins,* and the late Mr. Hoffmanns obtained an adult male near Itaittba,
R. Tapajéz.+ The great Austrian naturalist J. Natterer secured specimens at
Borba, on the right bank of the Madeira, as well as at Forte do Principe da
Beira and near the city of Mattogrosso, on the Rio Guaporé. ]

349. Pteroglossus humboldti Wagl.

Pteroglossus Humboldti Wagler, Syst. Ar. Genus Pteroglossus, sp, 4 (1827,—“ Brasilia””—Mus.
Monac.—deser. ¢ ad.).

No. 823. do ad., Calama, 3. viii. 1907.—Wing 127; tail 155; bill 95 mm.

“Tris red, feet green, upper mandible yellow, culminal stripe, narrow basal
line and teeth black, lower mandible black excepting the yellow basal lamella.”

In coloration this bird is practically identical with Wagler’s type in the Munich
Museum, but slightly smaller (type: wing 132; tail 157; bill 104 mm.). From
P. inscriptus the two specimens differ in larger sizet and much longer bill, with
the lower mandible almost wholly black. It is very strange to find P. humboldti
in the same region where Natterer had met with P. inscriptus, for we had always
looked upon them as geographical representatives. P. humboldti is widely dis-
tributed in Upper Amazonia from Eastern Ecuador down to Peru and W. Brazil
(Rio Purtis, ete.). Calama is the most easterly locality as yet on record.

390. Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Wag].

Pteroglossus Beauharnaesii Wagler, Isis 1832. p. 280 (1832.—“ Brasilia, prov. Pard”—type now in

Munich Museum) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 399 (Humaytha),

Nos. 461, 464. 29 ad., Calama, 26. viii, 1907.—Wing 140, 142; tail 166;
bill 109, 97 mm.

Nos. 582, 590. ?9 ad, Jamarysinho, 22, 25. ix, 1907.—Wing 146, 150;
tail 175, 177; bill 108 mm.

“Tris dark red or brownish red, feet greenish, bill: upper mandible red and
pale green, lower one dingy white, tip of both clear yellowish red. Bare space
round the eye pale blue.”

The specimens differ from the type and other Upper Amazonian skins by the
brown spots on the cheeks and throat being absent or but faintly indicated. How-
ever, this may be an individual character.

(351. Selenidera maculirostris gouldii (Natt.).

[Pteroglossus maculirostris Lichtenstein, Verz, Dubl. Berliner Mus, p. 7 (1823.—Brasil), ]
P. Gouldii Natterer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 1837. p. 44 (1837.—Para in Brazil) ; Pelzeln, /.c.
p. 238 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

As already noticed by Pelzeln, the two specimens obtained in the vicinity of
Borba have slightly longer bills and the black blotch at the base of the upper
mandible more restricted than typical Para birds. The difference should be con-
firmed by additional material.

* Journ. f. Ornith, 1908, p. 536. t Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 26.
{ Measurements of P. inseriptus :—

Three adult males . Wing 114—120; tail 134—137; bill 80—82 mm,
Five adult females . » 110—117; ,, 125—135; ,, 65—75

”

( 401 )

S. m. gouldii replaces S. m. maculirostris in Lower Amazonia. Its chief
character consists of the large, continuous black patch occupying more than the
basal half of the upper mandible, while in the South Brazilian race there are several
distinctly separated transverse blotches in its stead.]

352. Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieill.

Coccyzus melacoryphus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. viii. p. 271 (1817.—3x Azara: Paraguay).
Coceygus melanocoryphus Pelzeln, l.c, p, 273 (Borba).

No. 49. ? ad., Calama, 16. vi. 1907. “ Iris dark brown, feet bluish black, bill

black.”—Wing 120; tail 141; bill 24 mm.
Exactly like specimens from Paragnay and Sonthern Brazil.

353. Piaya cayana obscura Snethlage.

[Cuculus cayanus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1. p. 170 (1766.—ex Brisson : Cayenne). }

Piaya cayana obscura Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1998. p. 21 (Jan. 1908.—Bom Lugar, Rio Verde,
upper Purts R., W. Brazil).

P. cayana Pelzeln, /.c. p. 272 (Borba).

No. 246. o imm., Calama, 20. vii. 1907, “Iris clear red, feet light plambeons,
bill greyish green.”-—Wing 140 ; tail 238; bill 27 mm.

This bird answers well to the MS. description drawn up from the typical
examples which had been forwarded for my inspection some years ago. P. c. obscura
resembles, on the lower parts, the well-known P. ¢. cayana, of Cayenne, Guiana,
Orinoco region, etc., but the upper surface is much daller, more walnnt-brown, less
chestnut. Specimens from the Rio Jurud* belong likewise to this form, which
wonld appear to range over a considerable portion of Central Amazonia, though the
exact limits of its area are not yet known.

Notwithstanding Mr. Stone’s contention,+ I am unwilling to unite P. ¢. cabanisi
Allen, from Mattogrosso, to P. c. pallescens Cab. & Heine, for birds from
Chapada are much larger than a series from Minas and Bahia which I believe
to represent pallescens.

(354. Piaya melanogastra (Vieill.).

Cuculus melanogaster Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. viii. p, 236 (1817,—“ Java,” errore ! hab, subst. Cayenne
auct. Berl. & Hart.).
Piaya melanogaster Pelzeln, l.c. p. 273 (Borba).

Right. bank : Borba (Natterer). |

355, Neomorphus geoffroyi (Temm.).

Coccyzus geoffroyi Temminek, Ree, Pl, col. livr, 2. pl. 7 (1820.—no locality ; hab, subst. Bahia, East

Brazil, auct, Hellm. Nov. Zool, xii. p. 298).

No. 31. 2 ad., Calama, 12. vi. 1907.—Wing 162; tail 263; bill 43 mm.

No. 1034, ¢ ad., Maruins, 18. vii. 1908.—Wing 164 ; tail 260; bill 40 mm.

Nos. 896, 1012. %%, Maruins, 1. vi., 13. vii. 1908.—Wing 158, 162 ; tail 258,
265; bill 41, 42 mm.

“ Tris yellow, feet grey, bill pale grey or greenish.”

* P. cayana cabanisi (nec Allen) Ihering, Revist. Mus. Paul. vi, p, 448,

+ Proc, Acad, N, Sci. Philad. 1x, part 3. publ, Jan. 1909, p. 509. te

( 402 )

These specimens agree in every respect with another from Pard. I suspect
that both V. pucherani (Deville), of Eastern Peru, and N. salvini Scl., of Central
America, will prove to be geographical representatives of the present species, but
have not yet met with either of them.

(356. Tapera naevia (Linn.).

Cuculus naevins Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 170 (1766.—ex Brisson : Cayenne).
Diplopterus naevius Pelzeln, l.c. p. 271 (Borba),

Rio Madeira: Borba (Natterer). |

[357. Dromococcyx phasianellus phasianellus (Spix).

Macropus phasianellus Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 53. pl. xlii, (1824.—Tonantins, Rio Solimoéns).
Dromococeyx phasianellus Pelzeln, i.c, p. 270 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 398 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

Widely distributed in Brazil from S. Paulo, Mattogrosso, and Bahia north to
the Amazons. In Venezuela, (Colombia?) and Central America it is replaced by
a larger race, D. phasianellus mexicanus Bonap. Cf. my remarks in Adhandl.
Bayer. Akad, Wissensch. IT, Kl, xxii. 3. p. 600.]

358. Ara ararauna (Linn.).

Psittacus Ararauna Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, x. p. 96 (1758.—ex Aldrovandi, Maregrave, etc, : “ in
America meridionali ”’),
Sittace ararauna Pelzeln, /.c. p. 255 (Borba).

No. —. Ad., Calama, 7. ix. 1907. “Iris pale yellow, feet and bill black, bare
skin on face whitish.”

359. Ara macao (Linn.).

Psittacus Macao Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 96 (1758.—ex Aldrovandi, Edwards, etc.: “in America
meridionali”’),
Sittace macao Pelzeln, !.c. p. 254 (Bananeira, Ribeirio, Borba),
Ara macao Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 405 (Humaytha).
Nos. — —. 64 ad., Calama, 15. vii., 30. viii. 1907. “Tris white, feet black,
upper mandible whitish with tip and base of tomiae black, lower mandible black.”

360. Ara severa (Linn.).

Psittacus severus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. x. p. 97 (1758.—“ in Indiis,” errore! we substitute Surinam
as type locality).

Nos, 240, 241, 487, 511. dd? 2, Calama, 19. vii. 30. viii., 7. ix. 1907. “Iris
yellow, feet and bill black, naked face pale grey.”

The specimens agree with others from Cayenne and Venezuela (Caura), the
under surface of both remiges and rectrices being bright red.

(361. Ara manilata (Bodd.).

Psittacus manilatus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 52 (1783,—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 864 : Cayenne).
Sittace macavuanna Pelzeln, Lc. p. 255 (Borba),

Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in Amazonia and in the Guianas. |

( 403 )

362. Conurus weddellii Deville.

Conurus Weddellii Deville, Rev. Mag, Zool. (2) iii. p. 209 (1851.—“ Pébas, sur le Haut-Amazone ”) ;

Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 404 (Humaytha),
C. canibucealis Rothschild, Bull. B, O. C. xix. p. 48 (1907.—Humaytha).

No. 236. ¢ imm., Calama, 17, vii. 1907.—Wing 130; tail 115 mm.

Nos. 648, 569. 2 ad., Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907; S. Isabel, Rio Preto,
8. x. 1907.—Wing 140, 142; tail 118 mm,

No. 1068. ¢ ad., Manicoré (Las Oncas), 24. viii. 1908.—Wing 140; tail
115 mm.

“Tris dingy white or grey, feet and bill black.”

Natterer obtained this species at the sugar-mill of Captain Gama, on the Rio
Guaporé.*

363. Conurus leucophthalmus (P. L. 8. Miill.).
Psittacus leucophthalmus P, L, 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 75 (1776.-—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl.
407 : Cayenne).

Conurus pavua Pelzeln, 1c: p. 256 (Borba),

No. 1066. ¢ ad., Manicoré (Las Oncas), 21. viii. 1908.—Wing 169; tail
161 mm.

“Tris clear brown, feet grey, bill pale grey.”

No red patches on the cheeks: Agrees with Cayenne and Paraguay examples.
Cf. my remarks in Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 85. :

(364. Conurus aureus (Gm.).

Psittacus aureus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i, p. 329 (1788.—ex Brisson : ex Edwards, Glean. v. pl. 235:

“ supposed to be a native of Brazil”).
Conurus aureus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 404 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

Widely distributed in Brazil south of the Amazon valley, from Mexiana and
Maranhao to Bahia and Northern S. Pauio, but, as far as I know, not yet recorded
from any locality west of the Madeira basin. }

365. Pyrrhura picta amazonum Hellm.

[Psittacus pictus P, L. S. Miller, Natursyst. Sappl. p. 75 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 144:
Cayenne). |

Pyrrhura picta amazonum Hellmayr, Bull. B. O.C. xix. p. 8 (1906.—Obidos, Lower Amazons) ;
idem, Nov, Zool. xiv. 1907. pp. 36, 37 (Obidos, Santarem).

Conurus Luciani (nec Deville) Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii. 1869. p. 259 (Ribeirao, Salto Theotonio).

C. roseifrons (nec Gray) Allen, Bull. Essex Inst, viii, 1876. p. 81 (Santarem).

Pyrrhura luciani Thering & Thering, Cat. Fauna Brazil. i. 1907. p. 115 (part.: Santarem) ; Snethlage,
Journ. f, Ornith, 1908, p. 537 (Arumatheua, Tocantins),

P. picta lucianii (errore !) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 404 (Humaytha).

Nos. 512, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519. od, 2? ad. et imm., Calama, 4, 6. ix.
1907.—Wing 124—127; tail 105—115; bill 17—19 mm.

No. 812, 3 juv., Allianca, 10. xii. 1907,.—Wing 122; bill 16 mm.

No. 1063. Imm., 8. Vicente, Rio Machados, 1. viii. 1908.—Wing 120 ; tail
107; bill 17 mm.

Nos. 949, 1000—1004, 1037, 1038. dd, ?? ad. et imm., Marnins, 27. vi.
12, 19. vii. 1908.—Wing 120—128 ; tail 102—117; bill 17—18 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill black.”

* Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii, p. 258.

( 404 )

The splendid series now forwarded by Mr. Hoffmanns, comprising both
adult and young birds, shows that I was mistaken in identifying his single
Humaytha specimen and Natterer’s skins as belonging to P. p. lucianii (Nov. Zool.
xiv. p. 404). But as all the examples I then had before me were quite young this
error is certainly pardonable. On re-examination and comparison with the fresh
material I find that they are unquestionably young birds of P. p. amazonum.
The latter are not always distinguishable from the corresponding stage of
P. p. lucianii, but, as a rule, they have much more blue on the forehead, and
brighter, more golden buff ear-coverts. Adults are of course easily recognizable
by having no crimson whatever on the forehead, this being replaced by a rather
narrow, dull bluish band, ete., ete. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. pp. 36-7.

Miss Snethlage (é» Jitt.) informs me that the specimen from Arumathena
recorded s.n. P. duciani is likewise referable to P. p. amazonum.

The range of P. ». amazonum is thus as follows :—

Arumathena, Tocantins (Snethlage) ; Lower Amazons: Obidos (Hoffmanns),
Santarem (Linden, Garbe); Rio Madeira: Calama, Allianca, Humaytha (Hoff-
manns), Ribeirio, Salto Theotonio (Natterer), Maruins and §. Vicente, Rio
Machados (Hoffmanns),

366. Pyrrhura rhodogaster (Scl.).

Conurus rhodogaster (Natterer MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864. p. 298. pl. xxiv. (1864.—

Borba, Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 260 (Borba),

No. 948. f ad., Maruins, 27. vi. 1908. “Tris brown, feet and bill black.”—
Wing 139; tail 121; bill 20 mm. [Munich Museum. |

This is the first specimen taken since Natterer’s time, who discovered this
beantifaul Parrot at Borba, farther down the river, in 1829. Like Brotogeris
chrysosema, to be mentioned hereafter, P. rhodogaster is peculiar to the Madeira
district, the only ascertained localities being Borba and Maruins,

P. rhodogaster is most nearly allied to P. perlata (Spix), from Paré and
Maranhao, but, besides being larger in all dimensions, differs markedly in coloration.
The sides of the chest, the lower breast, as well as the middle of the abdomen,
are bright red (instead of green); the cheeks and malar region olive-yellowish
(instead of dull blue, passing into greenish anteriorly); the upper wing-coverts,
scapulars, inner secondaries, and the flanks dull bluish (instead of bright green).
The head above, tail, foreneck and chest, etc., are alike in the two species,

[367. Psittacula modesta modesta Cab.

Psittacula modesta Cabanis in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana iii, p. 727 (1848.—British Guiana ;
descr, 9); Allen, Auk xx. 1903. p 213 (Saramaca River, Dutch Guiana ; crit.).

P. sclateri (nec Gray) Pelzeln, /.c, p. 268 (Cachoeira das Pederneiras, Rio Madeira ; Marabitanas,
upper Rio Negro); Salvadori, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus. xx. 1891, p. 244 (part. : specimen g ex
Oyapoc, Cayenne); Berlepsch & Hartert, Nor. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 108 (La Union, Caura,
Venezuela),

Upper Madeira: Pederneiras (Natterer).

Through the good offices of Dr, Reichenow I have received for examination
the type of P. modesta from the Berlin Museum, and found it to be an adult
female (withont blue on the rump) of the species commonly called P. sclateri.
The stont, strong bill with the dusky upper mandible, the broad, well-defined,
yellowish frontal band, and the clear yellow (not green) throat and sides of the

( 405 )

head prove at first sight its distinctness from P. guianensis Sws., which is likewise
an inhabitant of British Guiana. Dr. Allen (/.c.) has pointed ont that a Guiana
specimen (modesta) differed from another obtained on the Rio Javarri (selater?)
“in being of a lighter, more yellowish green below, particularly on the breast... .”
Examples from Oyapoc (Cayenne), La Union, Caura (Venezuela), Pederneiras
(Rio Madeira), and the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas) are exactly similar to
the type of modesta, while a series from the Rio Napo, Sarayacu (Ucayali, Peru),
Iquitos, Rio Javarri (type of sclater’), and Cosnipata (S.E. Pern) differ in darker
and greener general coloration, particularly of the under parts, and darker blue
rump of the males. Some of the Iquitos specimens are intermediate; but con-
sidered as a whole, the two series may easily be told apart. The range of the
two races is as follows :—
(a) P. modesta modesta Cab.

French Guiana: Oyapoc (Mus. Brit.); Dutch Guiana: Saramaca River
(Young); Brit. Guiana (Schomburgk), East Venezuela: La Union, Caura R.
(André). North Brazil: Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro ; Pederneiras, Rio Madeira
(Natterer).

Material: 1 % ad., Brit. Guiana (type), Berlin Museum; 1 ¢ ad. Oyapoc,
Cayenne, Brit. Mus. (typical Cayenne make !); 1 S, 1 2, Marabitanas, 1 d ad.,
Pederneiras, Vienna Museum ; 1 ¢ ad., La Union, aura, in Tring Museum.

(b) P. modesta sclateri G. R. Gray.
Psittacula Sclateri Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus. 3. ii. Psitt. p. 86 (1859.—Rio Javarri).

S.E. Peru: Cosnipata (Whitely). Eastern Peru: Rio Javarri (Bates), Iquitos
(Whitely), Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Eastern Ecuador: Rio Napo (W.
Jameson).

Material: 3 $3 ad, 12%, Rio Napo, Mus. Brit. and Tring ; 1 gd ad, Rio
Javarri (type), Brit. Mus.; 2 $d, Iquitos, 1d, 1 %, Cosnipata, | ?, Sarayacu,
in Brit. Mus. ]

368. Brotogeris sanctithomae (P. L. S. Miill.).

Psittacus st. thomae P. L. 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 81 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 456.
fig. 1: “Insel St, Thomae,” errore ! We substitute Brazilian Amazons as type locality).

Brotogerys tui Pelzeln, l.c. p. 261 (Guajaraguagu, Borba).
B. sanctithomae Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 405 (Humaytha, Paraiso).

Nos. 541, 543, 544. o, ? ? ad., Jamarysinho, 12. ix. 1907.—Wing 109—105 ;
tail 63-—60; bill 15—14 mm.

Nos. 813, 814, 822. ¢ ad., 2 9, Marmellos, 15, 17. xii. 1907.—Wing 107—103 ;
tail 59—56 ; bill 16—15} mm.

“Tris grey, feet yellowish or reddish grey, bill brown.”

Agreeing with Peravian examples. In none of them is there a yellow streak
behind the eye.

; 369. Brotogeris chrysosema Scl.

Brotogerys chrysosema (ex Natterer MS.) Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc, Lond. 1864. P. 298 (1864.—
“in Brasilia (Natt.),” sc. Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, Zur Ornith, Bras... 1869. p. 261 (Rio

Madeira, Cachoeira das Pederneiras).

No. 727. ¢ ad., Calama, 25. ix. 1907.—Wing 123; tail 70; bill 24 mm.

No. 373. 2 ad., Calama, 12. viii. 1907—Wing 120; tail 66; bill 22 mm.

No. 1018. ¢ ad., Marnins, Rio Machados, 19, vii, 1908,— Wing 120; tail 70 ;

bill 24 mm,

( 406 )

No, 1062. 3 ad., S. Vicente, Falls of the Rio Machados, 1. viii. 1908.— Wing
- 121; tail 66; bill 23 mm.

“Tris brown or dark brown, feet and bill yellowish grey.”

This species had never been met with since Natterer’s time, who obtained ten
specimens in the same district many years ago. LB. chrysosema is most nearly
allied to B. tuipara (Gm.), but differs at a glance by having the greater upper
wing-coverts golden yellow instead of orange. Moreover, the reddish frontal edge
is of a clearer, more orange tint, the orange-red chin-spot rather larger, and the
wings are somewhat longer. The other differences mentioned by Dr. Sclater—
viz. the more yellowish green colour of the plumage and more bluish crown—are
not borne out by Mr. Hoffmanns’ series. The couple from Calama show but a very
narrow reddish frontal edge, while in the two Machados birds it is fully as broad
as in B.tuipara. In the males the crown (as far back as the posterior margin of
the eye) is more or less washed with pale bluish, whereas the female has the top
of the head nearly uniform green.

B. chrysosema is very likely a geographical representative of B. tuipara.
Up to the present time it is only known from the right bank of the Upper Madeira
(Pederneiras to Calama) and its tributary, the Rio Machados.

B. tuipara inhabits the Lower Amazons from Pari to Mandos. Mr. Hoffmanns
obtained it at Urneurituba, left bank of the Rio Tapajéz,* Miss Snethlage at
Arumatheua, on the Tocantins.t The Manich Museum has lately received five
specimens from Miritiba, Maranhio, through Mr. F. Schwanda.

370, Amazona farinosa farinosa (Bodd.).
Psitiacus farinosus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 52 (1783,—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 861: Cayenne),
Chrysotis farinosa Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 266 (Borba).

No. 310. 3 ad., Calama, 31. vii. 1907.—Wing 240 ; tail 140; bill 43 mm.

No. 194, (?), Calama, 8. vii, 1907.—Wing 220; tail 125; bill 41 mm.

“Tris yellow (3), brown (?), feet black, bill grey.”

The male has the crown uniform light green, while in the other example the
forehead is slightly spotted with yellow. Of two adult males obtained by Natterer
at Borba, one has a well-defined bright yellow patch on the anterior crown, the
other has the upper part of the head uniform green. In another paper t I have
already alluded to the variability of this character, which appears to be purely
individual, not geographical. The Madeira birds agree, in size and coloration, with
a topotypical example from Cayenne and others from Para,

Specimens from Chiriqui and Western Keuador do not show the mealy appear-
ance of the upper parts so conspicuous in eastern birds, and may, if this difference
be found constant, be separated as A. farinosa inornata (Salvad.), §

(371. Amazona amazonica (Linn.).

Psittacus amazonicus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1. p. 147 (1766.—ex Brisson, Frisch, ete. ; “ Suri-
nam,” errore! We fix “le prys des Amazones ” (ex Brisson) as type locality).
Chrysotis amazonica Pelzeln, lc. p. 266 (Borba),

‘Right bank : Borba ( Natterer),

This beautiful bird has a wide range in Eastern South America, being found

* Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. 1907. p. 28.

t Snethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. 1908. p. 537.

{ Abhandl. Bayer. Ahad. Wissensch. IT. Kl. xxii. 3. 1906. pp. 591-2.

§ Chrysotis inornata Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xx, p. 281 (1891.—Veragua).

( 407 )

from Trinidad and Guiana southwards to Rio de Janeiro, Cf. Abhandl. Bayer.
Akad. Wissensch, 11. Kl. xxii. 3. p. 594. |

(372. Amazona nattereri (linsch).

Psittacus (Chrysotis) Nattereri Finsch, Journ, f. Ornith. xii, p. 411 (1864.—Cachoeira do Bananeira,

Rio Mamoré).
Chrysotis Nattereri Pelzeln, Le. p, 266 (Rio Mamoré, Bananeira).

Upper Madeira: Bananeira on the Rio Mamoré (N atterer), September 182).

The type (an adult male) in the Vienna Museum is still the only known
specimen. A. nattereri is by no means related to A. farinos1, with which
Dr. Finsch compared it in the original description, but belongs to the group of
A. aestiva (Linn.) and A. ochrocephala (Gm.), as I have pointed out in Abhandl.
Bayer, Akad. Wissensch. IT, Kl. xxii. 3. p. 593. It resembles these two species
in having the edge of the wing and a large wing-speculum bright red, and the
base of the inner web of the outer rectrices pale red, but differs from A. ochro-
cephala, with which it agrees in the absence of yellow on the sides of the head,
by having a broad, bluish frontal band (instead of a narrow, green edge), and by
the sides of the head, throat, and under parts being decidedly bluish green (not
pure green or yellowish green). The type measures: wing 122; tail 140; bill
31 mm.

I have given (/.c.) an analytical key, which, I hope, will enable ornithologists
to distinguish A. nattereri from its allies. Although the type is slightly albinistic,
I think there can be no doubt that it represents a perfectly distinct form. ]

373. Amazona festiva (Linn.).
Psittacus festivus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 101 (1758.—* in Indiis,” errore! We fix as type

locality the “Brazilian Amazons” ; cf. Abhandl, Bayer. Akad, Wissensch. IT, Kl. xxii. 3.

. 592),

Cheyeniia Toate Pelzeln, J.c. p. 265 (Borba).

Nos. 381, 506. ¢ ad., Calama, 12. viii., 2. ix. 1907.—Wing. 210; tail 110,
108; bill 38 mm, “Iris yellow or red, feet and bill grey.”

This bird has a rather restricted range in Amazonia, and is not very common
in collections. Natterer obtained specimens on the upper Rio Branco, in the Rio
Negro district, and near Borba. It also occurs in Eastern Peru, and possibly
in Guiana.
374. Graydidascalus brachyurus (Kuhl). —

Psittacus brachyurus Kubl, Consp. Psitt. p. 72 (1820.—‘ Cajana ”).
Pionias brachyurus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 262 (Borba).

No. 432. ¢ ad., Calama, 20. viii. 1907.—“ Iris yellowish red, feet grey, bill
blackish green.”—Wing 148; tail 58; bill 27 mm.

Slightly larger than a specimen from Manios,
Its reported occurrence in Cayenne appears to be open to doubt.

but not otherwise different.

375. Pionus menstruus menstruus (Linn.).

Psittacus menstruus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1, p. 148 (1766.—ex Edwards—hab. ign.—et Brisson :

“ Quiane,” sc. Cayenne).
Nos. 123, 276, 473, 486, 493, 494, 496, 505. ad, <¥3 Calama, 28, vi., 27. vii.,
27, 30, 31. viii, 1. ix. 1907,— Wing 185—200 mm.

( 408 )

Nos. 416. ¢ ad., Calama, island of Sta. Barba, 18. viii. 1907.—Wing 190 mm.

Nos. 537, 592. Oo ad., Jamarysinho, 11, 26. ix. 1907.—Wing 193, 180 mm.

“Tris brown, feet and bill dark grey or black, a large patch at the base of the
upper mandible near its lower edge red.”

Identical with specimens from Guiana, Venezuela, Eastern Ecuador, etc.

[376. Pionus fuscus (P. L. 8. Miill.).

Psittacus fuscus P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 78 (1776.—ex Edwards, Glean. vii. pl. 315,
and D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 408 : Cayenne),
Pionias violaceus Pelzeln, /.c. p. 264 (Borba),
Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Specimens from Borba, Para, and Mandos do not differ from Guianan ones. ]

377. Pionopsitta barrabandi (Kuhl).

Psittacus Barrabandi Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 61 (1820,—‘ Brasilia”),
Pionias Barrabandi Pelzeln, /.c. p. 262 (Salto do Girao),

No. 318. ¢ ad., Calama, 1. viii. 1907.—Wing 163 ; tail 71; bill 23 mm.

No. 1061. 3 ad., 8. Vicente, Rio Machados, 1. viii. 1908.—Wing 166; tail 77;
bill 24 mm.

“Tris brown, feet dark grey, bill blackish.”

These birds differ from two others from North Brazil by having the cheeks
and thighs much more deeply coloured, bright reddish orange. A series from
various localities is required to show whether this divergency is individual or
geographical. Natterer procured specimens at Salto do Girao, higher up the Rio
Madeira, as well as in several places on the upper Rio Negro.

[378. Gypopsitta vulturina (Kuhl).
Psittacus vulturinus (Illiger MS.) Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 62 (1820.—*“ Brasilia),
Pionias vulturinus Pelzeln, J.c. p. 262 (Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

This singular bird has a very limited range,* being hitherto only known from
the Para district, where Wallace and Robert secured several examples, and from
Borba, on the Lower Madeira, whence Natterer forwarded two specimens to the
Vienna Museum. In coloration it exactly resembles P. barrabandi, but may be
recognized by its naked head, bordered posteriorly by a broad, light yellow band. ]

[379. Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius (Scl.).

[ Psittacus leucogaster (IMiger MS.) Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 70 (1820.—* Brasilia,’ sc, Para).]
Caica ranthomeria (G. R. Gray MS.) Sclater, Pros. Zool. Soc, Lond. xxv. 1857. p. 236 (Jan. 1858.—

Rio Javarri).
Pionias xanthomerus Pelzela, l.c. p. 263 (Rio Machados).

Rio Machados (Natterer).

Besides the types in the British Museum, I have examined Natterer’s two

skins at Vienna, an adult male from the Rio Jurud in Mus. Berlepsch, and a male
from Teffé at Tring. Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 89.]

* @. vultwrinus apud Berl. & Hart., Nov. Zool. ix. 1902. p. 110 (Caura, Venezuela), refers to Deroptyus
a, accipitrinus (Linn.). I have examined the specimens in the Tring Museum, '

( 409 )

[380. Gypagus papa (Linn.).

Vultur Paps Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 85 (1758.—ex Edwards & Albin; “India occidentalis,”
errore! hab, substit. Surinam, aut. Berlepsch).
Sarcorhamphus papa Pelzeln, 1c, i. 1867. p. 1 (Borba).

Borba (Natterer). |

381. Ibycter ater (Vieill.).

Daptrius ater Vieillot, Analyse Ornith. élém. p. 68 (1816.—“ le Brésil”).
Ibycter ater Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 405 (Borba).

No. 389. ¢ ad., Calama, 13. viii. 1907. “Iris brown, feet yellow, bill black,.
cere and bare skin of the face bright yellow.”
Widely distributed in Amazonia.

(382. Ibycter americanus (Bodd.).

Falco americanus Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. ent. p. 25 (1783,—ex D'Aubenton, PI. enl, 417: Cayenne).
Ibycter americanus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 2 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). This species has a wide range in tropical
South America. }

[383. Micrastur brachypterus (Temm.).

Falco brachypterus Temminck, Rec. Pl. col, pls. 116 (juv.), 141 (adult) (1822.—“au Brésil, a la
Guyane, et au Paraguay”).
Micrastur brachypterus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 7 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 405 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns). |

384, Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel).
Astur Mirandollei Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. i, p. 130 (1863.—Surinaw).

No. 775. @ ad., Allianca, 11. xi. 1907—Wing 269 ; tail 200; tarsus 55; bill
(from cere) 24 mm.

“Tris and feet yellow, bill black.”

This bird, evidently a very old female, differs from an adult male procured near
Para, in November 1834, by Natterer (one of the types of A/. macrorhynchus Pelz.* )
in the following particulars: the top and sides of the head are black (instead of
slate-grey like the back) ; the feathers of the sides of the body are uniform white,
showing no trace of the dusky shaft-lines so conspicuous a feature In the Para
specimen; the light cross-bands of the tail are greyish ash (instead of sepia-brown) ;
the lower mandible is black, not yellow. Otherwise the two examples are very
similar, except that the Allianca bird, being a female, is decidedly larger.{ In
both the lower surface, from the chin to the under tail-coverts, is uniform white.

M. mirandollei is new to the fauna of the Rio Madeira, but it had been obtained
at Chyavetas, in Northern Pera, by B. Bartlett,t and in various localities in North

Brazil by J. Natterer.
* Reise der Novara, Vogel, p. 11 (1865.—Barra do Rio Negro; S. Maria do Rio Branco; Para).

t Natterer’s specimen measures : wing 234; tail 194 mm.
t Sclater & Salvin, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867. pp. 753, 759.

( 410 )

385. Micrastur gilvicollis (Vieill.).
Sparvius gilvicollis Vieilot, Nouv. Dict. x, p, 323 (1817.—loe. ign.: we substitute Cayenne: type in
Paris Museum examined),
Micrastur gilvicollis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 7 (Borba) ; Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv. p. 405 (Borba),

No, 624. 3 ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 4. x. 1907,—Wing 176; tail 163 mm.

“Tris and feet yellow, bill black, base of lower mandible, cere, and bare space
round the eye yellow.”

This bird combines the proportion of the toes (outer decidedly longer than
inner) of M. pelzelni Ridgw.* with the unbarred, uniform white abdomen
of M. gilvicollis. Another (immature) specimen, secured by Mr. Hoffmanns
on his first journey to the Madeira district, is, however, typical of gilvicollis. I
am sorry to say that, after examining large series of these birds, I am unable to
distinguish. between M/. gilvicollis and M. pelzelni. The differences put forward
by Mr. Ridgway in his “ Monograph of the Genus Micrastur,” ¢ the most compre-
hensive and elaborate paper ever published on these puzzling birds, are evidently
individnal variations of the same species. This is conclusively proved by a series
of twelve adults from British Guiana (Quonja, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, River
Carimang ; H. Whitely, jun., coll.) in the British Museum. Six specimens have
the inner and outer tocs nearly of equal length, a feature claimed by Ridgway for
M. concentricus (= gilricollis Vieill.). In two of them the lower breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts are unbarred white, in three others (3 Camacusa, 3 9 Bartica
Grove) the latter show more or less distinct dusky cross-lines, while a female from
Quonja has all the under parts (except throat) regularly and even more broadly
banded with blackish than the type of M. pelzelni. The six other examples have
the outer toe decidedly longer than the inner one (“ pelzelni”’); the amount of
dusky barring on the belly’ presents the same variation as described above. It
must be admitted that the type of Jf pelzelni (3 ad., Sarayacu, Ucayali, Eastern
Peru ; E. Bartlett coll., August 2, 1865: Brit, Mus.) has the throat slightly greyer,
but other Peruvian skins, particularly an adult male from Iquitos, do not differ in
this respect from the Guianan series, some of which are, besides, decidedly inter-
mediate in the proportion of the lateral toes,

(386. Dinospizias pectoralis (Bonap.).
Astur pectoralis Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) ii. p. 490 (1850,—“ Brésil”) ; Pelzeln, lc. p, 6 ©
_ (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

This remarkable species seems to me generically distinct from any of the
American Accipiters. Natterer, besides one at Borba, obtained two examples
in the vicinity of Ypanema, 8S. Paulo. Euler forwarded a single adult male from
Cantagallo, prov. Rio de Janeiro, to the Berlin Museum,{ and Count Berlepsch
possesses a Bahia skin. Although very rare in collections, it appears to be rather
widely distributed in Brazil.]

_ 387. Accipiter superciliosus (Linn.).
Falco superciliosus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1, p. 128 (1766.—Surinam : juv.),
Accipiter tinus auct.
No. 943. $ imm., Marnuins, 22. vi. 1908. “Iris and feet yellow, bill black.”—
Wing 135; tail 98 mm.

* Proc, Acad. Nut. Sci. Philad, 1875. p. 494 (Sarayagu, Upper Ucayali, E. Peru).
+ Proc. Acad, N..*, Sci, Philad. 1875. pp. 470-502, t Cabanis, Journ. f. Ornith. 1874, p. 228.

(411 )

I agree with Mr. Ridgway * that there is no reason for rejecting Linnaens’
name, which is accompanied by a much better description than Latham’s generally
accepted term ¢inus.t

A, superciliosus has a wide range in tropical South America.

(388. Asturina nitida nitida (Lath.).

* Falco nitidus Latham, Ind. Orn. i, p. 41 (1790.—Cayenne).
Asturina nitida Pelzeln, l.c. p. 3 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).

Generally distributed over tropical South America from Southern Brazil north
to Guiana and Panama. |

389. Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris ((Gm.).

Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 282 (1788.—2x D'Aubonton, Pl. enl. 464: Cayenne).
A stur macrorhynchus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 6 (Borba).
Rupornis m. magnirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 406 (Humaytha).

No. 510. ¢? ad., Calama, 3, ix. 1907.—Wing 225; tail 154 mm.

No. 882. ? ad., Marmellos (left bank), 29. xii. 1907.—Wing 223; tail 157 mm.

No. 327. 2% juv., Calama, 2. viii. 1907.

“Tris and feet yellow, bill black, cere yellow.”

The adult female from Calama is typical of magnirostris, agreeing perfectly
with our large series from Cayenne and Venezuela (Caura). The chest is ashy,
slightly tinged with pale fulvescent, and the cross-bars of the lower breast and
belly are light rufescent brown. The Marmellos bird, on the other hand, is mach
more rufous underneath, the chest being bright cinnamon and the cross-bands of
the belly and thighs being more deeply rufescent. It is practically identical with
an adult bird from El Loreto, Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador, in the Munich Museum,
while other specimens from the same district closely resemble typical magnirostris.
Two adult males from the Rio Purts, and an adult female from the Upper Ucayali,
have similarly coloured under parts to those of the Marmellos example. Without
additional material it is impossible to say whether these rafous specimens are
merely intergrades between magnirostris and natterert (from the latter of which
they are not easily distinguishable) or represent a constant, peculiar race.

(390. Busarellus nigricollis (Lath.).

Falco nigricollis Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 35 (1790.—Cayana).
Busarellus nigricollis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 406 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns). }

(391. Urubitinga urubitinga (Gm.).

Falco urubitinga Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, i. p. 265 (1788.—ex Brisson: cx Marcgrave :

Brazil). :
Urubitinga brasiliensis Pelzeln, 1.c. p. 2 (Cachoeira do Madeira, Borba).

Cachoeira do Madeira, Borba (Natterer). :
Ranges all over tropical America from Paraguay to Costa Rica. |
126.

Eastern

* Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sure. Terr. for April 1876. ii, No. 2. p.
+ Ind. Ornith. i. 1790. p. 50 (Cayenne).

( 412 )

(392, Leucopternis schistacea (Sundev.).

Asturina schista:ea Sunlevall, Ofvers “etenskapsak. Forhandl, vii. No, 5, p. 132. note 3 (1850,--
“ Brasilia”). :

Urubitinga schistacea Pelzeln, I.c. p. 2 (Borba).

Leucopternis schistacea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 406 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns) ; right bank : Borba (Natterer).

This is an exclusively Amazonian species. Natterer, in addition to the one
from Borba, obtained a second specimen at Manios ; E. Bartlett secured several on
the banks of the Ucayali, Peru ; and the U.S. Museum of Washington possesses an
adult male sent by J. Hauxwell from Pebas, Peru,* ete. ]

(393. Leucopternis albicollis (Lath.).

Falco albicollis Latham, Ind. Orn. p. 36 (1790.—Cayana).
Leucopternis albicollis Pelzeln, lec. p. 3 (Bananeira, Borba).
Rio Madeira: Bananeira, Borba (Natterer).
This bird is only found in Amazonia, Guiana, and Trinidad. |

394. Leucopternis kuhli Bonap.

Leucopternis Kuhli Bonaparte, Consp. Av. i. p. 19 (1849.—no locality).
L, superciliaris Pelzeln, I.c. p. 3 (Borba.)

No. 909. % vix ad., Marnins, 5. vi. 1908. “ Iris deep yellow, feet yellow,
bill blackish, cere orange.’—Wing 218; tail 152; bill (from the anterior edge of
the cere) 25 mm. :

This bird is not quite adult, some of the upper tail- and upper wing-coverts
being narrowly fringed with rufescent.

L. kuhli is as yet only known from the vicinity of Parad, and from the right
bank of the Rio Madeira (Borba, Maruins). Cf, Nov. Zool. xiii. 1906. pp. 382-3.

(395. Thrasaétus harpyia (Linn.),

Vultur Harpyia Linnaeus, Syst, Nat, xii. 1. p. 121 (1766.—ex Hernandez & Maregrave: Mexico).
Morphnus Harpyia Pelzeln, l.c. p. 4 (Borba).

Left bank : opposite Borba (Natterer).]

[396. Spizaétus tyrannus (Wied),

Falco tyrannus Wied, Reise Brasil, i. p. 360 (1820.—Quartel dos Arcos, Rio Belmonte, Bahia, East
Brazil).
Spizaétus Tyrannus Pelzeln, L.c. p. 4 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (N atterer). |

(397. Spizaétus ornatus (Daud.).

Falco ornatus Daudin, Traité d'Orn. ii. p- 77 (1800.—ex Levaillant : Cayenne).
Spizaétus ornatus Pelzeln, lc. p. 4 (Borba),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer).]

* Ridgway, Bull, U.S. Geol. and Geo . Surv. Terr, for A pril 1876, ii. No. 2. p. 172.

( 413 )
[398. Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linn.).

Faleo cachinnans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 90 (1758.—ex Rolander : “ America meridionalis.” hab.
subst. Surinam, auct. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool. xv. p. 290).
Herpetotheres cachinnans Pelzeln, l.c. p. 7 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer). ]

399, Elanoides forficatus (Linn.).
Falco forficatus Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. x. p. 89 (1758.—ex Catesby : Caroliaa),
Nos. 689, 690, 694. do ad., S. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12, 14. x. 1907.—* Iris
brown, feet dark grey, bill black.”

This is a common winter visitor to Brazil. Natterer met with it near Para and
at various localities in S. Paulo.*

400. Leptodon uncinatus (Temm.).

Faleo uncinatus Temminck, ec, Pl. col. tab, 103, 104, 115 (1822.—“ depuis les environs de Rio-de-
Janeiro jusque vers le nord du Brésil et dans toute la Guiane”’).

No. 521. Juv, (not sexed), Calama, 7. ix. 1907.—Wing 285; tail 200 mm,
“Tris bluish white, feet yellow, bill black.”
Identical with specimens in corresponding plumage from Guiana, etc.

401. Gampsonyx swainsonii Vig.
Gampsonyx Swainsonii Vigors, Zoolog. Journ. ii. p. 69 (1825.—Bahia, Brazil).
No. 438. ? imm., Calama, 22. viii. 1907.—“ Iris red, feet yellow, bill black.”—
Wing 165 ; tail 102 mm.
Not different from Venezuelan (Caura) specimens, This little Falcon has a
wide range in Central and South America.

402. Harpagus bidentatus (Lath.).

Faico bidentatus Latham, Jnd. Orn. i. p. 38 (1790.—“ Cayana ”).
Harpagus bidentatus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 5 (Salto Girao, Borba).

No. 270. ¢o juv., Calama, 25. vii. 1907—“TIris yellowish red, feet yellow,
bill black.”

This bird is in transition from the white-bellied juvenile plumage into the
rufous-bellied of the adult. The thighs are buffy white.

403. Ictinia plumbea (Gm.).

Falco plumbeus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, i. p. 283 (ex Latham: Cayenne).
TIetinia plumbea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 406 (Humaytha).

No. 358. ¢ ad., Calama, 9, viii. 1907.—Wing 280; tail 130 mm. “ Iris red,
feet yellow, bill black.”

[404. Lophostrix cristata (Dand.).

Strix cristata Daudin, Traité d’ Orn. ii. p. 207 (1800.—“ Guiane ” se. Cayenne).
Bubo cristatus Pelzeln, /.c. p. 9 (Borba). ;

Right bank : Borba (Natterer).
Ranges from Guiana to Lower Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador. |

* Pelzeln, Orn, Bras, i. 1867, p. 6: Nauclerus furcatus.

( 414 )

(405. Otus* watsonii (Cass.).

Ephialtes Watsonii Cassin, Proc, Acad. Philad. iv. p. 123 (Dec. 1848.—“ South America ”) ; Journ.
Acad, Philad. ii. pt. ii, Jan. 1852, p. 95. tab, xii, fig. 1.

Pisorhina Watsonii Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 407 (Humaytha).

Ephialtes atricapillus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 9 (part, : Engenho do Gama, Matogrosso, Rio Guapore ; Borba,

Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Haumaytha (Hoffmanns),

Dr. Lorenz has kindly sent me four of Natterer’s specimens (d ad., Rio Negro,
January 13, 1831; ¢¢ ad., Borba, July 1830; dad, Borba, March 1830). Two
agree perfectly with Hoffmanns’ skin from Humaytha and others from Eastern
Ecuador, while a male from Borba is rather paler underneath. The fourth example
(3, Borba) is in the rufous phase. O. watsonii is perfectly distinct from 0. c.
crucigerus, as pointed out by me /.c.

S.atricapilla Temm.,f based upon a Nattererian skin from Rio, is evidently the
same as Scops sanctae-catarinae Saly.,t over which name it has priority by many
years. |

[406. Otus choliba crucigera (Spix).
[Strie choliba Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. vii. p. 39 (1817.—ex Azara No, 48: Paraguay).]

Strie crucigera Spix, Av, Bras. i. p. 22. pl. ix, (1824.—“ juxta flumen Amazonum”’).
Ephialtes Choliba Pelzeln, /.c. p. 9 (Borba).

Borba (Natterer).
The single specimen in the Vienna Museum seems best to agree with the
Amazonian race. Cf. Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. xxii. 3. p. 575. |

(407. Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (Gm.).
Striz brasiliana Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 289 (1788.—ex Brisson: ex Marcegrave—Eastern
Brazil).
Athene ferruginea Pelzeln, J.c. p. 9 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). |

[408. Asio stygius (Wagler).

Nyctalops stygius Wagler, Isis 1832. p. 1221 (1832.—“ in Brasilia sive in Africa meridionali ”—
Mus, Eichstitt. The type, now in the Munich Museum, is marked “ Brazil from the province
Minas Geraés”). ;

Otus stygius Pelzeln, I.c. p. 10 (Borba).

Right bank: Borba (Natterer). ag

This singular species ranges throughout Brazil from the Rio Negro soutivensiia
to Rio Grande do Sul. Having never seen Cuban specimens, I cannot say whether
they are really identical with the Brazilian ones. |

[409. Syrnium superciliare Pelz.
Syrnium superciliare Pelzeln, Verhandl. Zool. Bot, Gesellsch. Wien xiii, p. 1125 (1863.—City of
Mattogrosso, Rio Guaporé) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 407 (Borba),
Right bank: city of Mattogrosso (Natterer), Borba (Hoffmanns).
Also recorded from Para (Wallace). |

* Otus takes the place of Pisorhina and Scops. Cf, Allen, Bull. Amer, Mus, N. York xxiii. 1907,

p. 334,
+ Strix atricapilla Temminck, Pl. col, livr. 25, pl. 145 (1822.—* Brésil— Musée de Vienne ”).

t Salvin, Bull. B. O. C. vi. p. xxxvii. (1897,—Southern Brazil).

( 415 )

410. Pulsatrix perspicillata (Lath.).

Strix perspicillata Latham, Ind. Orn. i. p. 58 (1790.—ex “Spectacle Owl” Latham, Gen. Syr. Birds
Suppl. p. 50. tab. evii. = juv. : Cayenne).
Pulsatrix perspicillata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 406 (Humaytha).
Athene torquata Pelzeln, l.c. p. 8 (Borba).
No. 1026. % ad., Marnins, 19. vii. 1908. “Iris yellow, feet grey, bill greenish
yellow.”—Wing 320; tail 200 mm.

[411. Ciccaba huhula huhula (Dand.).
Strir huhula Daudin, Traité d’Orn. ii. p. 190 (1800,—ex Levaillant, Ois. @Afr. i. pl. 41:
Cayenne).
Athene huhula Pelzeln, l.c. p. 8 (Borba).
Right bank : Borba (Natterer). |
This specimen agrees well with others from Cayenne and Rio de Janeiro in the
collection of the Munich Museum. |

[412. Columba speciosa Gm.
Columba speciosa Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 783 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 213 ; Cayenne).
Lepidoenas speciosa Pelzeln, l.c. p. 274 (Ribeirao).
Rio Madeira: Ribeirio (Natterer).
Ranges as far as Mattogrosso in the south, and to Para in the east. |

413. Columba rufina sylvestris Vieill.

[Columba rufina Temminck & Knip, Pigeons i, fam. sec., p. 59. pl. 24 (1808-11.—“la Guyane
francaise ”). |
C. sylvestris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxvi. p. 366 (1818.—ex. Azara, No. 319: Paraguay) ; see Chubb,

Ibis 1910. p. 59 (crit. & hab.).

No. 500. ¢ ad., Calama, 1. ix. 1907. “Iris yellow, feet red, bill black.”—
Wing 185 ; tail 105; bill 18 mm.

This bird agrees with South Brazilian skins in having the basal portion of the
rectrices dull blackish, in decided contrast to the pale cinereous apical band, and
the under tail-coverts light slate-grey. Mr. Chubb (/.c.) having ascertained that
Paraguayan examples are the same as those from Brazil, there is no longer any
doubt about the proper application of the name sylvestris. The dark-tailed form
appears to range, in the north, as far as Para and Mexiana Island, though I have not
examined specimens from these places.

414. Columba plumbea pallescens Snethl.

[Columba plumbea Vieillot, Nouv. Dict, xxvi, p, 358 (1818.—“ rapporté du Brésil par M. Delalande

fils”’-—sc. Rio de Janeiro). ]
Columba plumbea pallescens Saethlage, Journ. f. Ornith. vi. p. 22 (1908.—Bom Lugar, Rio Partis—

type examined). é
Chloroenas plumbea Pelzeln, /.c. p. 275 (part.: “var, subtus colore vinaceo induta”—Engenho do

Gama, Borba).

No. 529. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 9. ix. 1907.—Wing 164 ; tail 130; bill 15 mm.
No. 528. @ ad., Jamarysinho, 9. ix. 1907—Wing 160 ; tail-136; bill 14 mm.
No. 781. ¢ ad., Allianca, 12. xi. 1907.—Wing 167; tail 140; bill 14 mm.

* Tris brown, feet dark red, bill black.”

( 416 )

These birds are undonbtedly distinct from C. p. plumbea Vieill., of Eastern
Brazil (Bahia to Santa Catharina) and C. p. daeri Hellm., from the state of Goyaz.
From the former they differ in their mach smaller size, slenderer as well as shorter
bill, and by having the head, neck, and lower parts bright lilac, while C. p. daeri
may be recognized by its pearl-grey under sarface, etc. The female from
Jamarysinho is rather more vinaceous on both head and lower parts than the
males, agreeing in that respect with a male obtained by Natterer at Kngenho
do Gama, on the Rio Gaaporé. A second male and a female from the last-named
locality are again somewhat different, being much paler in coloration, especially
the female, which appears to agree with the description of C. p. pallescens.
Some years ago I examined the type of Miss Snethlage’s race and found it
nearly identical with a bird from Para.

C. p. pallescens from Amazonia is, however, exceedingly close to C. p. bogotensis
Berl. & Lev.,* though Colombian specimens seem to be rather larger and to have a
greyish tinge on the crown. Without large series from different localities it will
be impossible to arrive at definite conclusions respecting the various races of the
plumbea group.

(415. Columbula picui picui (Temm.).
Columba picui Temminck, Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gall. i, pp. 435, 498 (1813.—ex Azara, No, 324:

Paraguay).

Columbula picui Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 408 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns),

The female obtained by Mr. Hoffmanns agrees with others from Bahia and
Argentine. In North-Eastern Brazil: Piauhy and Ceara, the typical race is replaced
by C. picui strepitans (Spix). Cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch.
xxii. 3. 1906. p. 696, and Chubb, /é7s 1910, pp. 61-2.]

416. Columbina t talpacoti (Temm. & Knip).

Columba talpacoti Temminck & Knip, Hist. Nat, Pigeons i. fam. trois., p. 22. pl. xii. [s.n. “C.

minuta ’’| (1808-11.—“ Amérique méridionale ”),

Nos. 294, 729, 732. d fere ad., dd jav., Calama, 26, 29. x. 1907.—Wing
89—90; tail 66—69 ; bill 11—12 mm.

Nos. 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059. ¢ vix ad., dd imm., ?, Maruins, 24, 25, vii.
1908.—Wing 87—91 ; tail 64—69 ; bill 12 mm.

“Tris yellow or pale brown (294), feet, flesh-colour or grey ish red, bill black.”

New to the fauna of the Rio Madeira, but Natterer{t had secured it at Sao
Vicente, Rio Guaporé, in the vicinity of Para, etc., etc.

417. Leptotila rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard).

“Columba (Rufazilla)” Richard et Bernard, Act, Soc. d’ Hist. Nat, Paris 1, i. p. 118, No. 74 (1792
--Cayenne),
Leptoptila rufaxilla Pelzeln, Le. p. 279 (Borba).
No. 299. fd ad., Calama, 30. viii. 1907. “Iris yellowish grey, feet red, bill
black.”—Wing 140 ; tail 105 ; bill 16 mm.
Agrees well with Guianan specimens.
* Ornis vi. p. 32 (1890.—Bogota).

+ Cf. Allen, Avk xxv. 1908, pp. 301-6,
t Ora, Bras, iii. p. 277.

( 417 )

418. Geotrygon montana (Linn.).

Columba montana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 163 (1758.—ex Edwards & Sloane : Jamaica),
Oreopeleia montana Pelzeln, l.c. p. 279 (Borba).

Geotrygon montana Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 407 (Humaytha).

Nos. 268, 286, 357, 394, 437, do juv., $2 juv., Calama, 25, 29. vii., 8, 15,
20. viii. 1907.

No. 777, & juv., Allianca, 11. xi. 1907.

“Tris greyish or yellowish brown, feet light red, bill reddish grey.”

419. Odontophorus gujanensis gujanensis (Gm.).

Tetrao gujanensis Gmelin, Syst, Nat. 1. ii. p. 767 (1789.—ex Buffon: Cayenne).
Odontophorus guianensis Pelzeln, l.c. p. 289 (S. Vicente, Rio Guaporé ; Forte do Principe da Beira,

Borba, Rio Madeira),

No. 684. ? ad., 8. Isabel, Rio Preto, 12. x. 1907.—Wing 135; tail 64; bill
17mm. “Iris brown, feet blackish brown, bill black.”

This bird agrees well with Cayenne skins, but the dusky vermiculations of the
under parts are slightly less distinct, and there is very little dusky spotting on the
lower back and rump. .The bill, too, is somewhat deeper and stouter. Whether
separable from gujanensis or not, it is quite distinct from O. g. marmoratus Gould,
of Bogoté, etc. The latter has been recorded by Miss Snethlage* from the
R. Tapajéz, but this can hardly be correct, for specimens from the Para district
belong with O. g. gujanensis. Cf. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 304.

420. Odontophorus stellatus Gould.

Ortyx (Odontophorus) stellatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. x. 1842. p. 183 (Feb, 1843.—Brazil).
Odontophorus stellatus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 290 (Bananeira, Borba).

No. 735. o ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907.—Wing 146; tail 75; bill 22 mm.

No. 509. ¢ imm., Calama, 3. ix. 1907.—Wing 149 ; bill 22 mm.

Nos. 734, 574. ¢? ad., Calama, 30. x. 1907; Jamarysinho, 19. ix. 1907.-—
Wing 132, 136 ; tail 66, 67 ; bill 18, 20 mm.

“Tris pale brown, feet light green, bill black or dark grey.”

O. stellatus is an Upper Amazonian type, ranging from the Napo and Eastern
Peru to the Madeira Valley, but does not appear to occur farther east.

[421. Crax globulosa Spix.

Crax globulosa Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 50. pls. Ixv. (mas.), Ixvi. (fem.) (1825.—“in sylvis fl. Soli-
moéns”); Pelzeln, J.c. p. 288 (Rio Guaporé ; Bananeira, Piori, Salto Theotonio, Borba, Rio
Madeira).

Rio Madeira: Bananeira, Piori, Salto Theotonio, Borba (Natterer). Cf. my
remarks in Adhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. xxii. 3. pp. 683-4. ]

422, Mitu mitu (Linn.).
Craxz mitu Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. xii, 1, p. 270 (1766.—ex Maregrave, p. 194: “ Mitu”—N.E. Brazil ;
cf. Abhandl. Bayer, Akad, Wissensch. xxii. 3. p. 688).
Ourax mitu Pelzeln, J.c. p. 288 (Salto Theotonio, Borba).
No. 586. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 22. ix. 1907. “Iris dark red, feet yellowish red,
bill clear red.”
Agreeing with Spix’s type in the Munich Museum.
* Journ. f. Ornith, 1908. p. 516.
’ He |

( 418 )

[423. Penelope superciliaris superciliaris Temm
Cf. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 408 (Borba).
P. superciliaris var. Pelzeln, l.c. p. 283 (Borba).

Right bank : Borba (Natterer, Hoffmanns).

Two birds in the Vienna Museum and a third at Tring have the ashy
superciliary stripe barely indicated, while in a series from Bahia, Rio de Janeiro,
S. Panlo, and Mattogrosso (Chapada) it is well developed. However, cf. my
remarks dc. p. 408. ]

[424. Penelope pileata Wagl.
Penelope pileata Wagler, [sis 1830. p. 1109 (1830.—“ in Brasiliae provincia Pari”); Pelzeln, Lc.

p. 282 (Rio Madeira).

Rio Madeira (Natterer).

This specimen [ have examined in the Vienna Museum. |

425. Penelope jacquacu Spix.
Penelope jacgiagu Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 52. pl. Ixviii. (1825,—“in sylvis fluminis Solimoéns”’) ;
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 408 (Humaytha),
P, Boliviana Pelzeln, Lc. p. 282 (Salto do Girao).

Nos. 548, 572, 573. 9o¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 13, 19. ix. 1907. “Tris brown,
feet dark red, bill black, naked space on throat bright red.”—Wing 280—300 ;

tail 315—330 mm.
The specimens agree with Spix’s type in the Munich Museum. This also is

an Upper Amazonian species, the easterly limit of its range being apparently the
Madeira Valley.
426. Ortalis guttata (Spix).

Penelope quilata Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 55. pl. lexiii. (1825,—“ ad flamen Solimoéns ”).
Ortalida albiventris (nec Wagler) Pelzeln, Lc. p. 236 (Engenho do Gama, 8. Vicente, Matogrosso,

Forte do Principe, Rio Guaporé ; Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira),
No. 479. ¢ ad. (moulting), Calama, 29. viii. 1907.—Wing 184; tail 207;
bill 27 mm.
No. 568. ¢d ad., Jamarysinho, 18. ix. 1907.—Wing 185; tail 214; bill 25 mm.
“Tris brown, feet reddish grey, bill black.”
In addition, 1 have examined Natterer’s series in the Vienna Masenm. The
Matleira skius agree in every respect with Spix’s type. Cf. Abhandl. Bayer.

Akad. Wissensch, xxii. 3. 1906. pp. 691-2.
Like the foregoing species, O. guttata is an Upper Amazonian form, ranging

eastwards as far as the Madeira Valley.

427. Tinamus tao Temm.

Tinamus tao Temminck, Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gallin. iii, p. 569 (1815.—“ dans Ia province de Para
en Brésil”); Pelzeln, /.c. iii, p. 290 (Cidade de Matogrosso, Rio Guaporé ; Borba, Rio
Madeira ).*

No. 547. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1907—Wing 280; tail 120; bill 38 mm.
No. 546. ¢ ad., Jamarysinho, 13. ix. 1907,—Wing 275; tail 140; bill 38 mm.
“Tris brown, feet plumbeons, bill grey.”
* “Miranha,” cited by Salvadori (Cat. Birds xxvii. p. 498), is not a locality, but the name of one of
the Indians employed by Natterer!

( 419 )

These specimens, as well as several others examined in the Vienna Museum,
correspond exactly to Temminck’s original description. The upper parts are bluish
slate-grey, waved with black cross-lines and bars, broader ou the rump and upper
tail-coverts ; on each side of the occiput and hindneck a distinct Jongitndinal stripe,
banded black and white; throat and cheeks white, dotted and freckled with black ;
foreneck slate-grey, breast and abdomen paler, more ashy, waved and banded with
blackish ; under tail-coverts deep ochraceous cinnamon, mottled with black.
Whether the examples from Venezuela (San Esteban) and Bogotad described by
Salvadori (dc.) as having the “upper parts greyish olive,” and the under tail-
coverts “grey, rufescent along the middle,” belong to the same species appears

to be open to doubt.

428, Tinamus serratus serratus (Spix).

Pezus serratus Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 61. pl. Ixxvi. (1825.—“ in sylvis campestribus fl. Nigri”) ;
Hellmayr, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wissensch. xxii. 3, 1906. pp. 699, 719 (crit.).

Tinamus serratus serratus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 408 (Humaytha).
T. brasiliensis (nec Latham) Pelzeln, l.c. iii. p. 291 (Matogrosso, Rio Guaporé ; Bananeira, Borba,

Rio Madeira).

Nos. 307, 366. d ad. d imm., Calama, 31. vii,
tail 90, 92; bill 29, 34 mm.
Nos. 507, 508. %% ad., Calama, 3. ix. 1907.—Wing
bill 354, 33 mm.

“Tris brown, feet plumbeons, bill blackish grey.”

These birds are typical of serratus, agreeing with others from the Rio Negro
and Mattogrosso: forehead, pileum, and ear-coverts clear cinnamon-rafous ; no
trace of an occipital crest; middle of the abdomen plain white, without dusky

cross-lines, ete.

T. s. serratus ranges from the uppe
Valley, Eastern Venezuela, to the Ma
perhaps to Central Peru (Hudnuco), th
slightly different. (Cf. Hellmayr, Zc. p. 719.)

11. viii. 1907.—Wing 220, 223;

236, 227; tail 98, 100 ;

r Rio Negro (Marabitanas) and the Caura
deira and Guaporé Rivers. It extends
ough specimens from this country are

[429. Tinamus guttatus Pelz.

1. Bot, Gesellsch. Wien xiii. pp. 1126, 1128 (1863.—Borhba,
ol. xiv. p. 409 (Humaytha).

(Hoffmanns). |

Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln, Verhandl. Z00
Rio Madeira ; Rio Negro, Para) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zo

Right bank: Borba (Natterer) ; left bank: Humaytha

430. Crypturus cinereus (Gm.).

Tetrao cinereus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 768 (1789.—ex Buffon : Cayenne).

‘mamus cinereus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 292 (Borba).

Crypturus cinereus Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv.

No. 273. Adult, Calama, 28. x. 1907.— Wing 168 ; bill 27 mm.

No. 571. g imm., Jamarysinho, 10. ix. 1907.—Wing 164; bill 243 mm
“Tris brown, feet dark brown, bill dark grey.”

The immature male is more rufescent brown th

p. 409 (Humaytha).

an the adult one. See my

remarks J.c.
C. cinereus ranges from the Guianas to the Rio Madeira (both banks) and to

Eastern Peru.

( 420°)

431. Crypturus soui soui (Herm.).

Tinamus Soui Hermann, Tab. A fin. Anim. p. 165 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 829: Cayenne),
Crypturus soui Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 409 (Humaytha).
Tinamus pileatus Pelzeln, lc. p. 294 (Borba).

No. 454. 3 ad., Calama, 26. viii. 1907— Wing 128 ; bill 19 mm.

Nos. 601, 611, 688. 5d ad., S. Isabel, 1, 3, 12. x. 1907—Wing 120—125 ;
bill 19 mm.
_ No. 610. ¢ ad., 8, Isabel, 3. x. 1907—Wing 130; bill 20 mm. (parent bird
to two eggs).

No. 612. ¢ juv., 8. Isabel, 3. x. 1907.—Wing 120 mm.

“Tris pale brown, feet light green or greyish green, bill black or dark grey.”

The series substantially corroborates what I have said Zc. The under parts
are invariably deep ochraceous or tawny ochraceons, as in Gnianan and Caura
specimens, but the upper tail-coverts are either of the same dark rnfous brown
shade as the back or very slightly more reddish. The young bird is considerably
paler and duller, both above and below. Two eggs, taken with the parent bird
(No. 610), are of a reddish clay-colour and measure 38 x 29, 36 x 264 mm.

(432. Crypturus parvirostris Wagl.
Crypturus parvirostris Wagler, Syst. Av., Genus Crypturus, sp. 13 (1827.—Brasilia) ; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha),
Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

The Humaytha birds have shorter wings than those from East and Southern
Brazil, but do not differ in coloration.] —

|433. Crypturus adspersus adspersus (Temm.).

Tinamus adspersus Temminck, Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gall. iii. p. 585 (1815.—Para, ; coll. Hoffmanusegg

in Mus. Berlin, type examined) ; Hellmayr, Abhandl, Bayer. Akad. Wissensch, xxii. 3.
pp. 702-3 (crit.),

T. undulatus (nec Temminck) Pelzeln, dc. p. 292 (part. : Borba).
Crypturus a. adspersus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha),

Right bank : Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

The four examples from Borba obtained by Natterer are practically identical
with the type in the Berlin Museum, said to be from “ Pard ” (cf. my remarks /.c.
p. 703). The adult female secured by Mr. Hoffmanns at Humaytha has the black
cross-markings of the back rather broader, thereby forming the passage to C. a.

radiatus (Gray), which represents C. a. adspersus on the banks of the Rio Guaporé,
one of the headwaters of the Madeira (see Lc. pp. 704-5). ]

a
[454. Crypturus strigulosus (Temm.).
Tinamus -strigulosus Temminck, Jc. pp. 594, 752 (1815,
in Mus. Berlin) ; Pelzeln, Zc. p. 293 (Borba).
Crypturus strigulosus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiy. p. 411 (Humaytha),

Right bank: Borba (Natterer) ; left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

This species is hitherto only known from Parad and the Rio Madeira, ranging
southwards as far as Cidade de Mattogrosso, Rio Guaporé. |

—‘dans la province de Paré’”’—Siber coll.

( 421 )

[435. Crypturus bartletti Scl. & Salv.

Crypturus bartletti Sclater & Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1873, p. 311 (1873,—Santa Cruz, Ucayali
River, Eastern Peru); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 410 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).

Like so many other Upper Amazonian types, e.g. Anoplops salvini, A. melano-
sticta, etc., this species ranges from Eastern Pern to the left bank of the Rio
Madeira, but does not appear to occur on the right side of the stream. Miss
Snethlage* has lately recorded it from the Upper Purts.]

436. Crypturus variegatus (Gm.).

Tetrao variegatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 768 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 828 : Cayenne).
Tinamus variegatus Pelzeln, J.c. p. 293 (Borba).

No. 254. ¢ ad., Calama, 23. vii. 1907—Wing 155; bill 30 mm.

Nos. 129, 723. ? ad., ? imm., Calama, 29. vi., 23. x 1907.—Wing 155, 158;
bill 29, 31 mm.

No. 977. g imm., Marnins, 7. vii. 1908.—Wing 150 ; bill 30 mm.

No. 127. ¢ juv., Calama, 29. vi. 1907.—Wing 138 ; bill 23 mm.

“Tris brown, feet greyish green, bill black, below greyish.”

The adult birds agree with others from Venezuela (Caura) and Rio Negro
(Natterer coll.). C. variegatus inhabits the Guianas, the Caura district in Eastern
Venezuela, as well as Northern Brazil from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas)
to Pard& and south to the Rio Madeira, where it is as yet only known from the
right bank. In Hastern Ecuador it is apparently replaced by a closely allied
form, C. salvini Salvad.,f which may be only subspecifically distinct, but so far I
have not met with this race.

[437. Rhynchotus rufescens catingae Reiser.
Cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool, xiv. p. 411 (Humaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
No additional material has come to hand. ]

438. Aramides cajanea (P. L. 8. Mill.).

Fulica cajanea P. L. 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 119 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 352 :

Cayenne).
Aramides cajanea Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytha). ce
A. ruficollis (nec Gmelin) Pelzeln, l.c. p. 316 (Borba ; Rio Curicuriari),

No. 759. 2 ad. Allianca, 8. xi. 1907. “Iris and feet clear red, bill pale
green.”— Wing 183 ; tail 60 ; bill 50 mm.

The skin agrees perfectly with several others from Cayenne, etc. The two
birds named A, rujicollis by Pelzeln are more deeply coloured on the lower parts,
but similar specimens occur also in Cayenne, Surinam, etc., along with pale-bellied

ones.

* Journ. f. Orn. 1908. p. 23.

+ Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 587 (1895.—Sarayagu, Eastern Ecuador).

( 422 )

*

[439. Creciscus viridis viridis (P. L. S. Miill.).

Railus viridis P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 120 (1776.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 368:
Cayenne).
Creciscus v. viridis Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytha),
Left bank: Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Natterer obtained it at the sugar-mill
of Captain Gama, on the Rio Guaporé, as well as near Para.*]

440. Heliornis fulica (Bodd.).
Colymbus fulica Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 54 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 893: Cayenne).

No. — . dad. 8. Isabel, Rio Preto (no date). “Iris brown, feet black and
white, bill black, lower mandible grey.” —Wing 140; tail 95; bill 30 mm.

441. Kurypyga helias (Pall.).
Ardea Helias Pallas, Neue Nord. Beytr. ii. p. 48. pl. iii. (1781.—“ Brasilien ”).

No. 550. 2 ad., Jamarysinho, 14. ix, 1907.—Wing 211; tail 160; bill 50 mm.

No. 1036. 3 ad., Maruins, Rio Machados, 19. vii. 1908—Wing 218; tail 160;
bill 54 mm.

“Tris yellow or pale red, feet greyish brown, bill black, below yellow.”

Similar to Guianan and Venezuelan specimens.

[442. Psophia leucoptera Spix.

Psophia leucoptera Spix, Av. Bras. ii, p. 67. pl. Ixxxiv. (1825.—“in sylvis campestribus fl. Rio
Negro”—errore! We substitute left bank of Rio Madeira) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 299 (Cachoeira
das Pederneiras) ; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 412 (Humaytha),

Left bank of the Rio Madeira: Pederneiras (Natterer), Haumaytha (Hoffmanns).

Ranges to Bolivia and Peru. On the right side of the Madeira it is replaced by
the next species. ]

443. Psophia viridis Spix.
Psophia viridis Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 66, tab. Ixxxiii. (1825.—Villa Nova on the Amazons hee

Nos. 996, 997. $3 ad., Maruins, 11, 14. vii. 1908. “Iris brown, feet greenish
yellow, bill green or greyish green.” — Wing 273, 280; tail 125, 130; bill 37 mm.

Nos. 974, 999. oo imm,, Maruins, 6, 11. vii. 1908. “ Iris brown, feet
greenish yellow, bill green or greyish green.” —Wing 255, 280; tail 130; bill
34, 384 mm.

Nos. 988, 998. @ ad., 2 imm., Maruins, 9, 11. vii, 1908. “ Iris brown, feet
greenish yellow or greyish, bill greyish green.”—Wing 275, 265; tail 125, 110 ;
bill 36 mm.

These specimens agree with Spix’s type in the Munich Museum. The series
presents some variation in the colour of the mantle and inner secondaries. Some-
times these parts are chiefly dark brown with but little admixture of green, while

in other specimens the green is predominating. This variation appears to be purely
individual, for it does not depend on age or sex.

* Porzana cayanensis Pelzeln, Zur Orn. Bras. iii, p. 316.—Other
likely to occur on the Rio Madeira are;
Thyrorhina schomburghi (Cab.), etc., all of w
Guaporé,

species of the family Rallidae
Amaurolimnas concolor (Gosse), Neocrex erythrops (Scl.),
hich were obtained by Natterer on the banks of the Rio

( 423 )

P. obscura Pelz.,* from the Para district, is, as pointed out 3 pe lg we eee Fe
Sclater,t quite distinct from P. viridis, and may be distinguished by the following
characters. The bill is shorter, with the upper mandible deeper, stouter, and more
strongly curved, and is of a blackish brown colour with but a few small light spots
here and there. The feet are blackish (not pale greenish or yellowish green as in
P. viridis). While in P. viridis the whole foreneck is covered with brilliant violet-
blue feathers, there is just a faint purplish sheen to be seen in P. obscura.
In the latter species the mantle, too, is much darker, chocolate-brown with
scarcely any green, and the upper wing-coverts show but a few narrow
apical bands of dull blue or green, while there are broad, metallic green and
purplish blue tips in P. viridis. The Munich Museum is indebted to Miss Snethlage
for a fine specimen of P. obscura.

Until Mr. Hoffmanns procured his series the type discovered by Spix and the
two females obtained by Natterer were, as far as I am aware, the only specimens of
P. viridis existing in European Maseums. The species is with certainty only
known from the right bank of the Rio Madeira (Cachoeira de Gaajaraguacu and
Salto Theotonio—Natterer ; Maruins—Hoffmanns). Spix’s original locality Villa
Nova (north bank of the Amazons, near the junction of the Rio Xingt) is quite
unreliable, for the type-specimen had evidently been kept in confinement.
Wallace’s record ¢ of P. viridis being found in the forests of Para refers, of course,
to P. obscura.

The series from Maruins has been divided between the Munich Museum and
Count Berlepsch’s collection. :

444, Harpiprion cayennensis (Gm.).
Tantalus cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. ii. p. 652 (1789.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 820:
Cayenne).
No. 110. o ad., Calama, 26. vi. 1907.—Wing 305 ; tail 155; bill 130 mm.
No. 557. ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907.—Wing 295 ; tail 160 ; bill110 mm.
Nos. 933, 1039. ¢ ad., d imm., Maruins, 19. vi., 19. vii. 1908.—Wing 285,
276; tail 150; bill 118, 115 mm.
“ Tris brown, feet light green, bill dark green or greenish dusky.”

445. Ardea cocoi Linn.
Aedes Cocoi Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 237 (1766,—ex Brisson, etc. : “ Cayana”).

No. 1033. ¢ imm., Maruins, 17. vii. 1908.—“ Iris yellow, feet black, bill dark

grey, lower mandible yellow.”
Widely distributed in South America.

446. Agamia agami (Gm.).
Ardea Agami Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1. i. p. 629 (1789,—ex Buffon & D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 859;
Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 301 (Matogrosso, etc.).
No. 1035. ? juv., Maruins, 19. vii. 1908.—* Iris yellow, feet grey, bill black,
below greyish brown.”

* Sitzungsber. math.-naturwiss Cl. Ahad. Wissensch. Wien xxiv. 1857. p. 373,

¢ Ibis 1898. pp. 520-4. tab. xi.
t Travels on the Amazons and Rio Negro 1853. p. 473.

( 424 )

[447. Cancroma cochlearia Linn.

Cancroma Cochlearia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii, 1. p. 233 (1766.—ex Brisson ; Cayenne) ; Pelzeln, /.c.
p. 303 (Borba, etc.).

Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in South America. ]

448, Pilherodius pileatus (Bodd.).

Ardea pileata Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 54 (1783,—ex D’Aubenton, PI. enl. 907 : Cayenne).
Nycticorax pileatus Pelzeln, l.c. p. 302 (Matogrosso, Caicara, etc.). °

No. 1005. ¢ ad., Maruins, 12. vii. 1908. “Iris clear yellow, feet and bill pale

plambeons.”
Ranges from South Brazil to Guiana and Upper Amazonia.

[449. Butorides striata (Linn.).

Ardea striata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 144 (1758.—Sarinam : Rolander).
Ardea scapularis Pelzeln, J.c. p. 301 (Matogrosso, Rio Negro, etc.).
Butorides striata Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 411 (Humaytha).

Humaytha (Hoffmanns). Widely distributed in South America. ]

450. Tigrisoma lineatum (Bodd.).
Ardea lineata Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 52 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 860: Cayenne).
Tigrisoma lineatum Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. xiv, p. 411 (Humaytha).
No. 596. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 17. ix. 1907. “Tris golden brown, feet green,
bill black, below brown.”
An adult bird, in every respect similar to another from Venezuela.

(451. Zebrilus pumilus (Bodd.).

Ardea pumila Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. enl. p. 54 (1783.—ex D’Aubenton, Pl. enl. 898: “Le Crabier,
des Philippines” (= rufous phase)—errore! Cayenne substituted as type locality).
Zebrilus pumilus Hellmayr, Nov, Zool. xiv, p. 412 (Hamaytha).

Left bank : Humaytha (Hoffmanns).
Natterer procured a specimen at the sugar-mill of Captain Gama, on the Rio
Guaporé.* |
[452. Jabiri: mycteria (Licht.).
Ciconia mycteria Lichtenstein, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus. p, 76 (1823.—based upon “ Mycteria
americana” (nec Linn.) Latham: “in Am. calid. palud.”—Cayenne substituted as type

locality, aut. Berlepsch).
Mycteria americana (nec Linnaeus) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 305 (Borba).

Right bank; Borba (Natterer). Widely distributed in South America. |

453. Hoploxypterus cayanus (Lath.).

Charadrius cayanus Latham, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 749 (1790.—ex Buffon & D’Aubenton, Pl. enl 833:
Cayenne).

Nos. 168, 417. ? 9? ad., Calama, 5. vu. 18. viii. 1907.“ Iris dark brown, feet
red, bill black.”—Wing 140, 148; tail 64, 59; bill 25, 234 mm.
Not different from Guianan and Venezuelan specimens.

*Tigrisoma undulatum Pelzeln, Zur Orn, Bras. iii. 1869, p. 302,

( 425 )

454. Charadrius dominicus dominicus P. L. 8. Miill.

Charadrius dominicus P. L. 8. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 116 (1776.—ex Brisson : 8. Domingue).
C. pluvialis (nec Linn.) Pelzeln, /.c. p. 297 (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé).

No. 629, ¢ (in winter dress), 8. Isabel, 6. x. 1907. “Iris dark brown, feet

grey, bill black.”
455. Aegialitis collaris (Vieill.).

Charadrius collaris Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p, 136 (1818.—ex Azara, No. 392: Paraguay).

Nos. 409, 426, 452. dd ad., Calama, 17, 18, 25. viii. 1907.—Wing 95—96 ;
tail 45—48 ; bill 13—15 mm.

Nos. 408, 425. 9% ad., Calama, 17, 18. viii. 1907.—Wing 95, 97 ; tail 47,46 ;
bill 15 mm.

“Tris dark brown, feet yellow or yellowish grey, bill black.”

Like specimens from Bogota, South Brazil, etc.

456. Helodromas solitarius (Wils.).

Tringa solitaria Wilson, Amer. Ornith. vii. p. 53. pl. 58. fig. 3 (1813.—Hudson’s Bay,
N. America).
Totanus solitarius Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. iii, p. 309 (Eng. do Gama, Rio Guaporé).

No. 591. ? ad., Jamarysinho, 25, ix. 1907.—“ Iris blackish, feet grey-brown,

bill black.”
No. 626, $% ad. (assuming breeding plumage), 8S. Isabel, 5. x. 1907.— Iris

brown, feet olive-green, bill black.”
A winter visitor to South America.

457. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.).
Tringa longicauda Bechstein, Kurze Ubers. Latham iv. p, 453. pl. 184 (1811.—“* Nordamerika ”).
Tringoides Bartramia Pelzeln, l.c. p. 310 (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé). ;
Nos. 770, 772. ¢¢ ad., Allianca, 9, xi. 1907.—-Wing 155; tail 78, 84; bill
27, 29 mm. “Iris dark brown, feet light yellowish green, bill black, below

yellow.”
This also is a winter migrant to Brazil.

[458. Tringites subruficollis (Vieill.).
Tringa subruficollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxxiv. p. 465 (1819.—ex Azara: Paraguay).
Tringoides rufescens Pelzeln, l.c. p. 310 (Borba).
Borba (Natterer). Also a winter visitor to Amazonia.]

[459. Tringa fuscicollis Vieill.
Tringa fuscicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxxiv. p. 461 (1819.—ex Azara : Paraguay).
Tringa Bonaparte: Pelzeln, lc. p. 311 (Caigara, Engenho do Gama, Rio Guaporé).

Rio Guaporé : Engenho do Gama (Natterer).|

460. Tringa maculata Vieill.*

Tringa maculata Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. xxxiv. p. 465 (1819.—* aux fles Antilles et dans les
parties méridionales des Etats-Unis”); Pelzeln, /.c. p. 311 (Engenho do Gama, Matogrosso :
Rio Guaporé),

* Besides those mentioned above, many other species of Zimicolae are likely to occur during

migration time on the banks of the Madeira. Natterer obtained quite a number, either on the Guaporé,
or farther north in the Rio Negro district. Their names may be found in Pelzeln’s Ornithologie

Brasiliens iii, pp. 296-8, 308-13,

( 426 )

No. 617. gad. (winter plumage), 8. Isabel, 3. x. 1907. “Iris dark brown,
feet greyish green, bill black.”—Wing 136; tail 60 ; bill 29 mm.

[461. Plotus anhinga Linn.

Plotus Anhinga Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 218(1766.—ex Marcgrave : Eastern Brazil) ; Pelzeln,
Le. p. 325 (Borba).

Borba (Natterer). |

[462. Palamedea cornuta Linn.

Palamedea cornuta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. xii. 1. p. 232 (1766.—ex Marcgrave & Brisson; Eastern
Brazil and Guiana) ; Pelzeln, /.c. p. 315 (Bananeira).

Cachoeira do Bananeira (Natterer). |

[463. Alopochen jubata (Spix).

Anser jubatus Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 84. pl. eviii. (1825.—“ ad ripam fl. Solimoéns ”).
Chenalopex jubatus Pelzeln, I.c. p. 319 (Barra do Rio Guaporé).

Rio Madeira: Barra do R. Guaporé (Natterer). |

Il]. SUMMARY.

In the foregoing account I have only dealt with the species that have actually
been taken in the Madeira district, yet their number could easily be increased by
adding those which were observed or collected by Natterer farther south, on the
banks of the Rio Guaporé, as well as on the Rio Negro in the north, and which are
very likely to occur also in the intervening country. The Rio Madeira faunistically
belongs to the great Amazonian subregion. According to its geographical situation
the avifanna shows a mixed character, being composed partly of Upper Amazonian
forms, partly of species peculiar to the Lower Amazons, though there are, at the
same time, a good many characteristic species not known to occur elsewhere. For
many Upper Amazonian forms the Madeira Valley appears to constitute the easterly
limit of their range. Quite a number of them reach the left bank of the river,
while they are not found at all or represented by allied forms on the right side.
Others are met with on both banks, but not recorded from any locality farther east.
A certain difference apparently exists between the bird-life of Borba and that we
find farther up in the Machados district. Many striking Lower Amazonian species
extend along the south shore of the Amazons to Borba and even to the Rio
Guaporé, occurring only on the right side, whose avifauna shows a decided
similarity to that of the Tapajéz. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the ornithology
of Western Mattogrosso is far from complete, resting exclusively upon Natterer’s
researches ; still from the scanty information as yet available it would appear that
the fauna of the Rio Guaporé is essentially Amazonian, while a very different lot
of birds was met with by the great Austrian naturalist at Villa Maria and other
places on the Upper Paraguay.

The subjoined tabular lists may serve to illustrate the above conclusions.

(A) Species peculiar to the Madeira Valley. Unless otherwise stated they are
restricted to the right bank of the stream.

OWN ADO wr ee

( 427 )

. Odontorhynchus cinereus.
. Euphonia laniirostris laniirostris (both banks).
. Tachyphonus cristatus madeirae (_ ,,
. Hemithraupis flavicollis centralis( ,,

‘
).

”

”
Cyanocorax chrysops diesingii.

. Platyrinchus senex nattereri.

. Lodirostrum senex.

. Pipra aureola flavicollis (left bank).
. P. aureola calamae.

. Tityra leucura.

. Attila spadiceus rufigularis.

. Xenops rutilus tenuirostris.

. Hylexetastes uniformis.

. Deconychura stictolaema.

. Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi.

(B) Species spores! to that tract

Tapajéz Rivers.

1. Leucolepis modulator griseolateralis.

Se Ot Hm SO dO

ii

.

NS oR ww NS

Hi.
12.

. Pachysylvia muscicapina griseifrons.
. Pipra nattereri,

. Dendrornis elegans.

. Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger.
. Dysithamnus s. schistaceus.

. Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor.

. Thamnophilus major borbae (both ies
. Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi.

. Sclateria schistacea humay ythae (both banks). —
. Hypocnemis myotherina sororia,

. Anoplops hoffmannsi,

. Phlegopsis borbae.

. Liosceles t. thoracicus.

. Nonnula sclateri (left bank).

. Pteroglossus bitorquatus sturmii.

. Pyrrhura rhodogaster,

. Brotogeris chrysosema.

. Amazona nattereri (left bank).

. Penelope pileata,

. Psophia viridis (right bank),

of country bounded by the Madeira and

. Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi.

. Myrmelastes luctuosus luctuosus.

. Phlegopsis nigromaculata bowmani,
. Conopophaga melanogastra.

. Thalurania balzani.

. Picumnus borbae.

(C) Species peculiar to Lower Amazonia (Para, Tocantins, Tapajéz, etc.) and
the Madeira district (as far as Cidade de Mattogrosso, Rio Guaporé).

Pachysylvia thoracica semicinerea.

Calospiza albertinae.

Snethlagea minor.

Chiromachaeris manacus purus.

Attila bolivianus nattereri.

Automolus infuscatus paraensis,

Hypocnemis myotherina ochrolaema (on the
Madeira up to Borba only).

Chloronerpes chrysochloros paraensis.

. Picumnus aurifrons aurifrons,

10.
11.

12.

Pteroglossus inscriptus.
Selenidera maculirostris gouldii
Madeira as far as Borba).
Pyrrhura picta amazonum (also on left

bank of Madeira).
. Gypopsitta vulturina (as far as Borba).
. Leucopternis kuhli.
. Syrnium superciliare.
. Crypturus strigulosus.

(on the

(D) Species representing each other on different sides of the Rio Madeira.

Lert BANK.

. Leucolepis modulator modulator,
. Thryothorus genibarbis juruanus.

. Pipra aureola flavicollis.

. Dendrornis guttata guttatoides (also near

Calama, right bank).

. Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei.
. Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus.
. Sclateria schistacea humaythae (also in the

Machados district, right bank).

. Hypocnemis myotherina melanolaema.

. Phlegopsis nigromaculata nigromaculata.
. Veniliornis ruficeps haematostygma (also in

the Machados district).
Bucco tamatia pulmentum.,
Psophia leucoptera.

(

Ricgur Bank.
. L, modulator griseolateralis,
. T. g. genibarbis.
. P. aureola fasciicauda (Machados, above
the Falls).
. P. aureola calamae (Calama, Allianca).
. D. guttata eytoni (Borba).

. D. rufigula subsp.
. T. aethiops punctuliger.
. 8. schistacea leucostigma (Borba).

H. myotherina sororia (Machados).
10. 5 = ochrolaema (Borba).
11. P. nigromaculata bowmani.

12. V. ruficeps ruficeps (Borba).

9:

13. B. tamatia tamatia,
14. P. viridis

( 428 )

(E) Upper Amazonian species ranging to the right bank of the Rio Madeira,
but not occurring farther east.

. Lanio versicolor.

. Automolus subulatus subulatus,

- Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii,
. T. doliatus subradiatus.

. Myrmotherula hauxcwelli hauawelli.
. Hypoenemis naevia theresae.

. H. poecilinota griseiventris,

. H. hemileuca.

8. Conopophaga aurita.

» 2. Thlypopsis sordida amazonum (?). 19. Chaetura cinereiventris sclateri.

3. Saltator coerulescens azarae. 20. Phoethornis philippii,

4. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis, 21. Prionornis p. pyrrholaemus.

5. Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum. 22. Monasa morphoeus peruana,

6. T. latirostre. . 23. Nonnula rubecula cineracea.

7. Chiroxiphia regina. 24. Capito aurantiicollis.

8. Synallaxis propinqua. 25. Ramphastos cuvieri cuvieri,

9. Ancistrops strigilatus. 26. R. culminatus.

7. Pteroglossus beauharnaesii.

28. Conurus weddellii,

9. Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius.
0. Leucopternis schistacea.

31. Otus watsonii.

2. Odontophorus stellatus.
3. Ortalis guttata.

17. Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum. 34, Penelope jacqtiacu.

(F) Upper Amazonian species ranging to the left bank of the Rio Madeira,
but not occurring on the right.

1, Calospiza nigrocineta,
2. Knipolegus sclateri.
3. Pipra coelesti-pileata.
4, Anoplops salvini.

5. A. melanosticta.

6. Phlegopsis erythroptera,

7. Bucco tamatia pulmentum.

8. Pteroglossus flavirostris mariae.
» 9. Crypturus bartletti.

(G) Species of the Rio Madeira represented by nearly allied races on the
Guaporé.

Rio MAperra, Rio Guapors.
1. Saltator coerulescens azarae. 1. S. coerulescens coerulescens.
2. Paroaria gularis gularis. 2. Paroaria gularis cervicalis.
3. Lampropsar tanagrinus tanagrinus, 3, L. tanagrinus violaceus.
4. Ramphocaenus melanurus amazonum. 4, R. melanurus sticturus.
5. Thalurania balzuni. 5. T. eriphile baeri.

In concluding, I have to thank the Hon. Walter Rothschild and Dr. E. Hartert
for entrusting me with the study of the interesting material and for publishing the
report thereon in this periodical. I am also under great obligations to my kind
friend Dr. von Lorenz, of Vienna, who lent me numerous specimens from Natterer’s
collection, and to Count Berlepsch for similar favours and valuable advice in difficult
questions,