feng te DCIS. mi pms un ITA HARVARD UNIVERSITY u LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology dl (is ji DEEL 113 1970 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING | Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 113, 1970 | Afleveringen 1—3 verschenen 29 mei 1970 4 > 10 augustus = 5—6 us 17 november _,, 79 21 december ,, LE] INHOUD VAN DEEL 113 Belle, J. — On the Neotropical Gomphidae of Longinos Naväs . Bleszynski, S. — New genera and species of tropical Crambinae (Studies of the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 48) . ——, — A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Ancylolomia Hübner (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 49) . ——, — A revision of the genus Cwlladia Moore (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 50) Cobben, R. H. — Morphology and taxonomy of Intertidal Dwarf-bugs (Hetero- ptera, Omaniidae fam. nov.) . 5 N EN EN a Diakonoff, A. — Notes on the Ceracini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) . Hollander, J. den. — Morphological variation in Pardosa prativaga L. Koch, 1870, P. prativaga var. fulvipes Collett, 1875, and P. pullata Clerck, 1757 (Araneae, Lycosidae) . Jeekel, C. A. W. — A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part II) Kiriakoff, S. G. — New or less known Indo-Australian Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) Lempke, B. J. — Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera (Zestiende Supplement) at ARM FEU a Ce ED: Schmid, F. — Sur quelques Apsilochorema orientaux (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae) Register . Errata 253 Di 44 61 91 273 289 105 125 261 503 306 N ud or] AN ALEA A verd MUD ili A) DI Foi ? # rici’ Wk Jai ye ‚ae tgs \ fase MIE naht fre (i met): roused de sonia hohe. enb bandana i ven wi ze n wy A Pi I N HE i ty Sion sr "Qi i SE stia) ostigoliiplmizia. onbemand, ob) au ; (anbieten HD atigenota Ty; x great sappia ae MUS. COMP. ZOOL. LIBRARY. en, AFLEVERING 1 JUN 171870 HARVARD UNIVERSITY TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD S. BLESZYNSKI |. — New genera and species of tropical Crambinae (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 48), p. 1—26, Fig. 1—48. S. BLESZYNSKI |. — A revision of the Oriental species of the genus Ancylolomia Hübner (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 49), p. 27—43. Fig. 1—33. S. BLESZYNSKI }. — A revision of the genus Culladia Moore (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pars 50), p. 44—59, Fig. 1—28. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 113, afl. 1 Gepubliceerd 29-V-1970 NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) È MRS MG Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter CREO) EN a MES VIGNES Secretaris (Secretary) (aa. ee mer Regen ye Eel lire Addresse: e WZeesperzude: 23 II, Amsterdam-O. Penningmeester ee) Se We AK Abo AA heo . +... + « Van Baerlestraat 261, Amsterdam Bibliothecaris (Dan) ee pele ARR AC SAT IN ijeekel Address. . . ©... +... +» Zeeburgerdik 21, Amsterdam-O. den (Members) A Aan se WAU. Eames Besemer AFDELING VOOR TOEGEPASTE ENTOMOLOGIE (DIVISION OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY) BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) mee aan RE ASE SEA Besemer Sectetanism(tsectetary) Me 2.0 yn cs |. ely Sevan dersGeest Address . . . » . . . + + . . Mauritskade 69 A, Amsterdam Leden (Members) en... SL Bravenboer, J. Ji Kaaıman, SB MSyan#Diather Publicaties van de Vereeniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or directly from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O., except for Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, which is available through booksellers or from the Noord-Holland Editing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editing Board). . . . . . . Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, C. A. W. Jeekel, M. A. Lieftinck, J. T. Wiebes Address . . 2220202020202 „Röksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350— 400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. MONOGRAFIEEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING Redactie (Editing Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors série: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al, 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs, 2 pl., map. D.FI. 60—. No. 1. A. J. Besseling, 1964. — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille, 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp. 333 figs, D.Fl. 30.—. NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TROPICAL CRAMBINAE (STUDIES ON THE CRAMBINAE, LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, PART 48) by STANISLAW BLESZYNSKI + ABSTRACT Eleven new genera and 19 new species of tropical Crambinae are described. Thirty-nine new combinations are made and fifteen new synonyms are indicated. One species is transferred from Schoenobiinae to Crambinae. Eleven species described in Crambinae are transferred to other sub- families of Pyralidae. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BM — British Museum (Natural History), London CSIRO — Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Entomology, Canberra PM — Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris ™ — Musée Royale de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren SB — Stanislaw Bleszynski slide — genitalia slide ZSBM — Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Munich Pareromene incisella spec. nov. Ditomoptera minutalis Hampson, 1893, Ill. Lep. Het. 9: 179 (in part) (type-locality: Ceylon, Nawala Pitia). Holotype & : “Nawala Pitia, Ceylon; Coll. Green 91—26”, slide 7484-BM (BM). Similar to Pareromene minutalis, but with termen of forewing deeply incised. d' genitalia (Fig. 1). Uncus with subapical patch of hairs; gnathos pointed; pars basalis, a long, slender arm with rounded apex; sacculus well demarcated from valva, with two pointed arms; cornuti absent. The problem of identity of P. minutalis is difficult to clarify. Both syntypes of this species have no abdomens. Hampson figured the © syntype, labelled: “Nawala Pitia, Ceylon; Coll. Green 91-26”, which is hereby selected as lectotype of minutalis. This 9 has the termen of the forewing slightly incised, similar to specimens from India, Khasis, which are generally considered to be minutalis. The 3 syntype has the termen of the forewing deeply incised and obviously is a distinct species; it is hereby selected as paratype of incisella. It is likely that the Khasis specimens are specifically distinct from the lectotype of mznutalis, but this problem can be solved only by the discovery of more material from Ceylon. 2 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Pareromene subnatalensis spec. nov. Type-locality: Natal. Holotype g': “Natal”, slide 7559-BM (BM). Externally very similar to Pareromene natalensis (Hampson) comb. nov. d' genitalia (Fig. 2), compared with those of natalensis. Uncus pointed, much thinner; gnathos without the subapical, pointed projection, typical of natalensis; pars basalis finger- shaped (absent in watalensis); one cornutus, whereas natalensis has an apical patch of numerous cornuti. © unknown. Euchromius mythus spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Diego Suarez. Holotype g': “Diego Suarez” (BM). Paratypes: 3 8, same locality as holotype, one, slide 5428-SB (BM, PM, SB). Externally similar to Ewchromius zephyrus Blesz., distributed in West Africa. d genitalia (Fig. 3), compared with those of zephyrus. Uncus and gnathos similar; valva very different, with longer and narrower pars basalis, situated horizontally; cucullus tapering to a point, but bilobed in zephyrus; aedeagus much longer; cornutus about four times as long as in that species. © unknown. Nechilo gen. nov. Type-species: Chilo oxyprora Turner. Ocellus and chaetosemata well developed. Labial palpus porrect, three and a half times as long as diameter of eye. Face strongly conical with corneous point; ventral ridge absent. Eye from below with strong, triangular lamella, not met with in any other species of Crambinae. Male antenna serrate. Wing-venation as in Chilo Zck.; r, in forewing free; cell in hindwing open (closed in Chilo). Forewing with apex rounded, ground-colour brown, subterminal line present, median line absent. 3 genitalia (Fig. 4), uncus and gnathos slender; pseudosaccus strongly reduced, vestigial; saccus large, long; pars basalis present; vinculum small; ductus ejaculatorius from near base of aedeagus. ® unknown. Nechilo oxyprora (Turner) comb. nov. Chilo oxyprora Turner, 1904, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 18: 167 (type-locality: Australia, Victoria, Murtoa). Holotype g': “Murtoa L. 952. 24.3.03” (CSIRO). I have examined one & paratype, Victoria, Murtoa, slide 5412-SB (CSIRO). This species was based on two d'. Neargyrioides gen. nov. Type-species: Chilo aglaopis Turner. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 3 Fig. 1-4. Male genitalia. 1, Pareromene incisella sp.n., holotype, Ceylon. 2, P. subnatalensis sp.n., holotype, Natal. 3, Exchromius mythus sp.n., paratype, Madagascar. 4, Nechilo oxyprora (Turner), paratype, Australia, Victoria 4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Ocellus large. Chaetosemata present. Face strongly produced forward, rounded. Labial palpus twice as long as diameter of eye, slightly upturned. Male antenna serrate. Fore- wing silvery white, without transverse lines, with costa and dorsum edged with yellow. Wing-venation as in Chzlo, except for cell in the hindwing, which is open; r, in forewing free. Frenulum in 2 triple. d' genitalia (Fig. 5). Uncus slender with short hairs; gnathos with rounded apex; cucullus narrow with apical part strongly curved; pars basalis a long, narrow hook clothed with bristles; pseudosaccus absent; saccus absent; vinculum with rounded apex; ductus ejaculatorius from near base of aedeagus. Q genitalia (Fig. 6). Papillae anales broad, coalescent; atrium bursae large, heavily sclerotized, well demarcated from ductus bursae; no signum. This genus is described for one species, Chilo aglaopis Turner, from Australia, Northern Territory. Externally, it resembles the species of Neargyria Hmps., in which r, in the forewing is stalked with ro, in the & genitalia pseudosaccus is well developed and pars basalis is absent. Another closely related genus is Azstralargyria gen. nov. described below, which is characterized by r, in the forewing stalked with r, and by a bilobed valva.-In spite of a great external similarity of all three genera, it is difficult to conclude whether they are closely related to each other. The external coloration may be due to a convergent development. They are superficially also very similar to the Neo- tropical Argyria Hbn. and Vaxi Blesz., and to the Ethiopian-Oriental Psexdocatharylla Blesz., which belong to different generic groups. Neargyrioides aglaopis (Turner) comb. nov. Chilo aglaopis Turner, 1911, Ann. Queensland Mus. 10: 112 (type-locality: Australia, Northern Territory). Holotype © : “P. Darwin Feb. 08 F. P. Dodd” (CSIRO). I have examined the < paratype, same locality as holotype, slide P-201 (CSIRO). This species was based on 1 g' and 1 2. Australargyria gen. nov. Type-species: Crambus fulvinotellus Hampson. Ocellus well developed. Chaetosemata very poor. Labial palpus slightly upturned, about three times as long as diameter of eye. Face distinctly conical but without point. Forewing silvery white, without transverse lines, only with some ochreous small spots on costa and on dorsum. In forewing r, stalked with rs, similar to Neargyria Hmps., r; stalked with r,, similar to Crambus F. In hindwing m3 present, cell open; frenulum in 2 triple. 3S genitalia (Fig. 7). Uncus broad with pointed apex; gnathos with terminal part similar to that in some species of Ewchromius Gn.; pars basalis absent; valva bilobed; pseudosaccus absent; saccus fused with vinculum; ductus ejaculatorius as in the preceding genus. 9 genitalia (Fig. 8). Papillae anales of Chilo-type; anterior apophyses short, eighth segment similar to that in many Argyria species; atrium bursae well demarcated from ductus bursae; no signum. This genus is erected for one species, Crambus fulvinotellus Hmps. It is similar externally to Neargyria and Neargyrioides, but r, in the forewing is stalked with ro, S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 5 Fig. 5—8. Male and female genitalia. 5, Neargyrioides aglaopis (Turner), &, paratype, North Australia; 6, the same, 9, North Australia; 7, Australargyria fulvinotella (Hmps.), 4, Woodlark Island; 8, the same, @, Sudest Island 6 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 being free in Neargyrioides, and rz in the forewing is stalked with r,, but is free in both Neargyria and Neargyrioides. Distribution: Louisiade Archipelago; Vulcan Is. Australargyria fulvinotella (Hampson) comb. nov. Crambus fulvinotellus Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 439 (type-locality: Louisiade Archipelago, St. Aignan). Lectotype 4 (present designation): “St. Aignan, A. S. Meek, 1900-228”, slide 5622- BM (BM). The collection of the British Museum contains two more syntypes, which are hereby selected as paralectotypes, one g', slide 7747-BM, and one 9, slide 7705-BM, both from St. Aignan Id. Chilandrus gen. nov. Type-species: Schoenobius chrysistes Meyrick. Ocellus rather small. Chaetosemata moderate. Labial palpus similar to Chilo. Face produced. Wing venation as in Chilo, r, in forewing coincident with sc. Frenulum of © triple. Forewing yellow or ochreous with pattern reduced, or subterminal line ill- defined. d' genitalia (Fig. 9). Gnathos with rounded apex (pointed in all species of Chilo); otherwise similar to those in Chilo. 2 genitalia (Fig. 10). Eighth segment (? plus papillae anales) transformed into a peculiar, heavily sclerotized bladder with two long arms; signum present. This genus is established for one species, Schoenobius chrysistes Meyr. Because of the very peculiar female genitalia I separate it from Chilo. Distribution: Nepal; India; Burma; Ceylon. Chilandrus chrysistes (Meyrick) comb. nov. Schoenobius chrysistes Meyrick, 1933, Exot. Microlep. 4: 377 (type-locality: India, Madras, Goda- vari District, Samalkot). Holotype ®, December, Rao, slide 7470-BM (BM). The species was based on 9. Material examined contains a series of specimens from Nepal, Lower Burma, and Ceylon. Malgasochilo gen. nov. Type-species: Malgasochilo autarotellus spec. nov. Ocellus vestigial. Chaetosemata poorly developed. Labial palpus as in Chilo. Antenna in ¢ serrate. Face not protruding forward beyond eye, slightly rounded. In forewing r, and r, free. In hindwing cell closed, mg free from cell; cell very long (Fig. 11). Fore- wing with two transverse lines; subterminal line double, very close to termen; median line ill defined, zigzag. Fringe of forewing shiny in dorsal part. 3 genitalia (Fig. 13). Uncus and gnathos slender, gnathos not curved; pars basalis absent; saccus and pseudosaccus present; juxta plate with two arms. ® unknown. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 7 Malgasochilo is described for one species, M. autarotellus spec. nov., from Madagascar. It is close to Chilo, but with straight gnathos. The external appearance is different from that of Chilo, but similar to Autarortis Meyr. Malgasochilo autarotellus spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Nossi-Be, Forêt de Lokobe. Holotype g': ‘Madagascar Nord, Nossi-Be, Forêt de Lokobe, Alt. 150 m, 3 au 9.IX. 1958, P. Viette”, slide 5236-SB (MP). The species is described from one g'. Forewing length 12.0 mm; ground-colour dull greyish brown; otherwise as described for the genus. Chiqua gen. nov. Type-species: Chiqua eblisella spec. nov. Ocellus well developed. Chaetosemata slightly developed. Face produced forward, conical, but without point; ventral ridge absent. Labial palpus as in Chzlo. Frenulum in © triple. In forewing r, to, and rg free; in hindwing cell closed and very long; mg free from cell; m, well remote from rr, but not as far in Prionapteryx and allies (Fig. 12). Forewing with two transverse lines. Fringe of forewing shiny in dorsal portion. Hindwing with subterminal line. d' genitalia (Fig. 14). Uncus and gnathos slender; saccus and pseudosaccus present; pars basalis a lightly sclerotized, small lobe; valva with very dense hairs; juxta long, of complex armature; ductus ejaculatorius as in Chilo. Q genitalia (Fig. 15). Similar to those in Chilo and Diatraea Guilding; no signum. This new genus is described for one species, Chiqua eblisella spec. nov., from Bolivia and Peru. It seems to be closely related to Chilo-Diatraea complex, but is distinct by very weak chaetosemata, very long cell in the hindwing, and the external characters of the wings, which are somewhat similar to those in Malgasochilo. Chiqua eblisella spec. nov. Type-locality: Bolivia, Sarampiuni. Holotype & : “Bolivia, Sarampiuni, San Carlos, 1000 m, 30.VIII.1950, leg. W. Forster, Zoolog. Staatsslg. München”, slide 1397-München (ZSBM). Paratypes: 2 & 1 9, same locality as holotype, 2.IX and 7.IX, slides 5590-SB ¢ and 6215-SB 2 (ZSBM, SB); 2 & Peru, Carabaya, River Huacamayo, 4.VI (G. Ocken- den), slide 11219-BM (BM). Length of forewing 12.5—14.5 mm; ground-colour of forewing whitish, densely sprinkled with brown scales; median line with distinct projection just below middle of wing. Eschata smithi spec. nov. Type-locality: Thailand. Holotype g': “Siam at light lot 43; Siam reference lot 4 no 11 Coll. lot 43; Eschata xanthocera Hmps. det. G. A. Marshall”, slide 7317-BM (BM). 8 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 9 Paratype g': Thailand, Chiengmai, VIII.1928 (Dr. and Mrs. J. W. McKean), slide 7319-BM (BM). Externally similar to E. argentata Moore. The second transverse line in forewing close to the first line. dg genitalia (Fig. 16). Uncus not broadened medially; pars basalis with two finger- shaped processes, one at the middle of costa and the other near the base of costa; juxta with two long arms, each triangularly projected; aedeagus as long as valva plus saccus; no cornutí. Q unknown. Distinct from E. argentata and allies by the absence of cornuti, long arms of juxta and two finger-shaped processes of pars basalis. The species is named in honour of Mr. Arthur Smith, Artist at the British Museum (Natural History), London. Eschata rembrandti spec. nov. Type-locality: India, Nilghiris. Holotype g': “Nilghiris; Moore Coll. 94—106”, slide 7315-BM (BM). Externally distinct from E. smithi spec. nov. by the position of the second transverse line of the forewing, which is about twice as far from the first line as in smithi. More- over, the cilia of the forewing in rembrandti are silvery along upper two thirds, and golden along lower third, whereas they are golden throughout in smithi. Forewing length 16.0 mm. d' genitalia (Fig. 17), compared with those in E. smithi. Distinct by very different shape of pars basalis and juxta; pars basalis also with two finger-shaped processes, but caudal process about as long as basal process (much longer in smithi); both processes closely approximated (remote in 572/447); juxta semicircular with two short arms; aedeagus slightly shorter than valva plus saccus. © unknown. Eschata rococo SPEC. NOV. Type-locality: India, Khasis. Holotype g': “Khasis Nat. Coll”, slide 7316-BM (BM). Externally similar to E. argentata. d' genitalia (Fig. 19). Uncus strongly curved and swollen dorsally; gnathos with sub- median projection; pars basalis long, slender; juxta small with two short, tapering arms; aedeagus shorter than valva; long patch of small cornuti. 9 unknown. Distinct from E. argentata by swollen dorsum of uncus and very small cornuti. Fig. 9—13. 9, Chilandrus chrysistes (Meyr.), 4 genitalia, Ceylon; 10, Q genitalia, Ceylon; 11, Mal- gasochilo autarotellus sp.n., wing venation; 12, Chiqua eblisella sp.n., wing venation; 13, Malgaso- chilo autarotellus sp.n., & genitalia, holotype, Madagascar 10 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Eschata aida spec. nov. Type-locality: India, Bengal. Holotype g': “Bengal; Moore Coll. 94—106”, slide 7324-BM (BM). Externally similar to E. argentata; length of forewing 14.0 mm. d genitalia (Fig. 18). Uncus arched, dorsum not swollen; gnathos without submedian projection; pars basalis, a short fold; juxta tapering caudad, with two pointed, rather short arms; aedeagus about as long as valva, without cornuti. 2 unknown. Distinct from E. argentata and allies by not swollen dorsum of uncus, absence of submedian projection of gnathos, folded, short pars basalis, and absence of cornuti. Calamotropha malgasella spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Tananarive. Holotype 8: ‘Madagascar Centre, Tananarive, 1200 m, Parc de Tsimbazaza, 25.X/ 5.XI.1963, P. Viette”, slide 4163-SB (MP). Face slightly protruding forward beyond eye, rounded. Antenna deeply serrate. Length of forewing 15.0 mm; ground-colour of forewing glossy brown; discal dot very distinct; median dot absent; subterminal line poorly traceable; median line absent. d genitalia (Fig. 20). Uncus bowed; gnathos slightly longer than uncus, with apex rounded; pars basalis absent; cucullus rather heavily sclerotized, produced as a strong spine; another sharp, smaller spine from inner side of valva, near apex; cornuti absent. © unknown. Externally, C. malgasella resembles C. torpidella (Z.) and C. anticella (Walk.). In genitalia, this species is distinct by pointed, produced cucullus, subapical spine and the absence of the cornuti. i Pseudocatharylla berberichi spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Maroantsetra. Holotype & : “Madagascar N.E., Maroantsetra, XI1.1956° (not dissected) (MP). Paratypes: 15 9 g', Madagascar (USNM); 1 9, same locality as holotype, V.1957 (MP); 5 9 & Madagascar, Betroka, II, X, XI, XII.1953 and 1955 (E. Diehl), slides 11220-BM g', 11212-BM 9, 11213-BM 9 and 4867-SB 9 (BM, SB). Ocellus well developed. Face rounded. Length of forewing about 6.0 mm; ground- colour shiny silvery white, pattern ochreous brown; costa edged with dark ochreous; two distinct transverse lines. d' genitalia (Fig. 21). Symmetrical; pars basalis a strong lobe with a spine-shaped process and heavily sclerotized basal fold; no cornuti. Q genitalia (Fig. 22). Atrium bursae heavily sclerotized, transverly wrinkled, scobinate; two elongate signa. Fig. 14—16. Male and female genitalia. 14, Chigua eblisella sp.n., & paratype, Bolivia; 15, the same, @ paratype, Bolivia; 16, Eschata smithi sp.n. 4, holotype, Thailand S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 | Whi | AD il; 14 Is MD 12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Distinct from other Pseudocatharylla species by strongly contrasting pattern of the forewing, by the spined apex of the aedeagus, and by two long signa. The species is named in honour of Dr. T. Berberich, Bad Godesberg, West Germany. Sebrus gen. nov. Type-species: Sebrus amandus spec. nov. Ocellus well developed. Chaetosemata moderate. Antenna in g' serrate. Labial palpus as in Pediasia. Face rounded. Frenulum in 9 double. Wing venation as in Pedzasia. Forewing with two transverse lines. d genitalia (Fig. 23). Uncus and gnathos much as in Pediasia; pars basalis strong and long, with large, subbasal lobe; one very long cornutus; saccus absent; pseudosaccus present. Q genitalia (Fig. 26). Papillae anales as in Pediasia, anterior apophyses moderate; atrium bursae lightly sclerotized, surrounded by hood-shaped fold of the eighth segment; ductus bursae very long, reaching base of thorax; no signum. The new genus is established for one species, Sebrus amandus spec. nov., Madagascar. It seems to be rather closely related to Pediasia, from which it is distinct by the double frenulum in © (single in Pediasia) and by the subbasal lobe of pars basalis. Sebrus amandus spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Perinet. Holotype g': “Station Perinet, 149 east of Tananarive, 20.X—10.XI.1930 (Mme N. d’Olsoufieff)”, slide 11282-BM (BM). Paratypes: 1 4 and 1 9 : “Madagascar”, slides 5816-SB and 5822-SB (SB). Length of forewing 7.0—8.0 mm; ground-colour dull whitish, dusted with brown scales; transverse lines indistinct. Genitalia as described for the genus. Culladiella gen. nov. Type-species: Culladia sinuimargo Hampson. Ocellus present. Chaetosemata moderate, weaker than in Cwlladia Moore. Male antenna serrate. Labial palpus as in C#/ladia. Female frenulum double. Wing venation as in Pediasia. Forewing with ill-defined pattern. d' genitalia. Uncus and gnathos similar to Cwlladia; pseudosaccus large; saccus absent; pars basalis strong; aedeagus much elongate. 9 genitalia. Rather similar to those in Culladia; no signum. This genus is closely related to C//adia, but distinct by different armature of the pars basalis, which is not subdivided, by the very long aedeagus, which has no apical rod-like projection, and by a very large pseudosaccus. Distribution: Central and South Africa. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 13 Culladiella sinuimargo (Hampson) comb. nov. Culladia sinuimargo Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 277 (type-locality: South Africa, Pretoria). Lectotype & (present designation): ‘Pretoria 8.10.06, A. J. T. Janse; Transvaal 1907- 249”, slide 1369-BM (BM). Paralectotypes: 1 g', Pretoria, 5.11.1906, slide 1723-BM; 1 & Pretoria, 16.X.1906, slide 5831-SB; 1 g' Pretoria, 19.X.1906; 1 © Pretoria, 17.IX.1906, slide 11230-BM (BM). d' genitalia as shown in Fig. 24. Q genitalia as shown in Fig. 27. The material examined contains all type-specimens and moreover 2 & from Kenya and 1 g' from South Africa, Natal. Culladiella subsinuimargo spec. nov. Type-locality: Western Sudan, Darfur, Jebel Murra. Holotype g': ‘W. Darfur, Jebel Murra, Kiliing, 7.000 ft. 8.V.1932. Miss. E. Steele”, slide 11290-BM (BM). Paratypes 5 g', same locality as holotype (BM, SB). Externally similar to C. sinzimargo (Hmps.). 3 genitalia (Fig. 25), compared with those in sinzimargo. Tegumen without lobes; pars basalis more strongly tapering apicad; pseudosaccus smaller; juxta without incision. © unknown. Culladiella generosa (Meyrick) comb. nov. Crambus generosus Meyrick, 1936, Exot. Microlep. 5: 19 (type-locality: Congo, Elisabethville). Lectotype & (present designation): ‘Musée de Congo, Elisabethville, 24.X.1934, Ch. Seydel; M 4665; R. det. G. 3152; Type C. generosus’ (TM). Paralectotypes: 4 2 Elisabethville (Lubumbash), X.1934 (TM); 2 9 Elisabethville, one with abdomen missing (BM). Externally similar to both preceding species. d' genitalia (Fig. 28). Tegumen without lobes; pars basalis shorter than in the two preceding species; juxta without incision. Q genitalia (Fig. 48). Atrium bursae with Dep sclerite, ductus bursae distinctly swollen before corpus bursae. Caffrocrambus Bleszynski Caffrocrambus Bleszynski, 1961, Bull. ent. Pol. 31: 200. Type-species: Crambus dichotomellus Hampson, 1919, South Africa, by original designation. Originally, this genus contained three species, all characterized by a whitish, longitudi- nal stripe in the forewing. Several other African species belong to Caffrocrambus. Similar to Agriphila Hbn. or Catoptria Hbn., this genus contains species with or without a longitudinal stripe in the forewing. 14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 One species, C. sordidellus Marion, tentatively transferred from Culladia Moore, has the vein m, in the forewing and m, in the hindwing absent, which is atypical of Caffro- crambus. . Fig. 17—20. Male genitalia. 17, Eschata rembrandti sp.n., holotype, India, Nilghiris; 18, E. aida sp.n., holotype, India, Bengal; 19, E. rococo sp.n., holotype, India, Khasis; 20, Calamatropha malgasella sp.n., Madagascar Caffrocrambus undilineatus (Hampson) comb. nov. Crambus undilineatus Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 280 (type-locality: South Africa, Transvaal). Holotype 8: “E. Transvaal, White River, 2.XII.1909, M. T. Cooke 1910—66; Crambus undilineatus type Q Hmpsn.”, slide 5505-BM (BM). The species was based on 8 specimens. I have found only 2 & paratypes (from Pretoria) in the collection of the British Museum. I was unable to locate the paratypes from Kenya, Eb Urru (1 8), Transvaal, Pretoria (1 Z and 2 9) and South Africa, Brak Kloof (1 &'). d' genitalia (Fig. 29). Pars basalis a slight, broad projection; one cornutus; juxta fused with heavily sclerotized, hairy fultura superior. 9 genitalia as shown in Fig. 30. I have associated with the holotype two females from Rhodesia, Mashonaland, which seem to be conspecific. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 15 Externally, C. undilineatus is similar to C. decolorellus. The latter is known only from female specimens. The differences in the female genitalia between the two species are slight; perhaps they are synonyms. Caffrocrambus decolorellus (Walker) comb. nov. Crambus decolorellus Walker, 1863, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 164 (type-locality: South Africa, Cape Colony). Pediasia decolorella: Bleszynski, 1962, Bull. ent. Pol. 37: 19. Holotype 9 : “1742; C.B.S.; Type; Crambus decolorellus Walker”, slide 4433-BM (BM). Based on one 9 (Fig. 47). The fold surrounding atrium bursae is less notched than in C. undilineatus. The material examined contains the holotype and two other females from South Africa. 3 unknown. Caffrocrambus decolorelloides spec. nov. Type-locality: Kenya, Nairobi. Holotype g': “Kenya Colony, Nairobi, Scott. Agr. Lab. VI.1926. At light. T. J. An- derson’’, slide 11295-BM (BM). Paratypes: 1 oi Kenya, Nairobi, slide 5827-SB (SB); 1 9 Kenya, Nairobi, slide 11320-BM (BM). Externally similar to C. decolorellus. d' genitalia (Fig. 33), compared with those of zndilineatus. Cucullus more heavily sclerotized, pointed; saccus much longer; pars basalis reduced, cornuti smaller. Q genitalia (Fig. 46). Atrium bursae tubular, with ventral margin projected; heavily sclerotized fold surrounding ostium bursae (typical of the two preceding species) absent. Caffrocrambus ochreus spec. nov. Type-locality: Rhodesia, Mashonaland, Salisbury. Holotype G': ‘Salisbury, Mashonaland, 24.1.98, G. A. K. Marshall, 98—62”; slide 11291-BM (BM). Paratypes: 1 & Mashonaland, Salisbury, 1.1905 (G. A. K. Marshall), slide 7723-BM (BM); 1 & Mashonaland (H. B. Dobbie) (BM); 1 & Kenya, Athiya Mave, 17.IV. 1899 (C. S. Betton), slide 11292-BM (BM); 1 8 Kenya, Nairobi, IV.1920, slide 5821- SB (SB); 3 ® Kenya, Nairobi, 21. and 24.IV.1916 (W. A. Lamborn), slides 7715-BM, 11293-BM and 5476-SB (BM and SB); 1 g° Kenya, Kilimandjaro, slide 11294-BM (BM); 1 & Kenya, Pori, Landjoro, III.1912 (Alluaud & Jeannel), slide 5437-SB (PM). Externally similar to C. decolorellus and undilineatus, but with forewing bright och- reous yellow. d genitalia (Fig. 31), compared with those in C. undilineatus. Pars basalis weaker; fultura superior membraneous, without hairs; aedeagus broader and longer, with a patch of numerous cornuti. Q genitalia (Fig. 32). Atrium bursae funnel-shaped, without notch, weakly fused with eighth segment; ductus bursae swollen behind atrium bursae. 16 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Fig. 21—25. Male and female genitalia. 21, Pseudocatharylla berberichi sp.n., & paratype, Madagas- car; 22, the same, 9 paratype, Madagascar; 23, Sebrus amandus sp.n., & holotype, Madagascar; 24, Culladiella sinuimargo (Hmps.), & paralectotype, Transvaal; 25, Culladiella subsinuimargo sp.n., & holotype, West Sudan Caffrocrambus sordidellus (Marion) comb. nov. Culladia sordidella Marion, 1957, Bull. IFAN (A) 19: 1210, pl. 1, fig. 11 (type-locality: Daho- mey). Holotype 2: ““Koutiacou Atakora 600 m, 22.VI.30; IFAN 1950, Dahomey, 22.VI. A. Villiers”, slide 3652-Viette (MP). Forewing brown; discal dot distinct; transverse lines indistinct; in forewing m, absent; in hindwing m, absent (atypical of Caffrocrambus). Q genitalia (Fig. 34). Atrium bursae surrounded by a heavily sclerotized fold with a deep incision. d unknown. Caffrocrambus leucofascialis (Janse) comb. nov. Crambus lencofascialis Janse, 1922, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922: 2 (type-locality: South Africa, Transvaal, Pretoria). S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 17 Holotype © : Pretoria, 13.1.1915 (Transvaal Museum). Forewing with a distinct, longitudinal white stripe. I have had no opportunity to examine the type of this species. The species was based on several females taken in Pretoria and Warmberg. The genitalia of one examined male from South Africa proved that leucofascialis belongs to Caffrocrambus. Conocramboides gen. nov. Type-species: Crambus seychellellus Fletcher. Ocellus fully developed. Chaetosemata moderate. Face rounded, not protruding forward beyond eye. Antenna in male serrate. Wing venation similar to Crambus F. In forewing r, free. Forewing with one transverse line; apex rounded, termen not incised. Frenulum in female double. d genitalia (Fig. 35). Uncus and gnathos long and slender; pars basalis absent; pseudosaccus present; saccus absent; vinculum constricted in middle; one cornutus. Fig. 26—30. Male and female genitalia. 26, Sebrus amandus sp.n., 9 paratype, Madagascar; 27, Cul- ladiella sinuimargo (Hmps.), 9 paralectotype, Transvaal; 28, C. generosa (Meyr.), &, Congo; 29, Caffrocrambus undilineatus (Hmps.), &, Transvaal; 30, the same, 2, Rhodesia 18 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Q genitalia (Fig. 36). Similar to those in Pediasia, but with one large signum. Conocramboides is erected for one species, Crambus seychellellus from the Seychelle Is. and Mauritius. It is closely related to Conocrambus, which has, however, a strong pars basalis with two signa. Conocramboides seychellellus (Fletcher) comb. nov. Crambus seychellellus Fletcher, 1910, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 13: 297, Pl. 17, Fig. 4 (type- locality: Seychelle Is., Mahe). | Lectotype 4 (present designation) : “Seychelles, Mahe 25.X.1905. T. B. Fletcher 1909- 288”, slide 3531-BM (BM). Crambus emmerezellus J. de Joannis, 1915, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 84: 13, PI. 1, Fig. 8 (type-locality: Mauritius). Lectotype g' (present designation): “Ile Maurice Curepipe Carie Janv. 1905”, slide 3049-Viette (PM). Microcrambon gen. nov. Type-species: Crambus paphiellus Guenée. Ocellus well developed. Chaetosemata moderate. Face rounded, not produced. Male antenna serrate. Forewing silvery white with pattern reduced. Female frenulum double. d' genitalia (Fig. 37). Uncus and gnathos similar to Microcrambus. Pars basalis a long, finger-shaped process; pseudosaccus large; saccus absent; aedeagus with a long, sigmoid cornutus. Q genitalia (Fig. 38). Similar to Pedzasza. This genus is described for one species, Crambus paphiellus Guenée, from Reunion, the Seychelles Is. and Madagascar. It resembles externally and in genitalia some species of Microcrambus Blesz., which is distributed in South and North America. The large pseudosaccus and rather different armature of the vinculum separate Microcrambon from Microcrambus. Microcrambon paphiellum (Guenée) comb. nov. Crambus papbiellus Guenée, 1863, in Maillard: Notes sur l’Ile Réunion, Annexe G, Lepidoptera: 7 (type-locality: Reunion). Crambus auronivellus Fryer, 1912, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1912: 22, PI. 1, Fig. 19 (type-locality: Seychelles Is., Silhouette). Syn. nov. Neotype & (present designation) : “Crambus paphiellus Guenée, g'; La Reunion Forêt de Bélowve, 26.1.1955 P. Viette; Museum Paris Mission franco-mauritienne I/II 1955” (PM). Lectotype 9 (present designation) : “Silhouette, Seychelles Islands, Percy Sladen Trust Expedition 1933-170", slide 7790-BM (BM). The specimens from the Seychelles Is. are smaller than those from Reunion. Charltona ariadna spec. nov. Type-locality: Madagascar, Tananarive. Holotype d' : “Tananarive Tsimbazaza 3.XI1.1954, P. Viette”, slide 4164-SB (MHNP). S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 19 Fig. 31—34. Male and female genitalia. 31, Caffrocrambus ochreus sp.n., & paratype, Rhodesia; 32, the same, @ paratype, Kenya; 33, C. decolorelloides sp.n., & holotype, Kenya; 34, C. sor- didellus (Marion), 9 holotype, Dahomey 20 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Paratypes: 15 g' ®, Madagascar, Tananarive and Manisana near Tananarive, slides 4165-SB 9 and 7148-BM 9 (PM, BM and SB). Ocellus present. Face produced forward with small corneous point (slightly variable). Length of forewing 16.0—20.0 mm; ground-colour brown; an ill-defined, light basal stripe diffusing in middle of wing. d genitalia (Fig. 39). Uncus broad basally with side projections; one long cornutus. Q genitalia (Fig. 40). Ductus bursae longitudinally wrinkled, short, swollen at mouth of corpus bursae; no signum. | Ch. ariadna is somewhat similar to albidalis Hmps., which is larger, has darker fore- wing, shorter aedeagus and longer cornutus. Aurotalis gen. nov. Type-species: Aurotalis dionisa spec. nov. Ocellus well developed. Face rounded. Labial palpus very long and slender. Male antenna pectinate. Female frenulum single. Wing venation similar to Conotalis Hmps. Forewing narrower than in Conotalis, with two transverse lines and golden brown and yellowish longitudinal lines. d genitalia (Fig. 41). Valva broad, without pars basalis; saccus and pseudosaccus present. Q genitalia (Fig. 42). Resembling those in Conotalis, but less elongate. This genus is erected for two species, A. dionisa spec. nov. and A. nigroradians (Hmps.). It differs from Conotalis by the pectinate male antenna, different forewing pattern, more slender forewing, longer labial palpus and less elongate valva. The detailed comparison of this genus, Conotalis and allied genera will be published in one of the forthcoming papers by the present author. Distribution: South Africa; Angola. Aurotalis dionisa spec. nov. Type-locality: Angola, Kuelei Pass. Holotype g': “Museum Paris, Mission Rohan-Chabot, Angola, 1912-13; Passage du Kuelei, 7.11I.1913”, slide 2853-SB (PM). Paratypes: 1 & 4 9 Angola, Capelongo and Dongo, 19.0—20.X11.1912, one, slide 6238-SB (PM and SB); 1 9 Angola, Pungo Andongo (A. v. Homeyer), slide 11281- BM(BM). Labial palpus five times as long as diameter of eye. Male antenna distinctly pectinate, female antenna serrate. Length of forewing 9.5—11.0 mm; ground-colour whitish; two ochreous transverse lines, veins delineated with brown; fringe glossy golden. Hindwing whitish. d'genitalia (Fig. 41). Uncus curved, short, and stout; gnathos elbowed; cucullus produced; sacculus a narrow, long thickening; aedeagus long, tapering caudad, sigmoid. Q genitalia (Fig. 42). Atrium bursae heavily sclerotized, cup-shaped; no signum. The species is very different from A. nigrisguamalis (Hmps.) comb. nov., from South Africa, which is much larger and has very different genitalia (di-branched uncus, bilobed atrium bursae). S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 21 Prionapteryx carmensita spec. nov. Type-locality: Kenya, Dandu. Holotype g': “Kenya Dandu, March 1952. Lat. N 3° 25’ Long. E 39° 54’, E. H. M. Clifford, B.M. 1952-178”, slide 7593-BM (BM). Paratypes: 3 g' Kenya, Dandu, III.1952 (BM and SB); 1 g Kenya, Mtito Andei, X.1951, (E. Pinhey), slide 6253 (Condon Museum, Nairobi); 1 4 Kenya, Voi, 1II.1915 (Alluaud & Jeannel), slide 6230-SB (PM). Male antenna bipectinate. Labial palpus one and half times as long as diameter of eye. Face strongly produced, with two corneous points. Length of forewing 9.5—10.5 mm; r, stalked with r4; m, on a long stalk with mg, except in the paratype from Kenya, Voi, which has m, on a short stalk; ground-colour brown red; three transverse lines; discal dot white, distinct. Hindwing with mg present. d genitalia (Fig. 43). Uncus with two side lamellae; gnathos with broad, truncate apex; basal process of valva dentate; in the paratype from Kenya, Voi, the gnathos has different shape (Fig. 43 A). @ unknown. The species is very distinct from its allies by reddish ground-colour of the forewing. Loxophantis pretoriella spec. nov. Type-locality: South Africa, Pretoria. Holotype J': “Pretoria, 9.1.13, A. J. T. Janse; 1919-17”, slide 7436-BM (BM). Paratypes: 3 g' 3 9,1, II and XII.1911—1913 (A. J. T. Janse), one g', slide 5547- SB (BM and SB), 1 9 Rhodesia, Sawmills, 4.11.1918 (A. J. T. Janse) (BM). Male antenna bipectinate. Face strongly conical with corneous point and ventral ridge, slightly variable in shape. Labial palpus 3 (g') to 3.5 (9) times as long as diameter of eye. Length of forewing 10.0—11.0 mm; r, and ry free, r- stalked with r,, mo free from cell; termen not incised; ground-colour dull brown with slight olive hue; subterminal line white, dentate; median line ill defined or reduced; discal dot white, distinct; costa edged with white; fringe brown, interrupted several times by white bars. d' genitalia (Fig. 44). Uncus broad, expanding caudad, truncate; gnathos, a narrow ring, without a point; basal process of valva narrow, dentate; costal part of valva slightly more heavily sclerotized than the remainder of the valva; juxta without incision; no cornuti. Q genitalia (Fig. 45). Papillae anales triangular, small, with very short hairs; atrium bursae not demarcated from ductus bursae; the latter very narrow, lightly sclerotized throughout; no signum. Judging by the genitalia, this species is close to L. triplecta Meyrick, from Central Africa, which has, however, incised juxta, differently shaped uncus and broader basal process of the valva. L. triplecta is smaller than L. pretoriella and has different coloration and forewing pattern. i Loxophantis Meyr., 1936, Exot. Microlep. 4: 570, was erected for one species, triplecta Meyr., Lc. In 1936 (Exot. Microlep. 5: 21), Meyrick described another species as Loxo- phantis diaplecta, from Ruanda. However, diaplecta is referable to Prionapteryx Steph. Prionapteryx diaplecta (Meyrick) comb. nov. Holotypes of both friplecta and diaplecta, males, are in Musée de l’Afrique Centrale, 22 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Fig. 35—39. Male and female genitalia. 35, Conocramboides seychellellus (Fletcher), &, Mauritius; 36, the same, 9, Mauritius; 37, Microcrambon paphiellum (Guenée), &, Mauritius; 38, the same, ?, Reunion; 39, Charlions ariadna sp.n., & paratype, Madagascar S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 23 Tervuren. One male paratype of diaplecta is preserved in the collection of the British Museum. CHANGES IN THE TAXONOMY OF SOME CRAMBINAE Microchilo fulvizonellus (Hampson) comb. nov. Platytes fulvizonella Hampson, 1896, Moths of India, 4: 21 (India, Khasis). Argyria trizona Meyrick, 1931, Exot. Microlep. 4: 114. Syn. nov. (India, Khasis). Classeya interstriatella (Hampson ) comb. nov. Platytes interstriatellus Hampson, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 945 (Punjab). Charltoniada apicella (Hampson) comb. nov. Platytes apicella Hampson, 1896, Moths of India, 4: 22 (India, Khasis). Charltoniada acrocapna (Turner) comb. nov. Microtalis acrocapna Turner, 1911, Ann. Queensland Mus. 10: 116 (North Australia, Port Darwin). Crambus apicenotatus Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 287 (Formosa). Syn. nov. Chartoniada difficilis Strand, 1919, Ent. Ztg. Stettin, 79: (Formosa). Syn. nov. Diatraea decorata J. de Joannis, 1930, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 98: 601, Pl. 4, Fig. 2 (Tonkin). Syn. nov. Vaxi jonesella (Dyar) comb. nov. Argyria jonesella Dyar, 1913, Insec. Inscit. menstr. 1: 114 (Brazil, Parana). Pseudocatharylla xantholeuca (Meyrick) comb. nov. Argyria xantholeuca Meyrick, 1933, Exot. Microlep. 4: 445 (Central Africa). Pseudocatharylla mikengella Bleszynski Pseudocatharylla mikengella Bleszynski, 1964, Acta zool. cracov. 9: 722, Fig. 42 (Angola). Psendocatharylla submikengella Bleszynski, 1964, l.c., Fig. 43 (Angola). Syn. nov. Pseudocatharylla angolica Bleszynski Pseudocatharylla angolica Bleszynski, 1964, Acta zool. cracov. 9: 716, Fig. 41 (Angola). Psendocatharylla antiopa Bleszynski, 1964, Acta zool. cracov. 9: 729, Fig. 60 (South Africa). Syn. nov. Calamotropha baibarella (Shibuya) Crambus baibarellus Shibuya, 1928, J. Fac. Agric. Sapporo, 22: 48, Pl. 4, Fig. 3 (Formosa). Calamotropha sattleri Bleszynski, 1961, Acta zool. cracov. 6: 192, Pl. 29, Fig. 40, Pl. 50, Fig. 127 (Formosa). Syn. nov. Calamotropha haplora (Turner) comb. nov. Crambus haplorus Turner, 1911, Ann. Queensland Mus. 10: 110 (North Australia, Port Darwin). Calamotropha toxophora (J. de Joannis) comb. nov. Crambus toxophorus J. de Joannis, 1922, Bull. Soc. lép. Genéve, 5: 182 (Mozambique). Conocrambus ammoploceus (Turner) comb. nov. Crambus ammoploceus Turner, 1922, Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 35: 45 (Queensland). Fissicrambus orion Bleszynski Fissicrambus orion Bleszynski, 1963, Acta zool. cracov. 8: 160, Fig. 37 (French Guiana). Fissicrambus amandus Bleszynski, 1963, l.c.: 162, Fig. 46 (Colombia). 24 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 48 25 Supercrambus albiradialis (Hampson) Crambus albiradialis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 442 Brazil, Rio de Janeiro). Crambus dukinfieldiellus Schaus, 1922, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 24: 131 (Brazil, Parana). Syn. nov. Pediasia ematheudella (J. de Joannis) comb. nov. Crambus ematheudellus J. de Joannis, 1922, Bull. Soc. lep. Genève, 5: 192 (Mozambique). Pediasia marionella Bleszynski, 1963, Acta zool. cracov. 8: 174, Fig. 58, 61 (Madagascar). Syn. nov. Fig. 46—48. Female genitalia. 46, Caffrocrambus decolloreides sp.n., 2, paratype, Kenya; 47, C. deco- lorellus Walk., ® type; 48, Culladiella generosa (Meyr.), ©, lectoparatype, Elisabethville Fig. 40—45. Male and female genitalia. 40, Charltona ariadna & paratype, Madagascar; 41, Auro- talis dionisa sp.n., & holotype, Angola; 42, the same, © paratype, Angola; 43, Prionapteryx carmen- sita sp.n., & holotype, Kenya; 43 A, the same, & paratype, Kenya, (gnathos); 44, Loxophantis pretoriella sp.n., & holotype, Transvaal; 45, the same © paratype, Transvaal 26 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Pediasia nephelosticta (J. de Joannis) comb. nov. Crambus nephelostictus J. de Joannis, 1922, Bull. Soc. lép. Genève, 5: 191 (Mozambique). Pediasia melanerges (Hampson) comb. nov. Crambus melanerges Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 281 (Uganda). Talis Guenée Talis Guenée, 1845, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 3: 324 (type-species: Tinea quercella Denis & Schiffer- müller, by monotypy). Drasa Kapur, 1950, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 101: 409 (type-species: Diatraea cashmirensis Hampson, by monotypy). Syn. nov. Talis wockei Filipjev Talis wockei Filipjev, 1929, Ann. Mus. zool. Acad. Sci. Russ. 30: 2, Pl. 1, Fig. 1, Pl. 2a, Fig. i (South Siberia). Talis kansualis Caradja, 1935, Ark. Zool. 27 A (8): 5 (China, Kansu). Syn. nov. Mesolia microdontalis (Hampson) comb. nov. Prionopteryx (sic) microdontalis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 4:66 (West Africa). Charltona albimixtalis Hampson Charltona albimixtalis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 4: 306 (West Africa). Charltona villiersi Marion, 1957, Bull. IFAN, 19 (A): 1210, Pl. 1, Fig. 12 (Dahomey). Syn. nov. Prionotalis africanella (Strand) comb. nov. Talis africanellus Strand, 1909, Ent. Runsch. 26: 115 (Tanzania). SPECIES DESCRIBED IN CRAMBINAE BUT REFERABLE TO OTHER SUBFAMILIES OF PYRALIDAE Argyria holocrassa Meytick, 1902, Ent. mon. Mag. 38: 176 (Aden) = Noorda blitealis (Walker), Odontiinae. Syn. nov. Argyria leucopsumis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 455 (India) is referable to Odontiinae, Odontia Dup., Comb. nov. Argyria strophaea Meyrick, 1905, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1905: 226 (New Zealand), is referable to Pyraustinae, ? Mefasia Guenée. Comb. nov. Crambus venalbellus J. de Joannis, 1922, Bull. Soc. lep. Geneve, 5: 192 (Mozambique), is referable to Phycitinae, ? Phycita Curt. Comb. nov. Eromene pavonialis Hampson, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 269, Pl. 10, Fig. 28 (Aden), is referable to Cybalomiinae, Stzphrometasia Zerny. Comb. nov. Platytes biangularis Turner, 1942, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 53: 82 (Queensland), is referable to Galleriinae, Galleristhena Hmps. Comb. nov. Platytes contempta Turner, 1927, Pap. & Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1926: 120 (Tasmania), is referable to Phycitinae, ? Phycita Curt. Comb. nov. Platytes idioptila Turner, 1915, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 27: 30 (New South Wales), is referable to Galleriinae, Galleristhena Hmps. Comb. nov. Platytes erythroneura Turner, 1937, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 48: 66 (South Australia), is referable to Scopariinae, ? Eclipsioides. Comb. nov. Platytes oxycampyla Turner, 1937, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 48: 66 (Australia, Vic- toria), is referable to Scopariinae, ? Scoparia Curt. Comb. nov. Platytes pediopola Turner, 1937, Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, 48: 66 (Queensland), is referable to Scopariinae, Eclipsioides Meyr. Comb. nov. A REVISION OF THE ORIENTAL SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANCYLOLOMIA HUBNER (STUDIES ON THE CRAMBINAE, LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, PART 49) by STANISLAW BLESZYNSKI + ABSTRACT Eighteen species of Ancylolomia Hbn. from the Oriental Region are diagnosed and their genitalia illustrated. Seven species and two subspecies are described as new; two species are put into synonymy. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BM — British Museum (Natural History), London CM — Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. CU — Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. SM — Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart LM — Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden VM — Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna SB — Stanislaw Bleszynski slide — genitalia slide The Oriental Region is the second largest centre of the distribution of the genus Ancylolomia Hb., next to the Ethiopian Region. The Oriental Region is inhabited by at least 18 Ancylolomia species, while about 30 species are known from the Ethiopian Region. Moreover, about 15 undescribed Ancylolomia species from the Ethiopian Region are known to me. Sixteen species are known from the Palaearctic Region, but one of these, A. minutella Turati, is probably synonymous with tentaculella Hb., or pectinatella Z. One species, A. rotaxella Blesz., is known from one male, labelled “China”, and perhaps comes from the Oriental part of China. A. locupletella Kollar, indica Felder, and bitubi- rosella are distributed in the eastern peripherie of the Palaearctic Region, and are Orien- tal elements in this area. A. japonica Z. is also common to both Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, but it is rather widely distributed in the eastern part of the former. In addition to the eighteen Oriental Ancylolomia species diagnosed here, two undescribed species are known to me by female specimens, which is unsufficient for a description of almost any of the Ancylolomia species. One of these, from China, Prov. Chekiang, belongs to the inornata group, and the other, from Celebes, seems to be related to the indica group. The Australian Region is inhabited by one species, A. westwoodi, occurring in Northern Territories and Queensland. 27 28 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 No species of Ancylolomia are known from the New World or the Pacific Islands. The Oriental Ancylolomia, like the Ethiopian ones, can be divided into three main groups: 1. A. inornata group. This group is characterized by the presence of a very long and thin cornutus; the costa of the valva often with a finger-shaped projection. The specific differences in this group are often very slight, particularly the females offer very slight diagnostic characters. The male antennae are pectinate or lamellate. The zzornata group is represented in the Oriental Region by five species, i.e. A. chrysographella, saundersiella, arabella, unifor- mella, and dives. It is important to note that most species of Ancylolomia from the Ethiopian Region belong to the inornata group. The Oriental species of this group inhabit only the western part of the Oriental Region (except for one undescribed species from China). 2. A. indica group. The indica group is characterized by the absence of a cornutus; aedeagus in most cases tapering and inflated caudally; the uncus bears in many species a pair of distinct thorns; the costa shows no finger-shaped process. The females often offer good diagnostic characters. The male antennae are lamellate. The Oriental species of this group are: A. indica, bitubirosella, orchidea, laverna, felderella, agraphella, taprobanensis, intricata, cervicella, japonica, and likiangella. The latter can also be considered as a Palaearctic species, since it is distributed in China, North Yunnan. This group is spread virtually throughout the Oriental Region. Of the Ethiopian species, only one, melanella Hmps., belongs to the indica group. This group is the major component of the Oriental group of Ancylolomia. 3. A. locupletella group. This group is characterized by the absence of a cornutus, the lack of the process of the costa of the valva, and the large uncus and gnathos. The female genitalia often have peculiar sclerites in the atrium bursae. The species of this group offer rather slight specific characters. The male antennae are lamellate or pectinate. Only two species, namely A. locupletella and argentata, are known from the Oriental Region. The Palae- arctic Region is inhabited by only one species of this group, A. micropalpella, known from Near East and Iran; moreover, A. locupletella occurs in the transitional areas between the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. Only few species are distributed in the Ethiopian Region. This group is the smallest within the genus Arcylolomia. Ancylolomia chrysographella (Kollar) Chilo chrysographellus Kollar, 1844, Hüg. Kaschm. 4: 494 (type-locality: Himalaya, Massuri). Lectotype 9 (present designation): “Hügel.” (VM). Jartheza responsella Walker, 1863, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 184 (type-locality: North India). Holotype &: “43/50; Type; W.W.S.”, abdomen missing (BM). Syn. nov. Jartheza xylinella Walker, 1863, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 184 (type-locality: Nepal). Holo- type & (not @ as stated in the original description): “N. India; 48/13”, abdomen missing (BM). Syn. nov. Ancylolomia basistriga Moore, 1886, Lep. Ceyl. 3: 382, Pl. 184, Fig. 1 (type-locality: Ceylon, Neuera). Lectotype & (present designation): “Ceylon; Neuera, 21.5.85; Moore Coll. 94-106, Ancylolomia basistriga type Moore”, slide 13032-BM (BM). Syn. nov. 29 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 umesjag ‘erpu] odMopaTered ‘soap “ ‘prey, ‘erqery ‘dojo rege ‘€ Serpur opsiopunvs ‘7 “MOUW ‘erpur “(2//2415519 Jo 244303991) vagdo4doskugs ‘1 vruogopksup jo erjeyruss JEN 5-1 SH 30 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Jantheza cassimella Swinhoe, 1886, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 461, Pl. 41, Fig. 4, 6 (type- locality: India, Mhow). Lectotype & (present designation): “Mhow, 88—184. Jartheza cassimella Swinhoe 4 type”, slide 6075-BM (BM). Syn. nov. Ancylolomia bassistriga: Bleszynski & Collins, 1962, Acta zool. cracov. 7: 207 (misspelling of basistriga). Male antenna pectinate. Length of forewing 14.0—22.0 mm; ground-colour chocolate brown; a light brown basal, longitudinal stripe from wing-base, diffusing beyond middle of wing; several metallic silvery, longitudinal streaks; subterminal line furnished with silvery scales. Hindwing brown. d genitalia (Fig. 1). Costa of valva with short finger-shaped process. Q genitalia (Fig. 5). Atrium bursae flat, simple. Distribution: India; Ceylon. Discussion. This species has long caused great confusion. It has been considered to be distributed from Japan, thruogh South Asia and Africa. All records of A. chryso- graphella from Japan, Formosa, and, in part from China, are referable to A. japonica, and those from Southern Asia and Africa, to several other species. A. chrysographella is very variable in size, colour, and maculation. The type-specimens of responsella, xylinella, and cassimella are nothing but small specimens of chrysographella sometimes with more contrast in the pattern of the forewing. Material examined. Lectotype and 3 @ paralectotypes of A. chrysographella (VM and SB); holotype of A. responsella (data given above); holotype of A. xylinella (data given above); lectotype and 2 9 paralectotypes of A. basistriga, Ceylon (BM); lectotype of A. cassimella and 1 9 paralectotype, India, Mhow, slide 13035-BM (BM); 3 9 India, Mhow (BM); 2 © India, Bombay (BM and SB); 1 © Nilghiris (BM); 1 9 India, Belgaum (BM); 7 & 9 Ceylon (BM and SB). Ancylolomia saundersiella Zeller Ancylolomia saundersiella Zeller, 1863, Chil. Cramb. Genera et Species: 10 (type-locality: ? India). Neotype 9 (present designation): “Bombay, Saunders’ coll. 84-68; Jartheza biplagella Moore type; Ancylolomia saundersiella Zell. type”, slide 13034-BM (BM). Jartheza biplagella Moore, 1872, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872: 582, Pl. 34, Fig. 9 (type-locality: India, Bombay). Lectotype ® (present designation): “Bombay, Saunder’s coll. 84—68; Jartheza biplagella type; Ancylolomia saundersiella Zell. type”, slide 13034-BM (BM). Jartheza obstitella Swinhoe, 1885, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 880, Pl. 57, Fig. 3 (type-locality: India, Poona). Lectotype 9 (present designation): “Poona, 87—28 (1369) 6.83; Jartheza obstitella type Swinhoe”, slide 13033-BM (BM). Male antenna pectinate. Length of forewing 11.5—16.0 mm. Ground-colour of fore- wing straw yellow with a contrasted black and white longitudinal stripe. Silvery streaks present. d' genitalia (Fig. 2). Costa with bilobed process. ® genitalia (Fig. 6). Atrium bursae as compared with the corpus bursae, much shorter than in A. chrysographella; papilla analis without a distinct thickening, which is typical of chrysographella. Distribution: India. Discussion. This species is easily separable from other Ancylolomia in India by the contrasted maculation of the forewing, pectinate antenna in male, and bilobed costal process in the male genitalia. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 31 Fig. 5—9. Genitalia of Ancylolomia. 5, chrysographella 9, paralectotype of cassimella, India, Mhow; 6, saudersiella 9, lectotype of obstitella, India, Poona; 7, uniformella 2, lectotype, India, Hyderabad; 8, indica 2, India, Bengal; 9, indica 4, Ceylon 32 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 The type of A. biplagella bears a label written by Hampson: “Ancylolomia saunder- siella Zell. type”. However, Zeller did not record Bombay as the type-locality of saunder- siella. To straighten out the problem, I select a neotype of saundersiella using the lectotype of biplagella. Material examined. Neotype of saundersiella (lectotype of biplagella), data given above; lectotype of obstitella, data given above; 2 & 5 9, India (BM and SB). Ancylolomia arabella Bleszynski Ancylolomia arabella Bleszynski, 1965, Microlep. Pal. 1: 418, PI. 29, Fig. 337; PI. 79, Fig. 337 (4 genitalia) (type-locality: Arabia, Taif). Holotype 4: “Arabia, Taif. 4.VIII.1934. H. St. J. B. Philby. B.M. 1934517”, slide 7387-BM (BM). Externally, rather similar to A. indica and allies. Antenna lamellate. The unique known specimen has labial palpi damaged. Length of forewing 10.5 mm. d genitalia (Fig. 3). Costa without process; gnathos very large, somewhat similar to that in A. dives. © unknown. Distribution: Arabia. Ancylolomia dives Hampson Ancylolomia dives Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 4: 145 (type-localitv: India, Bel- gaum). Lectotype 4 (present designation): “Belgaum, Watson Coll. 97—193, June 96; Ancylolomia dives type & Hmpsn.”, slide 2291-BM (BM). Male antenna pectinate. Colour and maculation similar to those in A. indica and allies. Length of forewing 10.0—11.0 mm. d' genitalia (Fig. 4). Gnathos with much elongate lobes; costa with knob-shaped process. Q unknown. Distribution: India, Madras. Material examined. Lectotype and 2 & paralectotypes, India, Belgaum, one paralecto- type slide 7415-BM (BM). Ancylolomia uniformella Hampson Ancylolomia uniformella Hampson, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 967 (type-locality: India, Sind, Hyderabad). Lectotype ® (present designation): “688 ® Hydrabad, Sind 4.86; Moore coll. 94—106; Ancylolomia uniformella type 2 Hmpsn.”, slide 2439-BM (BM). 9. Length of forewing 16.5 mm; ground-colour unicolorous light brown; no silvery scales. 9 genitalia (Fig. 7). Atrium bursae longer than half the length of ductus bursae plus corpus bursae, inflated as in other species of chrysographella group; papilla analis sub- triangular with long apophysis. d unknown. Distribution: India, Sind. Discussion. This species, to the best of my knowledge, is known from the unique type: specimen. It was described from an unspecified number of specimens. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 33 Ancylolomia indica Felder & Rogenhofer Ancylolomia indica Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874, Reise Fregate Novara, Pl. 137, Fig. 19 (type- locality: India, Calcutta). Lectotype 4 (present designation): “Novara CXXXVIL19. Ancylolomia indica m. Calcutta 6; 146; Ancylolomia capensis v. affinis”, abdomen missing (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 8.0—15.5 mm. Ground-colour of fore- wing light brown; basal stripe very indistinct; silvery streaks indistinct. 3 genitalia (Fig. 9). Uncus with a pair of strong spines on dorsum; costa without process; saccus rounded; aedeagus with apical part inflated and tapering; no cornutus. 2 genitalia (Fig. 8). Papilla analis subovate; two subtriangular, distinct sclerites at the ostium bursae; atrium bursae not differentiated. Distribution: India, throughout; West Pakistan; Ceylon; Persian Gulf; Lower Burma; Thailand; Hainan Island; South China; Java. Discussion. The male genitalia of this species are rather similar to those in A. itubi- rosella. The latter has, however, much stronger horns of the uncus, usually shorter and rather truncate saccus and no rounded, small projections at base of the uncus. The female genitalia of both species are perfectly distinct from each other, as shown in the figures. A. indica is externally indistinguishable from A. bitubirosella and other related species. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 3 4 1 ® West Pakistan, Karachi (BM); 4 G 4 9 Kashmir (BM); 1 & India, Nilghiris (BM); 2 g'° 3 2 India, Oudh (BM); 1 g' India, Poona (BM); 2 g' India, Moghal Sarai (BM); 1 & India, Kutch (BM); 5 g' India, Assam, Margherita (CM and SB); 1 4 India, Goorais Valley (BM); 1 g' India, Bengal (BM); 3 © India, Madras (BM); 4 9 India, Cownpore (BM); 4 d 2 @ Ceylon (BM); 2 & Persian Gulf (BM); 3 & Thailand (BM); 2 & 1 9 Lower Burma (BM); 4 £ 2 9 Hainan Island (CU and SB); 2 & China, Tongking (CU); 2 & Java (LM). Ancylolomia westwoodi westwoodi Zeller Ancylolomia westwoodi Zeller, 1863, Chil. Cramb. Genera et Species: 11 (type-locality: Australia, ? Northern Territory). Type-material: lost. Male antenna lamellate. Externally indistinguishable from A. indica and related species. d' genitalia. Similar to those in A. indica, but dorsal thorns of uncus stouter, uncus without rounded basal projections, saccus rather truncate and shorter. 9 genitalia (Fig. 14). Eighth segment with large, subrounded, wrinkled, ventral plate; atrium bursae with a weak, bilobed sclerite. Distribution. The problem of the identity of this species is rather obscure. Zeller, in his original description cited “Terra van Diemeni” (Tasmania) as the type-locality of westwoodi. However, in Tasmania Ancylolomia does not occur. On the other hand, in Northern Australia there is Van Diemen Cape and Van Diemen Gulf. Most likely the type of A. westwoodi was not clearly labelled and Zeller’s “Terra Van Diemeni” should be located in some area of Northern Australia. I hereby consider the population from Northern Australia and Queensland as belonging to A. westwoodi. Snellen, 1901: 305, cited and illustrated “Ancylolomia westwoodi Z.” from Java, however, this record was a misidentification of another species, which is described in this paper as A. taprobanen- sis javae. Material examined. 1 g* North Australia, Port Darwin (BM); 1 4 3 9 Queensland, Prince of Wales I., I—II.1939, R. G. Wind coll. (CU and SB). 34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Fig. 10—17. Genitalia of Ancylolomia. 10, westwoodi paratype, Philippine Is., Luzon; 12, agraphella & bitubirosella &, Ceylon; 11, orchidea &, , Central Timor; 13, westwoodi bitubirosella OF Ceylon; 14, westwoodi westwoodi 2, paratype, North Queensland, Prince of Wales I.; 15, orchidea ?, paratype, Philippine Is., Luzon; 16, agraphella 9, lectotype, Timor, Oinannisa; 17, laverra &, holotype, Upper Burma, Mandalay S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 35 Ancylolomia westwoodi bitubirosella Amstel, status nov. Ancylolomia bitubirosella Amsel, 1959, Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. 28: 11, Fig. 2 (& antenna), Pl. 1, Fig. 1 (adult), Pl. 3, Fig. 4 (4 genitalia) (type-locality: Iran, Iranshar). Holotype &: “Iran Belutschistan, Iranshar, 800 m. 11.—18.VII.1954. Richter & Schäufele”, genitalia slide without number (MNS). Externally, very similar to the nominate subspecies, except hindwings which are darker. d' genitalia (Fig. 10). Similar to those in nominate subspecies. ® genitalia (Fig. 13). Bilobed sclerite in atrium bursae very distinct. Distribution: Afghanistan; Iran; West Pakistan; India; Ceylon; Celebes; Java; Bali; Malaya; Sumatra. A. westwoodi bitubirosella is rather variable in size, colour, and genitalia; particularly the dorsal thorns of the uncus vary in shape and size. It is difficult to decide whether westwoodi bitubirosella is a subspecies of westwoodi, or a distinct species. Material examined. Holotype, data given above; 3 & Afghanistan (coll. Amsel); 1 G West Pakistan, Karachi (BM); 1 2 India, Nilghiris (BM); 2 & 1 9 India, Bombay (BM); 1 9 India, Moghal Seari (BM); 2 & India, Punjab (BM); 2 G India, Travan- core (BM); 4 & 1 @ Ceylon (BM and SB); 1 8 Malaya, Kuala Lumpur (BM); 1 g 12 Bali (BM); 3 9 Java (BM); 1 9 Sumatra (BM). Ancylolomia orchidea spec. nov. Type-locality: Philippine Islands, Luzon. Holotype g': ‘‘Baguio, Benguet, Luzon, 5000’, 19 April 1912 (A. E. Wileman); Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-I’’, slide 11244- BM (BM). Length of forewing 13.0—18.0 mm; similar to A. bitubirosella, perhaps slightly darker and with stronger olive hue; hindwing grey-brown with white fringes. d' genitalia (Fig. 11). Valva relatively wider with costa more projected than in A. bitubirosella; thorns of uncus about twice as long, much stouter with bases very broad; saccus in some specimens emarginate. 9 genitalia (Fig. 15). Ostium part without bag-shaped sclerites, which are typical of A. bitubirosella; corpus bursae without heavily sclerotized area; ventral plate of eighth segment rather differently shaped than in A. bitubirosella, as shown in the figures. Distribution: Philippine Islands, Luzon. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes 40 G' £, same locality as holo- type, taken in I, IV, V and VI, slide 5534-SB © (BM and SB); 1 & Luzon, Benguet, slide 7368-BM (BM); 1 9 Luzon, Rizal, Montalban, 20.1.1914 (A. E. Wileman) (BM); 29 Luzon, Baguio, 5000’ (CM and SB); 3 © Luzon, Baguio, V—VI.1956 (J. G. Franclemont), slide 5700-SB (CU and SB). Ancylolomia agraphella Hampson Ancylolomia agraphella Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 4: 144 (type-locality: Timor, Oinainisa). Lectotype ® (present designation): “Oinainisa, Nov.-Dec. 1881, W. Doherty; Ancy lolomia agraphella type © Hmpsn.”, slide 7420-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 10.0—12.0 mm. Ground-colour brown; no silvery streaks; subterminal line marked by row of small dark brown specks; discal dot present. Hindwing brownish. 36 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 d' genitalia (Fig. 12). Uncus with dorsal pair of thorns as in A. indica; gnathos with apical part much thinner and longer; valva with apical portion tapering; no costal process; aedeagus narrower, rather similar to that in A. argentata; no cornutus. 9 genitalia (Fig. 16). Eighth segment without pair of triangular sclerites (typical of indica), or large wrinkled plate (typical of bitubirosella); atrium bursae slightly emarginate, broad, well demarcated from corpus bursae. Distribution: Timor. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 1 9 paralectotype, same data, slide 11243-BM (BM); 1 g° Central Timor (SB). Ancylolomia laverna spec. nov. Type-locality: Upper Burma, Mandalay. Holotype g' : “Mandalay, Upper Burma, 13. IV.1900, Col. Bingham, 1901-157”, slide 7358-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 8.5—12.0 mm; in colour and maculation very similar to A. indica and allies. d genitalia (Fig. 17). Dorsal thorns of uncus longer than in indica and much closer to apex of uncus, more arched; base of uncus not projected. 9 genitalia (Fig. 25). Eighth segment without plate or triangular sclerites (typical of bitubirosella or indica); atrium bursae rather heavily sclerotized; corpus bursae lightly sclerotized. Distribution: Upper Burma. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 3 £, same locality as holotype, 13.IV and 20.IX.1900 (Bingham), slides 7404-BM and 5686-SB (BM and SB). Ancylolomia intricata spec. nov. Type-locality: India, Assam, Shillong. Holotype g': “Assam, Shillong, 8.VIII.1909, H. M. Parish, 1909-292”, slide 7371-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 8.0—12.5 mm; colour and maculation similar to those in A. indica and allies, but basal light stripe more distinct. d' genitalia (Fig. 18). Uncus with baso-dorsal knob-shaped, small projection; basal part of costa distinctly thickened; a large, flap-like, subcostal process; juxta plate subovate with apex bifurcate; aedeagus slender, tapering apicad; no cornutus. ® genitalia (Fig. 26). Eighth segment with ventral, large, distinctly notched plate, similar to but much smaller than that in A. taprobanensis; atrium bursae with a pair of distinct sclerites; papilla analis as in zndzca. Distribution: India, Assam. Discussion. This species is easily distinguished by the flap-shaped process of valva and notched plate in the female genitalia. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes 1 4 Assam, Shillong, IX.1893 (SB); 1 & Assam, VI (W. F. Badgley), slide 7377-BM (BM); 1 8 Assam, Rajaori, IX.1887 (J. H. Leech) (BM); 1 @ Assam, Dharmsala (BM); 8 J 1 2 Assam, Margherita, slides 5963-SB, 5964-SB, 5975-SB and 5689-SB (CM and SB). YA S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 erpu] ‘odQered ‘7772974439 ‘TT ‘siseysj ‘erpur ‘soyjeus pue snoun ‘odAyered ‘vuaqruvstigs sisuaurgosdvi ‘OT SuorkaD ‘stsuourgordvt stsuauvgordv1 ‘OT ‘siseyy ‘EIpu] ‘adfj0[oy ‘vyjasapjaf ‘61 ‘wessy ‘vIpur ‘adfo]oy ‘rivorqur ‘ST ‘vewogopksup jo eijewuas oTeN ‘Ie —81 ‘dii 38 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Ancylolomia felderella spec. nov. Type-locality: India, Khasis. Holotype & : “Khasis, Nat. Coll.”, slide 7351-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 11.0—12.0 mm; ground-colour brown; maculation as in A. indica and allies. d' genitalia (Fig. 19). Uncus with basal part much swollen; costa without process; juxta plate with long arms, each of these twice notched; aedeagus as in indica (in the figure shown in dorso-ventral aspect). © unknown. Distribution: India, Khasis and Belgaum. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 2 g' India, Belgaum, VIII— IX.1896 (J. Watson coll.), slides 7400-BM and 7414-BM (BM and SB). Ancylolomia taprobanensis Zeller Ancylolomia taprohanensis Zeller, 1863, Chil. Cramb. Genera et Species: 12 (Type-locality: Ceylon). Holotype &: “Ancylolomia taprobanensis Mon. 12. Ceylon, Dohrn.”, abdomen missing (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 10.5—17.0 mm. Colour and maculation as in A. indica and allies. d' genitalia (Fig. 20). Uncus with dorsal subbasal pair of small spines; costa without process; juxta bilobed; saccus rounded; aedeagus with subapical ventral swelling. 9 genitalia (Fig. 27). Eighth segment with large, deeply notched plate. Distribution: Ceylon; South India. Material examined. Holotype, data given above; 7 4 6 9 Ceylon; 2 g' India, Belgaum (BM and SB). Ancylolomia taprobanensis chrysanthema subspec. nov. Type-locality: India, Khasis. Holotype & : “Khasis, Nat. Coll.; Collection H. J. Elwes”, slide 2565-BM (BM). Externally as the typical form. d' genitalia (Fig. 20a). Uncus more gradually emarginate, with dorsal spines almost reduced; saccus larger than in typical form. ® unknown. Distribution: India, Khasis. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; 2 4 paratypes, Khasis, slides 4880-SB and 5690-SB (BM and SB). Ancylolomia taprobanensis javae subspec. nov. Ancylolomia westwoodi Snellen (nec Zeller), 1901, Tijdschr. Ent. 43: 305, PI. 17, Fig. 8 (adult). Type-locality: Java. Holotype g': “W. Java, Preanger, 5000 vt, 1894 g'”’, slide 6731- SB (LM). Externally as the typical form. d' genitalia. Saccus more rounded and aedeagus distinctly narrower than in the nomi- nate form. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 39 Fig. 22—31. Genitalia of Ancylolomia, 22, argentata &, Ceylon; 23, locupletella &, India, Simla; 24, japonica &, Hainan; 25, laverna 9, paratype, Upper Burma, Mandalay; 26, intricata Q, para- type, India, Assam; 27, taprobanensis taprobanensis Q Ceylon; 28, cervicella Q, paratype, India, Dharmsala; 29, argentata 2, Ceylon; 30, locupletella 2, Ceylon: 31. japonica Q, Hainan 40 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 © genitalia. Plate of eighth segment weaker and less notched than in the nominate form. Distribution: Java. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 2 g' same data as holotype, slides 6732-SB and 6733-SB (LM and SB). Ancylolomia cervicella spec. nov. Ancylolomia argentata Moore, 1886, Lep. Ceyl. 3: 382 (in part). Type locality: Ceylon. Holotype & “Ceylon § 869; Ancylolomia argentata type d Moore”, slide 7320-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 8.5—12.0 mm; colour and maculation similar to those in A. indica, except for basal stripe of forewing, which is slightly more distinct. d genitalia (Fig. 21). Uncus with two very long, spined processes; valva very broad; costa without a process; aedeagus as in A. indica. Q genitalia (Fig. 28). Eighth segment with large, ventral, minutely scobinate fold. Distribution: Ceylon; India, Dharmsala and Campbelpore. Discussion. The holotype of this species is one of the syntypes of A. argentata Moore; argentata is distinct externally from cervicella being reddish brown; in the genitalia, argentata is very distinct, as can be seen in the figures; it belongs to the locupletella group. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes 3 g'° 1 © India, Dharmsala, slides 2283-BM and 7430-BM (BM and SB); 2 g' 1 9 India, Campbelpore, slide 7367- BM (BM and SB); 1 & “Sarbury Coll. 816.128”, slide 7368-BM (BM). Ancylolomia likiangella spec. nov. Type-locality: China, Prov. Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype g': “Li-kiang (China), Provinz Nord-Yuennan, 19.5.1935, H. Hone’, GS- 6613-SB (A. Koenig Museum, Bonn). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 15.0—17.0 mm; in colour and maculation very similar to A. japonica. d' genitalia (Fig. 32). Dorsal thorn of uncus large, on very broad bases; gnathos with broadly rounded apex; juxta very broad with ventral bilobed fold; saccus emarginate. 9 genitalia (Fig. 33). Eighth segment with pair of large, heavily sclerotized, ventral projections. Distribution: China, North Yunnan. Discussion. The new species is very distinct from japonica by the presence of a pair of large thorns on the uncus, large projections of the eighth segment in the female genitalia, and several other structures, as shown in the figures. The species belongs to A. indica group and seems not to be related to A. japonica. The ranges of A. likiangella and japonica do not overlap. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes 1 & 2 9, one 9, slide 6614-SB (Museum A. Koenig, Bonn and SB). 3. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 41 32 58 Fig. 32—33. Genitalia of Arcylolomia likiangella. 32, 4, holotype, China, Yunnan, Li-kiang; 33, Q, paratype, China, Yunnan, Li-kiang Ancylolomia argentata Moore Ancylolomia argentata Moore, 1886, Lep. Ceyl. 3: 382, PI. 184, Fig. 3 (type-locality: Ceylon). Lectotype 4 (present designation): “Moore Coll. 94—106, Ceylon; Ancylolomia argentata type Moore”, slide 2287-BM (BM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 9.0—17.0 mm; ground-colour reddish brown, silvery streaks indistinct. Hindwing brown. d genitalia (Fig. 22). Uncus and gnathos about as long as saccus plus vinculum; costa of valva without process. Q genitalia (Fig. 29). Atrium bursae flat, rather well demarcated from ductus bursae. Distribution: Ceylon; West Borneo. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 17 & 2 Ceylon (BM and SB); 1 3° 1 9 West Borneo, Pontianak (Ander) (BM). 42 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Ancylolomia japonica Zeller Ancylolomia japonica Zeller, 1877, Horae Soc. ent. ross. 13: 24 (type-locality: Japan). Lectotype (selected by Bleszynski, 1965, Microlep. pal. 1: 417) 2: “V. Seebold, Japan”, abdomen missing en chrysographella auct. (nec Zeller) (in part). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 9.5—18.0 mm; colour and maculation rather similar to those in A. indica and allies. g genitalia (Fig. 23). Uncus with single, thin, dorsal process; costa of valva without process. 9 genitalia (Fig. 30). Atrium bursae without sclerites. Distribution: China; Korea; Japan, Honshu, Kiushu, Yakushima; Formosa; Hainan. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; China, 50 & ® (BM, Museum A. Koenig, Bonn; Museum G. Antipa, Bucharest; Canadian National Collection and SB); 10 g' $ Hainan (BM and SB); 2 G' Formosa (SB). Ancylolomia locupletella Chilo locupletellus Kollar, 1844, Hüg. Kaschm. 4: 494 (type-locality: Himalaya, Kashmir, Mas- suri). Lectotype ® (present designation) (VM). Male antenna lamellate. Length of forewing 10.0—20.0 mm; ground-colour brown with olive hue, glossy; white basal stripe distinct; silvery streaks present. Hindwing varying from white to brown. d' genitalia (Fig. 23). Uncus without thorns; costa without process; saccus very short, emarginate. Q genitalia (Fig. 31). Atrium bursae with two subovate sclerites, slightly asymmetrical. Distribution: India; Ceylon. Discussion. A. locupletella is similar to the West Palaearctic A. micropalpella, but can be easily separated by the lamellate male antennae, which are lamellate-pectinate in A. micropalpella. Material examined. Lestotype, data given above; 8 & 9 North India, Darjeeling, Simla, Kutch, Subathu and Kasauli, VI—VII (BM and SB); 5 9 Ceylon (BM and SB). REFERENCES Amsel, H. G., 1959, Microlepidoptera aus Iran. Stutt. Beitr. Naturkunde, 28, 47 pp, 3 figs, 5 pls. Bleszynski, S., zn H. G. Amsel, F. Gregor, H. Reisser, 1965: Microlepidoptera Palaearctica, vol. 1, XLVII + 553 pp, 131 pls, Verlag G. Fromme & Co., Wien. Bleszynski, S. & R. J. Collins, 1962, A short catalogue of the World species of the family Crambidae (Lepidoptera). Acta zool. cracov. 7: 197—389. Felder, C., R. Felder & A. F. Rogenhofer, 1874, Reise der österreichischen Fregate Novara um die Erde. Zoolog. Theil. 2 Band. 2 Abt.: Lepidoptera. Heft 5, pl. 137, Wien. Hampson, G. F., 1896, On the classification of the Schoenobiinae and Crambinae, two subtamilies of moths of the family Pyralidae. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 897—974, 52 figs. , 1919, Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Crambinae and Siginae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 4: 137—154. Kollar, V. & L. Redtenbacher, 1844, Aufzählung und Beschreibung der von Freiherrn Carl von Hügel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und das Himaleygebirge gesammelten Insecten. 4 Band. 2 Abt.: 393—564, 582—586 Register, 28 pls., Stuttgart. Moore, F., 1872, Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872: 555—583, pls. 32—34. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 49 43 Moore, F., 1886, The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Vol. 3: 305—392, pls. 182—195, London. Snellen, P. C. T., 1901, Aanteekeningen over Pyralidae. Tijdschr. Ent. 43: 265—310, pls. 15—17. Swinhoe, C., 1885, On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccan. Part IV. Heterocera (continued). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 852—886, pls. 56, 57. » 1886, On the Lepidoptera of Mhow, in Central India. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 421— 465, pls. 40, 41. Walker, F., 1863, List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 27. Crambites & Tortricites, 286 pp, London. Zeller, P. C., 1863, Chilonidarum et Crambidarum genera et species, 56 pp, Berlin. » 1877, Exotische Microlepidopteren. Horae Soc. ent. ross. 13: 3—493, pls. 1—6. A REVISION OF THE GENUS CULLADIA MOORE (STUDIES ON THE CRAMBINAE, LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE, PART 50) by STANISLAW BLESZYNSKI } ABSTRACT Sixteen species of the genus Culladia Moore are studied and described and their genitalia illustrated. Seven species are described as new. One species is removed from synonymy. One species is transferred from Crambus F. Lectotypes of six species are selected. The genus Culladia has long been in great taxonomic confusion. Like many other Crambinae genera, Culladia was a waste basket for species belonging to several distinct genera. The classical definition of Czlladia, based on the wing venation, was inadequate and required revision. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BM — British Museum (Natural History), London CM — Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. CU — Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. OM — Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada TM — Museum Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren PM — Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris LM — Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden VM — Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna SB — Stanislaw Bleszynski USNM — United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. ZSBM — Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Munich The generic name Culladia was established by Moore, 1886, to replace Walker's name Araxes, pre-occupied by Araxes Stephens, 1834. Araxes Walker, 1863, was erected for four species, admigratella Walk., caesella Walk., celsella Walk., and decursella Walk. Of these, only one, admigratella, which was designated by Moore as the type-species of Culladia, is referable to this genus. Moore placed in C#/ladia three species, admigratella, caesella, and famulella Walk. The latter two were synonymized by the present author (1963: 102), and they belong to Calamotropha Zell. Subsequently, more than twenty species were described and placed in Culladia, or transferred to Culladia from other Crambinae genera, but only few of them are referable to this genus. Hampson (1896a: 924), gave a definition of Culladia, according to which m, in the forewing was coinci- 44 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 45 dent with mg. However, the figure of the wing venation of admigratella given by Hamp- son, shows m, and mg in the forewing as to be distinct and separate. In fact, the presence of my in the forewing has in the genus Culladia only specific value. Most species have m, stalked with ms, but some have m, completely reduced. Similarly, mo in the hindwing may be present, absent, or vestigial. Several records of some species of Culladia, particularly those of admigratella, are useless as pertaining to obvious misidentifications of allied species, and are impossible to verify, due to difficulties in location of the recorded material. C. admigratella was supposed to occur in Asia from Ceylon and India to Indonesia and China, and also in Madagascar. The study of the present author proved that this species is confined to Ceylon. The correct identification of most of the species of this genus makes the study of the genitalia of the specimens concerned necessary. However, good diagnostic characters in the wing venation often help considerably with the identification of the material. The genus Culladia is probably closely related to Pediasia Hbn., being younger phylo- genetically, as is shown by the reduction of the wing venation, a rather advanced feature. The armature of the head in Cwlladia is similar to that of Pediasia. The face is always rounded, without a point, male antenna is serrate, labial palpus porrect, ocellus is always dark and fully developed; chaetosemata present. C#/ladia species are small or of a medium size. The wing venation is generally as in Pediasia, but in the forewing rg is reduced, mg is very short (stalked with r4), m, present or absent, if present, then stalked with mg; the stalk of m, and m, varies in the individual species, it may be very short, moderate, or long. In the hindwing mo is present, absent, or vestigial. In C. serranella it is observed that in some specimens mg is distinct and m, vestigial, and vice versa. The ground colour of the forewing is usually grey, but in three species it is brown. The pattern is usually ill defined, both transverse lines being very faint or reduced. Metallic scales never occur. Discal dot is absent, similar to Pediasia. The abdominal sclerites are, as in the Pediasia group of genera, heavily sclerotized, and the sclerites of the eighth segment have a rather similar shape. I did not notice distinct specific differences in the shape of the sclerites of the eighth abdominal segment. In the male genitalia, the uncus and gnathos are slender, uncus with a small, apical hook, gnathos without such a hook. Uncus is densely clothed with hairs. No specific differences in the shape of uncus and gnathos could be found. The tegumen in most species has a distinct pons (a structure linking both sides of the tegumen), which is found only in some Pediasia species. Vinculum and pseudosaccus very well developed; saccus absent. Pars basalis generally has a rather different armature than that in Pediasia. In that genus the pars basalis is a long hook originating from a baso- dorsal angle of valva. In Cwlladta the pars basalis is always shorter and in most cases divided in two parts, one being the heavily sclerotized baso-dorsal angle of the valva, the other a hook or fold originating from the inner side of the valva. The shape of the pars basalis offers good diagnostic characters, whereas in most species of Pediasia it does not vary at all. Cucullus generally narrow, with long and dense hairs. No ventral process of the valva. Juxta is small with a deep notch, which is not observed in Pediasia. Aedeagus attached to the juxta as in that genus, ductus ejaculatorius departs as in Pediasia. The armature of the apex of the aedeagus is very different, bifurcated into two short or long, thin projections, one of which may be reduced. Only C. dentilinealis does not have these projections. The shape and the length of the projections do not vary much in the in- dividual species, and offer good specific characters. One of the most important diagnostic CH 46 A Wve TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Fig. 1—9. Genitalia of Culladia. 1, achroella 6, Madagascar; 2, inconspicuella & , Ethiopia; 3, troglo- dytella 6, Nigeria; 4, achroella 2, Madagascar; 5, inconspicuella, 9, Ethiopia; 6, elgonella ©, para- type, Kenya; 7, serranella 9, paratype, South Africa; 8, admigratella 9 Ceylon; 9, hastiferalis 2, Sumatra S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 47 characters are the number and the shape of the cornuti, which often have peculiar shapes. In most species of Pediasia there is only one cornutus. In the female genitalia, several CxI- ladia have a long, scobinate signum, which never occurs in Pediasia. The shape of the papilla analis and of the eighth abdominal segment are similar. Eighth segment is linked to the ostium bursae by a very delicate membrane, as in Pediasia. The ductus seminalis departs very close to the ostium bursae, as in Pediasia. The atrium bursae contains often asym- metrical sclerites, which never occur in Pediasia. Moreover, in many species there is a distinct membraneous bag-shaped projection near the ostium bursae (not found in any Pediasia). Abdomen in females is furnished apically with very broad scales, not found in Pediasia. Culladia is also close to Culladiella Blesz. from tropical Africa. The aedeagus in Culla- diella has no apical projections, and the female genitalia have no subostial bag-shaped projection; moreover, in the forewing mg is free. The Neotropical Neoculladia Blesz. is externally very similar to C#/ladia. In the fore- wing rf, and ry are connate or shortly stalked (free in Culladia), and mg is absent in both fore- and hindwing. The valva in Neoculladia has a long ventral process and differently shaped pars basalis; the female genitalia are also different (cf. Bleszynski, 1967). However, in spite of considerable differences of the genitalia, Czlladia and Neo- culladia seem to be rather closely related. Another genus which seems to be close to Cwlladza is Ptochostola Meyr., the type of which is dimidiatella Meyr. (junior synonym of microphaeella Walk.) from Australia. In Piochostola juxta is strongly elongated. The discrimination of females in Ptochostola is problematical. Jt should be noted that the South African Prochostola metascotiella Hinps. belongs to a distinct, still undescribed genus. Microcrambon Blesz. from Reunion and Seychelles Is., the Neotropical Microcrambus Blesz. and Tortriculladia Blesz. are probably also closely related to Culladia. Most species of Culladia are distributed over South and East Asia; another, but smaller, centre lies in tropical Africa. Some species are widely distributed. C. inconspicuella Snell. is known from East and West Africa, but also from the Seychelles Is. C. achroella occurs along East Africa from Sudan to Natal, and in Madagascar, Mauritius, and Reunion. C. serranella Hmps. is distributed in India and in the Philippine Is. So far, no data on the biology and the early stages of any Culladia are known. A list of species described in Cwlladta but subsequently transferred to other genera is found at the end of the present paper. Four new species from South Asia, represented by single specimens, will be described when more material has been found. Culladia Moore Araxes Walker, 1863, List, Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 192 (preocc.). Culladia Moore, 1866, Lep. Ceyl. 3: 383 (new name for Araxes Walk., type-species: Araxes admigratella Walker, 1863, selected by Moore, 1886: 382). Crambidion Mabille 1899, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68: 748 (type-species: Crambidion achroellum Mabille, by monotypy). (Synonymized by Shibuya, 1928: 44). Culladia achroella (Mabille) Crambidion achroellum Mabille, 1899, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68: 748 (type-locality: Madagascar). Lectotype & (present designation): Madagascar, Antongil, slide 4008-Viette (MHNP). 48 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Culladia achroellum: Bleszynski & Collins, 1962, Acta zool. cracov. 7: 288. Culladia admigratella: auct. (nec Walker) (in part). Length of forewing 6.0—8.5 mm. Ground-colour varying from grey to grey brown, variably dusted with brown scales; subterminal line delicate, often reduced; dentate; median line ill defined, marked by some irregular dark specks; area between the two transverse lines often whitish; m, and m, on a rather long stalk. Hindwing with mo distinct, long. d' genitalia (Fig. 1). Aedeagus with two distinct apical thin projections, one distinctly protruding beyond the other; two very thin, long cornuti, one longer than the other; small patch of tiny spikes; pars basalis curved almost vertically to costa of valva. Q genitalia (Fig. 4). Subostial bag large, with a rather distinct sclerite, which is, however, much reduced or even absent in some specimens; sig num absent; corpus bursae extending to 4th abdominal segment. Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Democratic Republic of the Congo; South Africa; Madagascar; Mauritius; Reunion. Discussion. This species shows considerable variation in size, coloration, and maculation. The shape and size of the subostial bag-shaped projection in the female genitalia are also variable. C. achroella is externally virtually indistinguishable from C. inconspicualla and troglodytella, being easily distinguished by the genitalia of both sexes. C. inconspicnalla has a range overlapping that of achroella; in the female genitalia it has a distinct signum and in the male genitalia the pars basalis is differently twisted, as is shown in the figures; the problem of troglodytella is more complicated (see discussion under troglodytella). All records of C. admigratella from the African Region are referable either to C. achroella or to C. inconspicnella. Some large specimens of C. achroella can be confused with C. e/go- nella (for details see discussion under e/gonella). Material examined. Lectotype, data given above. Sudan, Hudeiba, I, III, VIII, 34 g' 9 (ZSBM nd SB); Ethiopia, Gembi, 1500 m, XI 3, & (ZSBM and SB); Tanzania, Nyassa Lake 1 $ (VM); Kenya 1 & (BM); Congo, Elisabethville 2 ¢ 5 9 (BM, TM and SB); Rwankwi, North Lake Kivu 7 g 9, I, IV, XI (TM and SB); South Africa, Natal, Durban 2 G 1 9 (BM and SB); Pondoland 1 & (BM); Mauritius 1 & (BM); Madagascar 3 & 4 © (BM, PM and SB); Reunion 1 & (BM). Culladia inconspicuella (Snellen) Crambus inconspicuellus Snellen, 1872, Tijd. Ent. (2) 7: 102, PI. 8, Fig. 5 (type-locality: West Africa, Guinea, Banana). Holotype 4: “Afrika, Banana, v. Woerden 4; Museum Leiden, holotype. 1958, Crambus inconspicuellus Snellen, selected by E. G. Munroe; type; slide 3384-Leiden” (MNHL). Culladia inconspicuella: Hampson, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 939. Culladia admigratella: Hampson (nec Walker), 1908, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 1: 480. Externally, virtually indistinguishable from C. achroella; forewing always grey. d' genitalia (Fig. 2). Pars basalis twisted ventrad; apical projections of aedeagus about equal in length; one large, strongly curved cornutus, another long, straight cornutus with a heavily sclerotized basal extension and a small spined patch near apex of aedeagus. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 49 Q genitalia (Fig. 5). Subostial projection larger than in C. achroella, without a distinct sclerite; ostium much larger than in C. achroella; signum distinct. Distribution: Ivory Coast; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ethiopia; Kenya; Congo; Seychelles Is. Discussion. C. troglodytella has hitherto been generally considered as a junior synonym of inconspicuella; however, there is no justification for this opinion, because at least three Culladia species occur on the west coast of Africa, two of which are externally in- distinguishable from each other. The type of C. troglodytella has abdomen missing. This species is easily distinguished by the presence of a signum and by the ventrad curved pars basalis. Material examined. Holotype, data given above; Ivory Coast, Bingerville, VI—X, 22 d' ® (BM and SB); Sierra Leone, Freetown, VII, 4 $ (BM and SB); Kenya, Mombasa 3 8 (CU and SB); Ethiopia, Gembi 1 & (SB); Congo, Masembe and Masadi, IX, 2 & (TM); Seychelles Is. 1 & (BM). Culladia troglodytella (Snellen) Crambus troglodytellus Snellen, 1872, Tijdschr. Ent. (2) 7: 103, PI. 8, Fig. 6 (type-locality: West Africa, Guinea). Lectotype 4 (present designation): “Afrika, Ned. Guinea, v. Woerden”, abdomen missing (MNHL). Culladia inconspicuella: auct. (nec Snellen) (in part). Smaller than C. inconspicuella, otherwise similar to this species. d' genitalia (Fig. 3). Pars basalis more than twice as large and as long as in C. incon- spicuella, strongly curved dorsad, at base not divided; one long cornutus. Q unknown. Distribution: Guinea; ? Nigeria. Comments. I consider tentatively one g' from Nigeria as referable to the present species. Some females from Ghana and Kenya may be conspecific with the male from Nigeria. They have rather heavily sclerotized ductus bursae and differently shaped subostial bag. Material examined. Nigeria 1 & (SB). Culladia elgonella spec. nov. Type-locality: Kenya, Mt. Elgon. Holotype g': “Mt. Elgon, K. C. Oct. 1950. E. Pin- hey”, slide 7561-BM (BM). Length of forewing 8.5—12.0 mm; ground-colour light brown, pattern ill defined or reduced; m, and m, on a short stalk. Hindwing with m, vestigial. d' genitalia (Fig. 10). Pars basalis divided in costal part; apical projections of aedeagus very short; apex of aedeagus densely spined; one slender cornutus, varying in length, and another cornutus, very small. 9 genitalia (Fig. 6). Ostium large; subostial bag-shaped projection much constricted at base, with a moderate, scobinate sclerite, which tends to be reduced in some specimens; no signum; corpus bursae extends to sixth abdominal segment. Distribution: Kenya; Uganda; Congo; Cameroon. Discussion. The new species is distinct from C. achroella and allies by brown coloration of the forewing, spined apex of the aedeagus, shorter cornuti, the absence of a constriction of the subostial projection, shorter ductus bursae, and other details as shown in the 50 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 figures. This species is similar in genitalia to C. serranella from South Africa (for details, see discussion under serranella). Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 5 &' Kenya, Mt. Elgon, X.1950 (E. Pinhey), slides 5432-SB, 5513-SB (BM and SB); 1 & 1 9 Kenya, Limuru, IX.1950 (Pinhey & Mitton), slide 5873-SB 9 (BM); 4 & Kenya, Mt. Kenya, Ragati, 6800 ft. 22.VIII.1941 (J. A. Riley), slides 11271-BM (venation), 11272-BM (BM and SB); 2 © Kenya, Eb Urru, 18.VII.1900 (C. S. Betton), slide 5862-SB (BM and SB); 2 g Kenya, Mt. Kenya, Nyere (Aluaud & Jeannel), 1.1912 (PM); 2 g° Uganda, Ruwenzori Range, Fort Portal and Ibanda, 4700—5000 ft., IX, XII and 1.1935 and 1952 (BM); 5 g Congo, North Lake Kivu, Rwankwi, I, IV and XI.1947—1948 (Mme Leroy), slides 6176-SBg', 6194-SB 9, 6197-SB 9, 6312-SB (TM and SB); 76 & 9, Came- roon, Manns Quelle, 7400 ft., I.II.1932 (M. Steele), slides 6289-SB 9, 6290-SB 9 ; 6291-SB 9, 6135-SBg, 6136-SBG and 11311-BM (BM and SB); 2 g° Mt. Cameroon, Musake, 6350 ft., I.1932 (M. Steele) (BM). Culladia serranella spec. nov. Type-locality: South Africa, Cape Colony. Holotype & : “Zuurberg, C. Colony (Bair- stow), 1901-224”, slide 11269-BM (BM). Externally similar to C. elgonella but more greyish in colour. d' genitalia (Fig. 11). Distinct from those in C. e/gonella as having only slight scobination on the apical part of the aedeagus, always two distinct cornuti, and generally stouter pars basalis. © genitalia (Fig. 7). Ostium very narrow, subostial projection large, without sclerite and without the basal constriction typical of C. elgonella. Distribution: South Africa. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 6 & Cape Colony, Zuuberg (Bairstow), slides 5440-SB, 5995-SB (BM and SB); 4 g° Cape Colony, Simons Town, X.1894 (P. de la Garde) (BM and SB); 4 & 3 9 Cape Colony, Mossel Bay, VIII, XII and 1.1932—1935 (R. E. Turner), slides 7888-BM 4, 11267-BM 9, 11268-BM (venation), 6287-SB (BM and SB); 2 g' 1 ® Cape Colony, Ceres, slides 11233-BM © and 5866-SB® (BM and SB); 14 & 9 Cape Colony, Swekendam, slides 6286-SB 9 and 6288-SBQ (BM and SB); 2 & South Africa, Annshaw, slides 11270-BM and 5589-SB (BM and SB); 1 9: “Capstadt” (SB); 1 & South Africa, Grahamstown (BM); 1 g': “Cape 97-185” (BM); 1 2: “Nordhoek Cape of Good Hope 5.V.64” (BM). Culladia admigratella (Walker) Araxes admigratella Walker, 1863, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 192 (type-locality: Ceylon). Lectotype & (present designation): “Ceylon; 57/48”, slide 1387-BM (BM). Culladia admigratella: Moore, 1886, Lep. Ceyl. 3: 383. Externally, very similar to C. achroella. In forewing m, and m, on a rather long stalk. In hindwing my long, distinct. d' genitalia (Fig. 12). Pars basalis divided, costal fold narrow, larger lobe large, rounded, on a narrow stem; aedeagus with one very long apical projection; cornutus absent. uoznT “sy surddripryq ‘ssypvofusvg ‘ST ‘enewuns ‘adKopoy ‘vim pr ‘wessy ‘erpur ‘dojo ‘oppawuvsso “ET Swohay ‘ryporraBiupr TI ‘erv ymos ‘adMopoy ‘ryjouvssss ‘11 ‘eus ‘od4ojoy rpzuodja OT wepvypnD JO eıpepuad fen ‘SI—-0I ‘BI 51 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 52 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 Q genitalia (Fig. 8). Subostial projection without sclerite; ostium with two semi- circular, very indistinct sclerites; ductus bursae reduced; corpus bursae very long without a signum. Distribution: Ceylon. Discussion. As far as I know, all records of this species except those from Ceylon are referable to other Culladia species. The Swinhoe record of C. admigratella from Borneo (1900: 416) was based on the type of C. hastiferalis. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 6 & 9 paralectotypes, Ceylon, slides 7101-BM G and 7102-BM 9 (one with abdomen missing) (BM); 8 d 2 Ceylon (BM and SB). Culladia assamella spec. nov. Type-locality: India, Assam, Margherita. Holotype g': “Margherita, Assam. Coll. Doherty, 1888; Holland Collection”, slide 5982-SB (CM). Externally similar to admigratella, except venation. In forewing m, absent, in hind- wing mo absent. g genitalia (Fig. 13). Pars basalis divided, spine long, curved, slightly sigmoid; aedeagus with one short apical projection and a distinct, subapical dorsal projection clothed with numerous, delicate bristles; one long, slender, slightly bent cornutus. Q unknown. Distribution: India, Assam. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 2 S same data as holotype, slide 5897-SB (CM and SB); 1 g Upper Assam, 1800 ft. (Doherty), slide 11236-BM (BM). Culladia miria spec. nov. Type-locality: Sumatra. Holotype & : “F. 11.1894, Sumatra Sockar D.”, slide 5334-SB (SB). Externally similar to admigratella; smaller (length of forewing 5.5 mm). Wing- venation as in admigratella, m; in hindwing long. 3 genitalia (Fig. 14). Distinct from those of C. admigratella and allies by strong, narrow, tape’ing, curved ventrad pars basalis; aedeagus with two distinct apical pro- jections, one of which much longer than the other; cornutus absent. ® unknown. Distribution: Sumatra. Type-material. Holotype, data given above. Culladia hastiferalis (Walker) comb. nov. Scopula hastiferalis Walker, 1865, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 34: 1473 (type-locality: Borneo, Sarawak). Lectotype 2 (present designation): “SAR”, slide 7541-BM (BM). Culladia admigratella: Swinhoe (nec Walker), 1900, Cat. Eastern Austral. Lep.: 416. In colour and maculation virtually indistinguishable from admigratella and allies. How- ever, the wing-venation has very unusual combination of m, missing in the forewing and present in the hindwing. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 53 d' genitalia (Fig. 15). Pars basalis distinctly subdivided into a strong basal lobe and a strongly dorsad-curved, large, tapering, pointed spine; aedeagus with two distinct apical projections, one much shorter than the other; one cornutus very long, tapering, sharply pointed, and rather curved and another short, very broad, also curved and slightly tapering; a patch of very tiny apical cornuti present. 9 genitalia (Fig. 9). Subostial projection long, at base with indistinct patch of scobi- nations; atrium bursae with two rounded, minutely spined swellings; signum distinct. Distribution: Borneo; Sumatra; Java; Celebes; Moluccas; New Guinea; Formosa; Philippine Is., Luzon. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; lectoparatypes: 4 9: “SAR”, one, slide 7103-BM (BM); 6 G 13 © Sumatra (LM and SB); 1 & Java (SB); 2 & Celebes (BM and SB); 2 ¢ Schouten Is., Dutch New Guinea (OM and SB); 1 ¢ Philippine Is., Luzon, Mt. Makiling (BM); 24 Moluccas, Ternate, 10.11.1954 (A. H. G. Alston) (BM); 1 & 1 @ Formosa (BM). Culladia hanna spec. nov. Type-locality: New Britain: Holotype g': “Rain Forest nr. Keravat, New Britain, Nov. 7.1957, Munroe & Holland”, slide 5076-SB (OM). Externally similar to C. hastiferalis, except for the presence of mg in the forewing, stalked with m3. d' genitalia (Fig. 16). Pars basalis, a rather short, tapering, twisted ventrad hook; aedeagus very thick, with two distinct apical rods; one very large, strongly curved cornutus, with a broad, projected base, one shorter and very thin; and two tiny cornuti. Q genitalia (Fig. 18). Subostial projection distinct, with a very large, delicately spined sclerite in form of a bent fold; ductus bursae very thin; signum present. Distribution: New Britain; New Guinea; Hainan; Java; Sumatra; St. Matthias I.; Solomon Is. Type-material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 2 & 2 9 same locality as holotype, one, slide 5077-SB & (OM and SB); 4 g 1 2 St. Matthias I., VI—VII.1923 (A. F. Eichhorn), slides 5456-SB g, 5814-SB 9, 5783-SB (venation) (BM and SB); 6 & 1 2 Hainan, Taipinshi, VIII.1905, slides 5782-SBg and 5764-SBQ (BM and SB); 1 9 Sumatra, XI, slide 5259-SB (SB); 1 & Sumatra, Fort de Kock, 920 m, IV. 1921 (E. Jacobson) (LM); 2 9 Java, Batavia (LM); 1 & Java, Pekalongan (LM); 1 g West Java, slide 4390-SB (SB); 1 4 New Guinea, 17.IX, slide 4389-SB (SB); 2 @ Solomon Is. III—IV.1944 (J. G. Franclemont), slides 5847-SB and 5854-SB (CU and SB). Culladia tonkinella spec. nov. Type-locality: China, Tonkin. Holotype g': “Hoa Binh Tonkin (De Cooman)”, slide 5435-SB (PM). In colour and maculation similar to C. hastiferalis and allies; m, in fore- and hindwing absent. d' genitalia (Fig. 17). Pars basalis, a very short, finger-shaped process at two-sevenths from base of valva; aedeagus thick with two short apical projections, one distinctly longer than the other; several thin cornuti. 54 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, NUR N ENT TH Gr 1970 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 55 ® genitalia (Fig. 19). Subostial projection distinct, without sclerite; ostium with a scobinate, rather heavily sclerotized patch; signum present. Distribution: China, Tonkin; Java; Sumatra. Type-material. Holotype g', data given above; paratypes 2 G' 1 9 same data as holo- type, slides 5770-SB G and 5771-SB 9 (PM and SB); 1 g' Java, Bogor, 20.IX.1954 (A. H. Alston), slide 11277-BM (BM); 1 g' Sumatra, Fort de Kock, IX.1921 (E. Ja- cobson) (LM). Culladia evae spec. nov. Type-locality: Philippine Is., Luzon. Holotype © : ‘Manila, Luzon, 15 November 1913 (A. E. Wileman)”, genitalia preserved in a gelatine capsule (BM). Similar to C. hastiferalis and allies; in forewing m, absent; in hindwing m, absent, as in C. tonkinella. 9 genitalia (Fig. 20). Distinct from those in hastiferalis and allies by broad ductus bursae; subostial projection present, without sclerite; atrium bursae broad, delicately wrinkled and scobinate; ductus bursae wrinkled; no signum. d unknown. Distribution: Philippine Is.; Java; New Guinea; Hainan; Palau Is. Examined material. Holotype, data given above; paratypes: 1 9 Philippine Is., Luzon, Rizal, Montalban, 7.1.1914 (A. E. Wileman) (BM); 1 9 Luzon, Mt. Makiling (Baker) (SB); 3 @ Philippine Is., Los Banos (Baker), slides 5841-SB, 5860-SB and 57861-SB (USNM); 2 2 Hainan, Nodoa, slides 5069-SB and 5843-SB (CU and SB); 1 9 Palau Is., Koror, 4.V.1957, slide 5161-SB (OM); 2 9 Java, slide 5812 (LM); 2 9 Dutch New Guinea, Ajamaroe, Vogelkop, VI.1952 (L. D. Brongersma & W. J. Roosdorp), slides 5838-SB and 5834-SB (OM, LM). This species is dedicated to my wife, Eva. Culladia suffusella Hampson Culladia suffusella Hampson, 1896, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 925 (type-locality: India, Nilghi- ris). Lectotype & (present designation): “Nilgiris, Hampson Coll. 89—129”, slide 7542-BM (BM). Length of forewing 7.3—10.5 mm; ground-colour brown; m, absent. In hindwing my absent. d' genitalia (Fig. 25). Pars basalis, a strongly tapering and curved, oblique hook; aedeagus armed with two asymmetrical, apical spines; one small cornutus. Q genitalia (Fig. 21). Ostium bursae with an ill defined, heavily sclerotized patch; subostial projection present, slightly sclerotized; signum absent. Distribution: India; Philippine Is. Discussion. This species was based on an unspecified number of specimens from India, Nilghiris, and Madagascar. I could not trace the Madagascar syntypes in the collection of the British Museum (N.H.); they obviously belonged to C. achroella. Fig. 16-24. Genitalia of Calladia and Ptochostola. 16, C. hanna &, paratype, New Guinea; 17, C. tonkinella 3, paratype, China, Tonkin; 18, C. hanna ®, paratype, Sumatra; 19, C. tonkinella 9, paratype, China, Tonkin; 20, C. evae 9, paratype, New Guinea; 21, C. suffusella 9, Philippine Is. Luzon; 22, C. cuneiferella 9, Norfolk I.; 23, C. dentilinealis 2, Nepal; 24, Ptochostola asaphes ®, syntype, North Australia 56 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 57 Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; lectoparatypes: 3 Q India, Nilghiris (BM and SB); 3 ® South India, Uttamapalayam, X-XI (BM and SB); 1 g Nepal (ZSBM); 20 & @ Philippine Is., Luzon, Benguet, XI-XII (A. E. Wileman) (BM and SB). Culladia cuneiferella (Walker) Crambus cuneiferellus Walker, 1863, List Spec. lep. Ins. B.M. 27: 175 (type-locality: Sydney). Lectotype & (selected by Bleszynski, 1966: 486): “Sidney 47/73”, abdomen missing (BM). Ptochostola cuneiferella: Bleszynski & Collins, 1962? Acta zool. cracov. 7: 348. Culladia cuneiferella: Bleszynski, 1966, Acta zool. cracov. 11: 486. Similar to C. suffusella; some specimens with a longitudinal, light stripe in forewing; m, in fore- and hindwing present. d' genitalia (Fig. 26). Pars basalis, a strong, oblique, tapering, finger-shaped process with rounded apex; aedeagus with two apical tapering flaps; a rather short, straight cornutus and another bifurcate cornutus. Q genitalia (Fig. 22). Ostium bursae faintly scobinate; subostial projection long, with two ill defined, rather heavily sclerotized patches; ductus bursae very long; no signum. Distribution: Australia, New South Wales; New Caledonia; Norfolk Is.; New Hebrides; Loyalty Is. Turner also recorded this species from North Australia and Queens- land. Discussion. This species is similar externally to Prochostola asaphes Turner (genitalia Fig. 24), from North Australia, which, however, has no m, in the fore- and hindwing. The generic position of P. asaphes is obscure, since only a female of this species is known. Perhaps it too is a member of Culladia. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; lectoparatypes: 2 9 (abdomens missing), Sydney (BM); 9 G £ Sydney I-V, X (BM and SB); 18 4 £ Norfolk Is. V-VII.1939 (L. McCormish) (BM and SB); 3 @ New Hebrides, Aneityum and Santo (BM and SB); 1 9 Loyalty Is., E. Lifu I. (BM); 2 Q New Caledonia, Puebo X.1940 (L. E. Cheesman) (BM). Culladia paralytica (Meyrick) comb. nov. Crambus paralyticus Meyrick, 1932, Exotic Microlep. 4: 245 (type-locality: Fiji, Lautoka). Lecto- type & (present designation): “Fiji Is. Lautoka, 10.VIII.1927, H. Phillips; Crambus paralyticus sp.n. E. Meyrick det.”, slide 5549BM (BM). Length of forewing 7.0 mm; mg stalked with mg; ground-colour dirty white, transverse lines indistinct. In hindwing m, present. d' genitalia (Fig. 27). Pars basalis resembling that in C. admigratella, but broader at base; cucullus rather broad; aedeagus with one apical projection; one large, sigmoid cornutus and another very small. 9 genitalia not studied. Distribution: Fiji. Discussion. This species was based on four specimens; of these, 1 g'° and 1 2 are Fig. 25—28. Male genitalia of Culladia. 25, suffusella, Philippine Is. Luzon; 26, cuneiferella, Norfolk I.; 27, paralytica, lectotype, Fiji; 28, dentilinealis, Nepal 58 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 1, 1970 preserved in the British Museum (N.H.); I was unable to locate the remaining two syn- types. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 1 @ paralectotype, Fiji, slide 5624- BM (location of slide unknown). Culladia dentilinealis Hampson Culladia dentilinealis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 286 (type-locality: India, Punjab). Lectotype ® (present designation): “Simla, 7000 ft. Aug. 98, Pilcher”, slide 7149-BM (BM). Length of forewing 7.5—10.0 mm; grey, with basal area darkened; subterminal line dentate, white, distinct; m, present. In hindwing mo present. d' genitalia (Fig. 28). Valva with a long, tapering, curved hook originating from the ventral part of base of valva; aedeagus without apical projections; a very long, thin cornutus and a sigmoid, long row of small cornuti. 9 genitalia (Fig. 23). Atrium bursae bulbose, lightly sclerotized; subostial projection absent; ductus bursae with minute scobinations in middle part; no signum. Distribution: Punjab; Nepal. Material examined. Lectotype, data given above; 1 © lectoparatype, same data, abdomen missing; 8 g' Q Nepal, Prov. 3 East, Junbesi, VII.1964 (W. Dierl) (ZSBM and SB). Culladia albimedialis Hampson Culladia albimedialis Hampson, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 276 (type-locality: Queens- land). Holotype &: “Peak Downs 87—88; Culladia albimedialis type 6 Tmpsn.”, abdomen missing. Forewing pale brown yellowish with a costal white stripe; mo stalked; in hindwing mo absent. It is impossible to define the generic position of this species, as the unique type- specimen lacks the abdomen. LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED in Culladia MOORE, BUT TRANSFERRED TO OTHER CRAMBINAE GENERA Culladia belliferens Dyar, 1914, Mexico, referable to Tortriculladia Blesz. Culladia bipunctella Wileman & South, 1917, Formosa, referable to Modestza Blesz. Culladia castrella Schaus, 1922, Brazil, referable to Microcrambus Blesz. Culladia eucosmella Dyar, 1914, Panama, referable to Tortriculladia Blesz. Culladia francescella Schaus, 1922, West Indies, referable to Microcrambus Blesz. Culladia habanella Schaus, 1922, Cuba, referable to Fisszcrambus minuellus (Walk.). Culladia innotalis Hampson, 1919, China, referable to Pseudocatharylla Blesz. Culladia irroralis Hampson, 1919, Kenya, referable to Epzchilo Rag. Culladia niphosella Hampson, 1908, Trinidad, referable to Microcrambus Blesz. Culladia psythiella Schaus, 1913, Costa Rica, referable to Microcrambus Blesz. Culladia mignonette Dyar, 1914, French Guyana, referable to Tortriculladia Blesz. Culladia sinuimargo Hampson, 1919, Transvaal, referable to Culladiella Blesz. S. BLESZYNSKI: Crambinae, part 50 59 Culladia sordidella Marion, 1957, Dahomey, referable to Caffrocrambus Blesz. Culladia szetschwanella Caradja, 1931, China, referable to Modestia Blesz. REFERENCES -Bleszynski, S., 1965, Studies on the Crambinae (Lepidoptera), Part 43. Further taxonomic notes on some tropical species. Acta zool. cracov. 11: 451—497, pls. 40, 41, 55 figs. , 1967, Studies on the Crambinae (Lepidoptera). Part 44. New Neotropical genera and species. Preliminary check-list of Neotropical Crambinae. Acta zool. cracov. 12: 39—110, pls. 11—14, 80 figs. , 1970, New genera and species of Crambinae (Studies on the Crambinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) Part 48). Tijdschr. Ent. 111—26, 48 figs. Hampson, G. F., 1896, On the classification of the Schoenobiinae and Crambinae, two subfamilies of moths, of the family Pyralidae. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 897—974, 52 figs. —, 1908, On the moths collected during the cruise of the “Vachalla” during the winter 1905— 06 by Mr. E. G. B. Meade-Waldo. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 1: 474—492. —, 1919, Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Crambinae and Siginae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 3: 275—292. Mabille, P., 1899, Lepidoptera nova Malgassica et Africana. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 68: 723—753. Meyrick, E., 1932, Exotic Microlepidoptera 4: 193—252. Moore, F., 1886, Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 305—392, pls. 172—195, London. Shibuya, J., 1928, The systematic study of the Formosan Pyralidae. J. Fac. agric. Hokkaido Univ. 22: 1—1300, pis. 1-9. Snellen, P. C. T., 1872, Bijdrage tot de Vlinder-fauna van Neder-Guinea. Tijdschr. Ent. 15: 1—110. pls. 1-8. Swinhoe, C., 1900; Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heteocera in the collection of the Oxford University Museum. Part II. VI + 630 pp, 18 pls., Oxford. Walker, F., 1863, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part. 27, Crambites and Tortricites, 286 pp., London. di A ij O tal en TT prie) mt ey 0 | u Er. ak hé re agi FN id staan A de pre Den ve a LA ath i Bi N erate Bund là ST NOT is fee hee? er PAPE 7 on ! EMETTE, | Re I TE = 4 ò = Mi ae ME a a SPA n i 7 LE È & è ri a= NG MUS. COMP. ZOOL. LIBRARY, DEEL 113 AFLEVERING 2 MER, 1970 HARVARD UNIVERSITY TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD R. H. CoBBEN. — Morphology and taxonomy of Intertidal Dwarfbugs (Heteroptera : Omaniidae fam. nov.), pp. 61—90, Figs. 1—13. NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) . J hy Gi Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter Besten) RI VA EDes Secretaris, ((Secketaty) E E W. Hellinga Adressen menne . . . . . . Weesperzijde 23 II, Amsterdam-O. Penningmeester (Treasurer) . TA Fi RENTE TK Dos Address A . . à « Van Baerlestraat 261, Amsterdam Bibliothecaris ee) REITER CHAT En cekell Address > = 0 . « Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O. eden (Members), swans um VA mans A EH Besenies 2 AFDELING VOOR TOEGEPASTE ENTOMOLOGIE (DIVISION OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY) BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) . » . . . . =. A.F. H. Besemer Sectctanism(sectetaty) NT OT EN L. P. S. van der Geest Address . . =: « + « … +» ++ « Mauritskade 69 À, Amsterdam Leden (Members) IL. Bravenboer, je J. Laarman JBM van Dien Publicaties van de Vereeniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or directly from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O., except for Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, which is available through booksellers or from the Noord-Holland Editing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editing Board). . . . . . . Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, C. A. W. Jeekel, M. A. Lieftinck, J. T. Wiebes Address . . . . . . . . . . „Röüksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350—400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. MONOGRAFIEEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING Redactie (Editing Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors série: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al, 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs, 2 pl., map. D.FI. 60.—. No. 1. A. J. Besseling, 1964. — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille, 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp., 333 figs., D.Fl. 30—. MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF INTERTIDAL DWARF- BUGS (HETEROPTERA : OMANIIDAE FAM. NOV.) *) by R. H. COBBEN Laboratory of Entomology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands ABSTRACT The present revision of Omania has resulted in the following classification: Omania coleoptrata Horväth 1915, Corallocoris (gen. nov.) marksae (Woodward 1958) (= samoensis (Kellen 1960) syn. nov.), C. satoî (Miyamoto 1963), C. nauruensis (Herring & Chapman 1967). Omania Hor- vath 1915 is raised to family rank (Omaniidae fam. nov.) on the basis of egg, larval, external and internal adult structures of the species reviewed. New distributional and habitat records, and a key are given. Characteristics described include the mouthparts, salivary pump, pharynx pump, meta- thoracic scent-gland, grasping structure of the male and genital organs. Data from other families are compared. The relationship of Omaniidae to other leptopodoid families is schematized in an evolutionary diagram. CONTENTS Introduction MEAN Ab RI berber RE ue annie RS a O2 IRELAXONOMNYMONELENEra andy species 6 NO 02 (GÉTÉTA TT e N SE Poy IO go LAA VE RENT Rr O2 SPECIES IN MAMA RIT MON Me EEEN OA Keyatonspecies based ontexternalMcharacters LE 168 TEA GVA CR RE ORE ESTE fe II un e e ti RES PS CS 69, Fabia Sa EAU, RO aaa Ale a Mz II. Morphology, taxonomic rank and phylogeny of the group. . . . . . . +. 73 egg Li SUS Me a er 73 9 VAN FR A SRO STAI CONTI ENT Al EN NE I RI EE Nt Oz MOEN Oe zi ooo ze Tl head external Mer IE Bag ge Re VE be oren Wte ee RTS internal Ae I a en ATEN NEZ Paty Ose pet Clee Eg ED TD styletssandBleversann ME en Tee AOS Salivaryapump we MTA Sh e APA ARTE NEEN EE IT SO metathoraciguscent-cland RT PONS CENSURE ER 80. WE en Bent BUR So AE LE be BEVAT Eer NEN AREA TT Pl reed abdomen tamed ean ENE ENEN er Ra AOC EI Pregenitalestructures ET TL genitalbstruckuresue ENE EAA NE NNS 3, femal pegs sets SA et nde NI MARTE ee oi ee le Goneludins@remarksun rn u ie EN EEE inde NEN ee ANNO RSG TINEAcknowledgementsuentue Rennen LA MATE LS VTE EAT 2e a SO WABI TECA LELLA O ENNE EEE Ante 7. HATE OAT aie AI OEREN OO) *) Dedicated to the Dutch hemipterist Dr. H. C. Blöte on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 61 62 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 INTRODUCTION Omania species are minute (1.2—1.6 mm) and live secretively in the intertidal zone. Hence they have been rarely collected in the past. Only five species have been described: 1. O. coleoptrata Horváth 1915 (Oman Gulf and Red Sea), 2. O. marksae Woodward 1958 (NE Australia), 3. O. samoensis Kellen 1960 (Samoa, Polynesia), 4. O. sato; Miyamoto 1963 (Japan), 5. O. naurnensis Herring & Chapman 1967 (Nauru, Micro- nesia). These tiny dark bugs superficially resemble Schizopteridae, but certainly have no phy- logenetic relationship with them. Since the genus was erected, Omania has been placed in Saldidae. Arguments will be given below to establish it in a separate, though related family. Of the type species, O. coleoptrata, only two specimens were known. Through recent rediscovery of the species, material came available for dissection, enabling adequate comparisons with some of the later described species. As a result it seems necessary to consider Omania as a monobasic genus and to create a new generic name to accommo- date the species other than coleoptrata. The taxonomic status of O. marksae and samoen- sis is discussed in view of newly discovered localities of the former. I. TAXONOMY OF GENERA AND SPECIES GENERA From the original descriptions it already seemed that the known species of Omania form two groups on the basis of external features. O. coleoptrata is separated from the other recorded species by the large, sharply triangular head collar and by the absence of any suture on the coriaceous fore wings. Scrutiny of other, specially internal structures of O. coleoptrata and marksae revealed a number of differences which set the two species more widely apart than initially thought. The discrepancies are even more striking than those which are often used as generic limits in other families, for instance Saldidae, Gerridae. Therefore it is proposed to establish a new genus, distinguished from Omania sensu stricto by the following diagnosis. Corallocoris genus novum Collum-like area of the head demarcated from the vertex by a broadly arcuate line (Fig. 6B). Fore wing with claval and R + M suture (Fig. 2G). Grasping structure of d marked by a deep laterotergal cleft in the third abdominal segment, which fits against a pleural projection of the preceding segment (Fig. 2 K-M). Ponticulus basalis of phal- lus without dorsal projection (Fig. 111). Type species, Omania marksae Woodward. Fig. 1A-F: Omania coleoptrata. A-C: type specimen (®) of Dollfusella minutissima (the Paris Museum); D: male abdomen, lateral, genital segments omitted; E: optical section through hemi- elytral pit; F: base of hemielytron, ventral. 2 A-O: Corallocoris marksae, paratype specimens. A: lateral view; B: ventral view of thorax, coxae and wing of left side omitted; C, D: pygophore, dorsal and lateral; E: rostrum; F: hind leg; G: base of hemielytron, ventral; H: abdomen of female, lateral; I: posterior view of pronotum; J: pronotum, obliquely lateral; K-M: base of male abdomen; K: lateral; L: ventral; M: dorsal; N: scutellum, ventral; O: head, front view. ch, cephalic collar; cp, pronotal collar; cx, coxa; el, external laterotergite; ep, episternum; f, fovea; gs, grasping structure; p, pit; s, sensillum; sp, spiracle R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 63 \ \\ ù \ Im 64 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 Omania Horväth, 1915 Collum-like area of the head demarcated from the vertex by a line which makes a sharp triangular incision anteromedially (Fig. 1A, 6A). Fore wing lacks claval and R + M suture. Grasping structure g' rather simple (Fig. 1D). Ponticulus basalis of phallus with a dorsal bridge-like projection (Fig. 12 C, E). Type species, Omania coleoptrata Horváth, 1915. SPECIES Omania coleoptrata Horväth, 1915 Horväth (1915) described the species from a single female specimen (Arabia: Muscat in Prov. Oman, May 1902, leg. L. Biró), which was deposited in the Hungarian Museum, Budapest. Unfortunately it could not be traced in that Museum and Dr. Soös assumed (litt.pers., 1958) that it must have been destroyed during the uprising in 1956. Drake (1961) has given a short note on the distribution of O. coleoptrata referring to his own collection material. The Drake Collection is now in the Smithsonian Institution, so I wrote to Dr. Froeschner, Curator of the Division of Hemiptera of that Institution, asking him about locality records of the species Dr. Drake had mentioned. The locality data conformed precisely with those given by Horväth (1915) in his original description of the species. Dr. Froeschner wrote to me (April 1969): “Thanks to the information you supplied, I now feel confident that the specimen in the Drake Collection must, indeed, be the lone type specimen of Horväth. Drake and Horväth had a long cor- respondence with many exchanges and loans of specimens. Perhaps Drake concluded the specimen to be part of an exchange and not the type because he marked it ‘paratype’. The type of Omania coleoptrata definitely belongs to the Hungarian Museum and must be returned to it”. Through the kind cooperation of Dr. Froeschner (Washington) and of Dr. Soös (Budapest), I had the opportunity to study the Horväth specimen on its way to its legitimate location. It proved to be a male, and not a female. Measurements of this holotype are given in Table I (spec. a). The hairs of the specimen are largely rubbed off, legs and antennae are concealed by the glue, the left fore and hind leg, as well as all tarsal segments are broken off. Because of the rather poor condition of this unique specimen from Oman, the material from the Red Sea region to be mentioned below can only provisionally be considered as conspecific. The second specimen known was described by China (1938) as Dollfusella minutis- sima (Egypt: Island of Senafir at the southern extremity of the Sinai Peninsula, leg. R. Dollfus, 15.1V.1928). In 1943, Poisson & Poisson synonymized D. minutissima with O. coleoptrata. I restudied this single specimen in the Paris Museum. Despite the statement in the original description that it was a male, it proved to be a female. In addition to the excellent general figure presented by China, some external details of this specimen are given (Fig. 1 A-C). Recently, the species was rediscovered and collected in moderate numbers by Linna- vuori (3.X.1962, Red Sea coast, 50 km N. of Mersa Alam, Egypt; see Linnavuori, 1964) and by Riedle & Kirstener (1961/62, Al-Ghardaqa, Egypt; see Schuster, 1965). Data of some specimens are given in a list with measurements (Table I spec. b-e) and in the illustrations (Fig. 1 A-F, 3, GA, 12). The differences from the other omaniid 65 R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs "(0961) Varo Jore ‘syenprarpur oaIJ Jo aFersay ,, oro OT°O SS'O EZ'0 FLO 610 AO EO 4940800 PL See | "a OKOMEKOREGONEHOEGKOES Koror oM ED 29502 57.08 E20 COO OMO GOE SCH ORO ET Hé EES TTO STO.LTO 60'0 CAO AP SEO OA 0690 opa Boss nmeN I | spsuananvu ‘O 800 80°0 050 Oz'0 ET'O 910 60'0 WA Rei | DEORE AE er 80'0 800 870 610 ZI°O STO O10 Fo 670 TO OZONE VES. Saarinen’ ed oro oro Ss'o zz:0 evO ro oro | oo 810 zs0 970 Lo CT WE Ha ar 600 otro SS'O 02:0 ZI°0 8T°0 oro | zo 0To 90 670 LEO. CO KON ON ei 3 VAE U ZI'O 60°0 €6O ET'O FLO LTO Oe EO 4040 OCSE REEL USO 420 GIO ston 70e €70) | 09:0 FATE sc | 850 €70 pro 910 zro | 650 970 | <90 CETO #EOUUES ¥ SS'O €TO BIO LTO 0 GEA eN EE ee È | CEO GUO PO [CE RITTER = I OTO ZIO ZIO 8T°0 STO ST'O Moco ovo. EAR os om LceT as | = y oro 60:0 850 610 STO LIO zo | ogo ozo 090 tro | tro 970 090 080 IST è | = 3 11'0 80:0 09°0 Ez’0 910 810 zrio | CO VOLO LIO EEE puejsuoond) 7 arsyiwu ‘O 070 ITO L1‘0 | 0 GON SAE Ee 0 | 5 9 | | en Tro 80°0 ¥S°0 ITO ITO LT'O 870 STo TIT ONE GIONE i ONORI CTED ESIINI JO IN P z1°0 oro 650 zoo zro Lro 110 | Ko FRE FE | ebepreyo-1y > evo ero 61°0 ero | CSO LON AEON | ITJEU9S q evo evo 610 vo | sco sro geo vvo | evo zoo zo poo set © lueuo adMojoy er | vpudoajor ‘0 EIC MUI SR Wapi sus] aseq sus] | UIPIA TOO UJPIA pra Yu] xas ee) ay} JE }SIMOITEU Jo JPA 1210] 18307 8. yIpım ye SUOIF -9] Je uISITO à sarmads X9)19A € SI EUUJUE | umyyaqnos wngouod | pray (ww ur sjuowainsesw) J 2[QEL 66 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 species are presented in the key on p. 69. The known distribution so far comprises only the Oman Gulf of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea coast with certainty. The statement of Drake (1961, p. 303) that O. coleoptrata inhabits the seacoasts of the holomediterranean region must be an inaccurate interpretation of the literature. When asked to elucidate his information, the late Dr. Drake replied to Schuster (1965) that he had a specimen is his collection labelled mediterranean area’. On my request Dr. Froeschner checked the Drake Collection for O. coleoptrata. However, the type specimen from Oman, mentioned above, appeared to be the only representative. It seems therefore likely that Omaniidae do not occur along the Mediterranean coast, especially as Schuster (1965) failed to discover representatives in his inspections of the littoral fauna of the western and eastern coast of that region. Corallocoris marksae (Woodward, 1958) and the identity of C. samoensis (Kellen, 1960) Woodward (1958) described the species from a series of specimens from a northern and a southern locality in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. New captures of the species show that it has a very wide distribution. I received from Dr. Carayon 3 9 collected by Mr. J. Plessis along the west coast of New Caledonia and 24 from Dr. C. H. Fernando, collected by Dr. D. H. Murphy along the seashore of the southern part of Singapore, Labrador Beach, Febr., 1961. A new rich locality was discovered by Dr. Murphy in Pulau Blakang Mati, Singapore (26.V.1969), where he collected about 60 specimens and 1 larva. These specimens were carefully compared with cotypes of C. marksae and no other conclusion could be drawn than that they are conspecific. In 1968 I suggested on the basis of external characters and of structure of the eggs, that C. samoensis could be synonymous with C. marksae. Kellen (1960, p. 496) summarized the differences from C. marksae: “the irregular light areas on the hemelytra are much bluer in marksae and more silvery in samoensis; the fine setae on the head of marksae are silvery, while in the present species they are golden; the second antennal segment of marksae is infuscated on the apical half [Woodward expressed this as follows: "apex of segment two brownish black”, which need not to be the ’apical half’, R.C.], while the same segment of the present species is entirely stramineous”. These are only minor colour differences. In many Saldidae such features vary between widely separated populations of one species. Moreover, I could not confirm the distinc- tions as constantly in combination, when studying paratypes of marksae and samoensis. Part of the collection from Singapore is intermediate between the Samoa and Australian specimens in the slight colour differences. One could argue that prolonged disjunction of two populations of a non-flying insect would cause divergence in any case. Omaniidae are known so far only from the strongly semibrachypterous form (for terminology see Cobben, 1960) and hind wings are absent. Long-winged forms have never been found in intertidal saldids like Aepophilus, Pentacora and Orthophrys. In semibrachypterous species of Salda and Halosalda, macropterous animals are generally rare. The reduction of the fore wing in Omaniidae amounts to complete obscuration of the membrane and it is assumed that the present distribution of the species had already long existed. The initial conclusion that the po- pulations from Samoa were morphologically conspecific with those of Australia (distance about 2700 km), suggests C. marksae to be a genetically highly stable species. The recent attributions from N. Caledonia (about 1400 km from the Great Barrier Reef in the R. H. CoBBEn: Intertidal dwarfbugs 67 MN NAS Be - DE BA 77, ZA SA Fan Sa) Ber LET Fig. 3. A-C: O. coleoptrata, posterior view of adult legs; A, B, C: for, mid, hind leg, respectively; D: trochanter of larva V. 4. A-C: C. marksae, legs 1-3 of adult, aft aspect; B: mid leg showing articulation and tendons for muscle insertion. s, sensillum; sa, setose area 68 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 direction of Samoa) and from Singapore (about 4000 km in the opposite direction) confirms that we have here only one species. I herewith conclude to the following: Corallocoris marksae (Woodward 1958) — C. samoensis (Kellen 1969) syn. nov. The species will certainly be discovered along other coastal margins of the continent and islands in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. The few, more or less intertidal Saldidae have a restricted distribution (Aepophilus, limited part of European Atlantic coast; Orthophrys, Atlantic coast of Morocco, Portugal; Pentacora, Mexican Gulf). These represent relic species of a more evolved family. As will be shown in section II, Omania and Corallocoris form a distinct clade group, away from the root of the Saldidae. Omaniidae, as denizens of a special ecological niche (survey on p. 71), for wich they are extremely well adapted by size, have probably remained evolutionarily static. In contrast to the numerous and genetically adaptable Saldidae, the few species of Omaniidae would not have had to compete with more advanced members of their own family. Corallocoris nauruensis (Herring & Chapman, 1967) This species from south-eastern Micronesia stands close to C. marksae. It is distin- guished from the latter by the prunose coloration extending largely over pronotum and scutellum and by the slit-like median division of the pronotal dome. I could not confirm the morphometric differences given in the original description. The eyes of C. nauruensis are said to be proportionally longer and the scutellum smaller relative to other species. My measurements suggest no significant difference from other species. The posterior margin of the eye is said to extend beyond the posterior margin of the pronotal collar in C. nauruensis. In part of the series of C. marksae from Malaya it does, in another part it does not; this apparently depends on the angle of the head when the specimens are preserved. Corallocoris satoi (Miyamota, 1963) Omania satoi is placed here under Corallocoris on the basis of the shape of the head collar and the presence of two sutures on the forewing. These characters appear from the original description of the single female known. The generic assignment must be pre- liminary, until the two characters of the male, given in the generic diagnosis on p. 62, are checked. KEY TO SPECIES BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS Herring & Chapman (1967) presented a key to all the known species. They did not use the presence or absence of sutures in the hemielytra but stressed the relative size of the eye. In fact they start the key with this character which is difficult to assess for routine identification. Moreover, eye size is not distinctive between species. The species coleoptrata, satoi, marksae should have small eyes (width x 0.66 or less the width of the vertex at level of ocelli); manrzensis and samoensis should have large eyes (x 0.8 or more). Thus marksae and samoensis fall into different groups, but I have now synonymi- zid them. The character was checked in 4 paratypes of samoensis andin 5 of marksae R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 69 and I found the indexes the same and with the same variation, viz. 0.65—0.8. The index varies in 4 specimens of O. coleoptrata from 0.6—0.67. The authors of the key give as first difference between nauruensis and samoensis: length of eye almost 1.5, as against no more than 1.25 length of pronotum, respectively. I found ratios of 1.35, 1.5 and 1.5 ín specimens from Samoa and the averages of 5 individuals, given by Kellen, are 1.46 (2) and 1.54 ({). A new key for the identification of Omaniidae is suggested here. 1. Collar of head sharply projecting medially into the vertex region (Fig. 6A). Ocelli not circular (Fig 6A). An without sutures. Femora entirely stramineous (Red Sea, Gulf of Oman). . . . + + + Omania coleoptrata Horváth — Collar of head with soad arcuate anterior margin (Fig. 6B). Ocelli circular (Fig. 6B). Forewing with two longitudinal sutures (Fig. Femora dark with light apex . . 2 2. Bristle of head in Front of pate 1 (ie 6A); bete 3 not arising Pen light je Fourth segment of antenna twice as long as third segment (Tokara Islands, Japan). Corallocoris satoi (Miyamoto) CR 1 sl 2 DE id ina Sita fine (Fig. 6B); bristle 3 arising from a light slightly elevated spot (Fig. 6B). Fourth segment of antenna 1.2—1.7 length of seg- ment three. . . . RR n >, 3. Pronotum and entel mba Median es A Kama ne is a simple pit (Samoa, New Caledonia, Australia, Malaya) . . Corallocoris marksae (Woodward) — Pronotum and scutellum with light pattern. Median fovea of pronotal dome divides the dome posteriorly (Nauru Island, Micronesia). . 3 Corallocoris nauruensis (Herne & Chapman) Beside the internal characters given in the generic diagnosis (p. 62, 64) and the exter- nal features given above, further differences of O. coleoptrata from C. marksae and C. nauruensis are: Dorsal hairiness somewhat denser and longer in coleoptrata. Bristles of head and pronotum brownish and more hair-like in coleoptrata; black, robust, more spiny in marksae and nauruensis. Cephalic bristle 3 on same level as the weak differentiation demarcating postclypeus from frons in coleoptrata (Fig. GA), posterior of it in marksae (Fig. 6B) and naurzensis. Hemielytra more slender and uniform black, sometimes apical half with ashen gray bloom in coleoptrata, wider and with pruinose areas in marksae and nauruensis. Lateral hairs of tibiae longer than spines in coleoptrata (Fig. 3), shorter in marksae (Fig. 4) and nauruensis, which have more robust spines. Third abdominal spiracle of 9 on pleural line in coleoptrata, below in marksae (Fig. 2H) and nauruensis; spiracles 4—7 on pleural membrane in coleoptrata, on laterotergites in marksae and nauruensis. When more material of C. satoi has become available, it can be decided how far these secondary features can be considered generic characteristics. Larvae Woodward (1958) described and drew the larval instars II-V of C. marksae. Kellen (1960) illustrated instar I and V of C. samoensis which is, as shown above, identical with C. marksae. Larva V of Omania coleoptrata is now at hand (Red Sea coast, Egypt) and shown in Fig. 8C. Comparison with Fig. 8A (instar V of C. marksae) 70 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 ey ge Wii | allt) 27 NN \ \ \ Li Sao CH LEER GOD TE LOD NI LEN In Hull TLL Il ij pa Q25 R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 71 reveals discrepancies in number and arrangement of the primary hairs. These hairs form a distinct pattern on the abdomen, and O. coleoptrata has about half as many as C. marksae. However, small secondary hairs are more numerous in O. coleoptrata. This dif- ference in chaetotaxy is generically significant. In Saldidae differences between genera are usually of a much lower order. Omaniid larvae lack a larval organ, which occurs in many Saldidae (Cobben 1957, 1959). The two adults of C. marksae from Singapore were accompanied by one small larva. A close study of this revealed a larval organ, so that I initially considered the omaniid adults to belong to a new taxon. Larval organs, however, always leave traces in the adults cuticle, as I have found in many Saldidae. Since the Singapore adults lack any spur of the organ, I conclude that the larva in question could not be omaniid, but is a saldid of unknown identity. A re-check of the chaetotaxy confirmed this conclusion. The second large sample of C. marksae, recently received from Singapore, contained one larva V which in fact lacked the larval organ. Habitat Omaniidae, for which I suggest the popular name ‘intertidal dwarf- bugs’ inhabit a particular ecological niche. They seem to occur always in a solid substrate with fine cavities to which the bugs can retreat during flooding by high tide. The substrate com- prises coral rocks and pinnacles (Australia (321), Red Sea (20), Micronesia (15), probably on Tokara Islands, Japan (22)), vulcanic rocks (Samoa (17)), and granite, Singapore (23). Schuster (1965) records O. coleoptrata from the foundations and loose rubble from walls of the old ruined building of the Marine Biological Station of Al-Ghardaga, Egypt; the calcareous material originated from reefs nearby. The bugs emerge from the crevices in a certain interval of time after the tide has receded. They are then found on the moist exposed edge and lower surface of the rocks and on the sand of rock beneath. The zones inhabited by Omaniidae seem to de- pend on the steepness of the intertidal shore area and the suitability of the crevices. Schuster mentioned that O. coleoptrata (Red Sea) occurred mainly just below the high tide mark. Kellen found Corallocoris only in those rocks lying in a narrow middle band of the intertidal zone; at high tide these rocks are covered up to two feet of water. He assumed that higher or lower rocks were either too dry or too wet for habita- tion. Dr. Murphy wrote to me that the habitat of C. marksae in Singapore: “is on very coarse sand and gravel at the base of vertical cliffs of granite at extreme high tide level — not as high as mean HW springs but not extending as low as HW neaps. Late on the day, small numbers extend up into the rocks but I believe most of the popula- tion is interstitial within the gravel”. A fine account of the biology of Corallocoris under laboratory conditions is presented by Kellen (1960). The relatively large eggs are glued to the substrate, deep in small holes and crevices in the rocks provided. The incubation period is about 16 days at about 1) Numbers refer to literature list. Fig. 5 A-E: O. coleopirata. A: pretarsus of adult leg 2; B, C: pretarsus of leg 2 of larva V, ventral and lateral; D: rostrum of larva V, dorsal; E: antenna of adult. 6 A, B: frontal aspect of head, macerated; A: O. coleoptrata; B: C. marksae. ind, indentation of internal apodeme; is, internodial segments; o, ocellus; pa, parempodium; tr, trichobothrium; un, uncinus; ung, unguitractor 72 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 73 250 C. Larval development takes about a month. The adults can jump far. In nature, they prefer, when the tide is right, to run from one small hole or crevice to the next, investi- gating the surface of the rocks and small growths of algae with their beaks. Like all other representatives of the superfamily, Omaniidae are carnivorous. Kellen succeeded in rearing whole generations confining the animals to small stender dishes with pieces of rock and wet algae from the natural habitat. In captivity they seemed to feed on the organisms present in the algae, and on small psychodid and tendipedid larvae added to the dishes. Whether they prefer a particular prey in nature, is unknown. Woodward (1958) found the following fauna associated with C. marksae: Collembola, mites (Microtrombidium sp. and Eupodes sp.) and small beetles. The pieces of rock with O.coleoptrata, investigated by Schuster (1965), contained a very small species (0.8 mm) of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) and numerous Halophiloscia sp. (Isopoda). The only other Heteroptera collected in the same habitat are Halovelia sp. in Australia (32), Halovelia marianarum Usinger in Micronesia (15), and a saldid larva in Singapore. II. MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMIC RANK AND PHYLOGENY OF THE GROUP On the basis of head and male genital structures, it is postulated here that Omania and Corallocoris belong to the superfamily Leptopodoidea. Until now this group has consisted of the families Leptopodidae, Leotichiidae and Saldidae (including Omania). Discussions are largely limited here to conditions pertaining in Leptopodoidea in order to justify the establishment of the new family Omaniidae. Egg The egg of C. marksae is illustrated by Kellen (1960, his O. samoensis). He assumed from its large size relative to the female, that only one egg is laid every few days. I have reasoned earlier (1968, p. 372) that such a way of reproduction is suggestive of plesiomorphy. The number of ovarioles is not known but is probably less than 7, the normal number in Saldidae, except in Aepophilus which has 5. Shape and sculpture of the omaniid egg superficially resembles that of remote fami- lies, e.g. Helotrephidae, some Notonectidae, Naucoridae or Schizopteridae. With even more families the omaniid egg shares the presence of only one micropyle. However the structure of the micropyle confines the omaniid egg definitely to the Leptopodoidea (Cobben 1968, p, 42). The shell of Corallocoris bears large hexagons, but the architec- ture looks light-optically solid, without any system of porosity for trapping atmospheric air. A completely solid chorion has been confirmed by electron-microscopy in another intertidal shore bug, Aepophilus. All other Leptopodoidea investigated, of which some also live close to the intertidal zone, possess aeropyles (Cobben o.c.). Fig. 7 A-E: O. coleoptrata, larva V. A: head, ventral; B: pharynx pump, ventral; C: base of mandible with lever; D: base of maxillae, salivary pump, dorsal; E: pharynx pump, lateral. F-I: C. marksae, adult, distal part of stylets; F: maxillar bundle; G: mandible; H: right maxilla, lateral; I, left maxilla, inner view. ac, anteclypeus; as, antennal socket; asd, afferent salivary duct; hw, hy- popharyngeal wing; la 1, first labial segment; Ib, labrum; mdb, base of mandible; mdl, mandibular lever; mx, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; r, ridge; ro, rod; sp, salivary pump; th, thickenings; tp, tendon of piston; tph, tendons of pharynx; X, Y, anterior and posterior sense organs 74 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL la, Al 2, 1970 Larva In contrast to egg and adult characters, larval characters are extremely difficult for delimitations above family rank. The first larval instar of representatives of various fami- lies were studied, in order to trace the significance of the primary setal pattern. The first instar of Saldidae (data from 15 species, 5 genera, 3 subfamilies) and Leptopodidae (1 species) share a similar hair pattern on the thorax, not encountered in other families; the pronotum (exclusive of lateral margins) bears four setae, the mesonotum and meta- notum each bear two. The condition in Omaniidae does not conform to this. According to the careful drawing of the first instar of C. marksae (= samoensis) by Kellen, copied here in Fig. 8 B, the pronotum bears six and the mesonotum and metanotum each four setae. Saldidae and Leptopodidae have four longitudinal rows of setae on the abdominal tergum, but Corallocoris has six rows. Omaniidae, as represented by Corallo- coris, share with Leptopodidae four vertex setae, but Saldidae (including Aepophilus) have more than four. The most distinctive character of Omaniidae, separating them from related and, in fact, from all other families so far inspected, is the hair pattern of the compound eye. Omaniid larvae bear three distinct bristles inserted on the multi-faceted eye. The dra- wing by Kellen of the first instar shows only two bristles, but in the instars II-V, Woodward has consistently depicted three bristles. This larval character is retained in the adult and appears to be present in all Omaniidae studied. Judging from the con- dition of the eye bristles in the first instar and their fate during subsequent instars in other families, the first omaniid instar probably must also have three bristles. The function of the eye-bristles is still obscure but in other families they are trichobothria- like and are presumably sensory. The original number occurring in various, even remote, families, is two. This number occurs in all Saldidae studied and also in the first instar of Leptopus where they are transformed into pegs. Other characters of the omaniid larva, such as a single abdominal gland (between tergite 3 and 4) and presence of first abdominal spiracle are shared with other Leptopodoidea, but also with most Amphibi- corisae. As said on p. 71, a larval organ typical of many Saldidae, is absent in Omaniidae. The eye of the young larvae is large, bearing numerous ommatidia, and the single abdominal gland is small. Both these facts place omaniid larvae on a higher anagenetic level than, for instance, Aepophilinae or Chiloxanthinae amongst Saldidae. Within the superfamily there is a progressive trend for increase of ommatidia and reduction of larval gland. Adult China (1933) has given a table with characters separating the families Saldidae, Leptopodidae and Leotichiidae, when creating the last family to include the two cave-dwelling species of Leotichius. Apart from the structure of the wings (no nervature left in Omaniidae), nearly all of the 11 characters listed unite Omaniidae with the Saldidae. The structures compared by China were predominantly external features such as characteristics of head, eyes, ocelli, clypeus, rostrum, antennae, pronotum, scutellum and legs. As will be shown below, there is only superficial resemblance between the two groups of shore bugs. R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 75 Head Parsons (1962) has published a detailed study of the cephalic structures in one representative of the Leptopodoidea, Saldula pallipes. The terminology of her study and my own unpublished data on a wide variety of species are taken as background for the following review. External Omaniidae share with the Saldidae (inclusive of Aepophilinae) and Leptopodidae an internal dorsal apodeme, left and right in the frontal region (Fig. 8 D, E; ia). It lies close to the middle pair of trichobothria and is externally visible as a groove (Fig. GA: ind). Structures of antennae (internodial pieces between segment 2—3 and 3—4) and rostrum (third segment longest) correspond with Saldidae. The facial aspect of the omaniid head (Fig. 6) reveals some exclusive properties not found in Saldidae: a distinct collar-like vertex region, the presence of an extra pair of trichobothria-like bristlest) posterior to the ocelli, three trichobothriat) on the eye, no genal suture between mandibular and maxillary plates (also absent in Aepophilus). Un- like Saldula pallipes, there is no delimitation of mandibular plates and transverse swelling above the anteclypeus. But in Saldidae such boundaries arise with higher anagenetic levelling in the sequence Aepophilinae-Chiloxanthinae-Saldinae. In macerated prepara- tions of Omaniidae, there are weak differentiations between the middle and anterior trichobothria (Fig. 6). These could represent the boundary between postclypeus and frons. The epipharynx protrudes only slightly ahead of the labrum, as in more primitive Saldidae. It does not project in S. pallipes and in other more evolved species of Saldidae. The gular region of the omaniid larva shows two longitudinal ridges passing ventrally to the antennal socket (Fig. 7 A; r). In Saldula pallipes and other Saldidae, a similar pathway is traced only by a faint line. Internal Pharynx Fig. 7 B and E show the food pump so far as it is lined with cuticle. Its roof bears a longitudinal comb of about 10 tendons for the insertion of dilator muscles. Internally, the pump contains a median rod-like structure in the transitional zone where the pharynx narrows distally into the gut. The ventral wall of the epipharynx has a sensory plate just in front of the pharynx entrance. The plate is apparently a composi- tion of about 10 spherical cells (y, Fig. 7 B). Posteriorly to this plate, thus as part of the food pump proper, lie two other imprints of supposed sensory cells (x). Further, mainly transverse differentiations (th), probably simple thickenings of the cuticle, are seen in this and other regions. Omaniidae has the dorsal row of tendons in common with Leptopodoidea and, in fact, most other heteropterous families. In Pentacora mexicana there are 15 tendons, inChilox- anthus 20, in Aepophilus 30 and in a leptopodid (Valleriola sp.) 23. Comparatively, the 1) Although there is not yet histological or experimental proof that these setae are sensory, they are called here trichobothria for convenience. They are indeed homologous with the setae of Aepophilus and, for example, in most Amphibicorisae, where type of hair and insertion strongly suggest a particular function. 76 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 77 number in Omaniidae (10) is thus few; increase in tendon numbers could have some anage- netic meaning. Their presence excludes Leptopodoidea from typical Amphibicorisae. The type of dilator muscle insertion, direct or indirect, is an important factor for the evaluation of foodpump characters. However, in none of the recent surveys on the skeletomusculature of the heteropteran head including data on Amphibicorisae, I have found pharyngeal ten- dons expressely mentioned as absent. In accordance with other set of characters of Amphibicorisae (10, p. 363-378) I consider the lack of tendons plesiomorphic. The structure of the food pump in typical Amphibicorisae is trough-shaped and needs thorough histological investigation to compare it with the better known types of other families. Among Amphibicorisae there is one exception for Mesoveliidae, which from other evidence are grouped among aberrant water striders. Mesovelia has the mid-dorsal roof of the pump elevated, which bears a comb of 12 short tendons. A preliminary check in other family groups proved also absence of tendons in subfamilies of Reduviidae checked (Emesinae, Triatominae and Harpactorinae) and contrasts this group to Hydro- corisae, which indeed have tendons (Parsons 1966a, studied all hydrocorisan families except the extremely important Potamocorinae, which I consider to be a family). Other terrestrial families studied (inclusive of Dipsocoridae) have a distinct system of tendons, except two: Enicocephalidae and Pachynomidae. Of the former I studied one species of Oncylocotis which has an elongate food pump with about 25 very short tendons. Of Pachynomidae, a representative of each of the two subfamilies was examined: Aphelonotus had no tendons and Pachynomus sp. had 17 short tendons. The distinct rod-like structure at the outlet of the food pump seems typical for Omaniidae; it could not be traced in Saldidae and Leptopodidae, or any other of the many families studied. Only in the saldid Chiloxanthus pilosus was a very faint strip visible in the same area. The x-organ in S. pallipes is described by Parsons (1962) as an oval depressed area surrounded by a ridge. According to her: "Similar structures have been observed on the epipharynx of Dysdercus (’’gustatory organ” of Macgill (1947)), Gelastocoris (oval raised area” of Parsons (1959)), and Gerris, (‘’epipharyngeal sense organ” of Cranston and Sprague (1961)). They are probably sensory in function.” Parsons (1966 a) mentioned the organ for representatives of all hydrocorisan families and she described the nerve connexions. Of terrestrial Heteroptera, an accurate anato- mical account is given for Lygus pabulinus (Awati, 1914) and Triatoma (Barth, 1952). A preliminary survey revealed that this epipharyngeal organ is generally present in Heteroptera, with some variations in cuticular appearance. In the saldid genera Aepo- philus, Chiloxanthus and Salda it is an undifferentiated oval depression as in Saldula pallipes. In the primitive Pentacora mexicana the smoothly lined oval plate contains 9 circles each with a central point. In the leptopodid Valleriola sp. there are 12 of such circles. In Omaniidae the plate with 10 sensillae has an irregular outline. The anterior organ in Amphibicorisae is very much like in Leptopodoidea with a similar range of variation, as also in Pachycoleus and the pachynomid Aphelonotus sp. In families of Fig. 8 A-E: larval structures. A-B, D: C. marksae; A: instar V; B: instar I (redrawn from Kellen 1960); C: O. coleoptrata, instar V, somewhat swollen in lactic acid: D, E: head of instar V: D: dorsolateral view, frontal exoskeleton cut away to reveal internal apodemes; E: as D, lateral. ia, internal apodeme; ph, implantation of primary hairs; sg, scent gland 78 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 other major groups there is much more differentiation towards distinct patterns of sen- sillae but there is no oval depression. The variation in the posterior pharyngeal sense organs is greater. As shown above, in the one omaniid checked on this character, it is a single pair of oval ‘cells’. Parsons (1962) did not mention them for Saldula pallipes, but species of Pentacora, Chilo- xanthus and Salda possess two pairs, the most posterior differing in structure between the first two genera and the last. In some Amphibicorisae, I could not detect them, but in others there is one very faint pair, as also in the pachynomid Aphelonotus sp. In other families the number varies from two to four pairs, the latter condition being the usual. Stylets and levers Both mandibles are similar at their extreme tips; along the inner surface they are weakly notched with about seven indentations (Fig. 7 G). The lever is roughly triangular and one arm of it articulates directly with the stylet by means of its split tip (Fig. 7 C); the lateral corner of the lever forms the pivot in the cranium bordering the antennal socket. The origin of the maxillary stylet (Fig. 7 D) extends as a fine thread from the maxillary sac. The latter structure envelopes the stylet as a spout-shaped membrane; it is wide open distally, at least in macerated preparations. The dorsal posterior margin of the sac is thickened and forms the structure which is probably homologous with the ‘maxillary lever’ in other groups. The morphology of the tips of the right (Fig. 7 H) and left (Fig. 7 1) maxillae are different, as in Saldidae. However, I could not detect in the left stylet the two rows of numerous fine spines which occur in Saldidae. Structure of stylets and of levers relate Omaniidae more to Leptopodoidea than to Amphibicorisae. The latter have, as is known, a peculiar square mandibular lever whereas the maxillary lever is said to be absent in Gerris, Velia and Hydrometra. These two characteristics seem valid also for Hebridae, Mesoveliidae and aberrant genera I studied. Whereas the quadrangular type of mandibular lever separates adult Amphibicorisae (the lever in first larval instar of Gerris in fact is triangular!) from all other families of Heteroptera, the taxonomic value of the maxillary lever is difficult to assess. Parsons (1966 b) stressed that the distribution of the structure throughout the suborder is un- certain, since many authors overlooked it. Benwitz (1956) summarized literature data on groups of genera with a max. lever and those missing it, but certainly material should be rechecked. The constellation of the omaniid maxilla resembles that in the naucorid genus Ambrysus studied by Parsons (1966 b). She established the presence of a maxil- lary lever only in two of seven naucorid genera. She did not speculate on the evolutionary significance of the lever. From my own experience and from present knowledge of comparative morphology, I conclude that absence of maxillary lever is plesiomorphic. This should mean that the lever arose independently in different taxa along similar lines; the ultimate total structures arrived at are, however, quite varied by family group. A dis- tinct lever is absent in Omaniidae, but present in Saldidae (including Aepophilus) and Leptopodidae. Besides Amphibicorisae, Oncylocotis (Henicocephalidae), some Hy- drocorisae and apparently all Reduviidae lack a lever. The constellation of the maxillary sac in Reduviidae nevertheless reached great complexity in the more evolved taxa (e.g. Harpactorinae) as compared with the more primitive Emesinae. The Pachynomidae, a family of a vexing systematic position, have a lever like that of Nabidae and other R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 79 3 REN NN SS To È x SR EEN SHG N N / VA; yf ros AAA IL; / (Nd fuel (aed ft il ( KETEN Fig. 9 A, B: C. marksae, 2 genital structures. A: cuticular lining of genital tract; b, posterior view of abdomen. 10 A,B: metathoracal scent-apparatus; A: O. coleoptrata, gland and reservoir; B: C. marksae, entire glandular system, ventral part of metathorax from behind. ac, accessory canal; f, furca; gp, gonopore; gpl, gonoplac; gpo, gonapophysis; gr, glandular reservoir; gx, gonocoxa; gy, gynatrium; o, external outlet of scent glands; or, orifice of reservoir; ov, oviduct; pp, pregenital plate; r, reservoir; sp, spermatheca; t, tergite; x, xiphus 80 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 cimicoid groups. Species of all other groups, superficially checked, revealed a lever: Dipsocoridae, Thaumastocoridae, Pentatomoid families, Thaumastellidae (rather simple). Salivary pump Characteristics of the omaniid pump (Fig. 7 D, sp.) are: tendon of piston short, hori- zontally flattened; transverse circumference of posterior wall of pump chamber neatly circular; afferent ducts paired; efferent duct short. Only these four outer aspects of the salivarium will be compared here with other families. Data from sections must wait later evaluation. The points to be discussed here throw some new light on modifications of the apparatus and its evolution: shape of pump chamber, orientation of piston tendon, whether afferent ducts have fused, length of efferent duct. Like Saldidae and Leptopodidae the pump of the Omaniidae has the horizontally flattened piston tendon, the short efferent duct and paired outlet of the afferent ducts. The pump itself is, however, isoradial, whereas in Valleriola (Leptopodidae) and Aepo- philus (Saldidae) the dorsal posterior wall is incised. This trend has progressed in other Saldidae so much that the dorsal wall became almost split along its median line. In Amphibicorisae, a cladistic trend is apparent in the Velliidae and Gerridae. There, the lateral sides of the chamber became inflected from behind. This trend is associated with shortening of the efferent duct. A long efferent duct is retained in other Amphibicorisan families, in Henicocephalidae (Oncylocotis) and in Emesinae (Empicoris) amongst Reduviidae. The afferent canals originally ended separately in the pump. Most Hetero- ptera and primitive Reduviidae are still like this. In the advanced reduviids the ducts anastomosed a very short distance terminally. In Miridae and Nabidae studied, there is a very long common afferent duct, a condition paralleled in Pachynomidae. In most Heteroptera the tendon of the piston is a vertical plate. As noted above, it is flattened in a horizontal plane in Leptopodoidea. So far I have encountered a horizontal tendon only in Hebrovelia, the gerrid Trepobates, the thaumastocorid Xylastodoris and the thaumastellid Thaumastella. In some Amphibicorisae and in Oncylocotis, the tendon is thread-like; it is assumed that this is the basal type from which flattening in one or the other plane arose. Metathoracic scent-gland The metathorax is characterized by a large shield-like epimeron which encloses the coxae laterally (contrast Saldidae, Leptopodidae). The adult scent-apparatus of Omanii- dae is of a type encountered nowhere else in Heteroptera. Chlorazol preparations of C. marksae reveal four ovoid bodies in the metathoracic cavity and a single median ostiole for discharging the secretion (Fig. 10 B). The four reservoirs belong to a paired gland system, each side with two reservoirs united by a thin duct. The cuticular lining in C. marksae and in O. coleoptrata suggests that the most lateral reservoirs had a glandular layer all round. The cuticle projects out from the reservoir into short exten- sions, probably remnants of caniculi, regularly distributed over the whole surface of the voluminous reservoir. In ethanol-treated material, this reservoir is brownish yellow and its wall has a finger-print sculpture. The median bladder has an uninterrupted smooth wall and opens into the ostiole independently of the reservoir of the other side. Thus, the single external ostiole contains the outlets of the two reservoirs of the gland system, R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 81 each outlet being governed by one dilator apodeme. From the condition of the system in other Leptopodoidea the glandular lateral reservoirs in Omaniidae are clearly homolo- gous with the tubular gland system in other families. Saldidae except Aepophilus have one median reservoir and one ostiole. Leptopodidae have two reservoirs and two ostioles, in common with Aepophilus. However, Leotichius has one reservoir, but two ostioles. Thus, the situation in Omaniidae is peculiar in two respects: the doubling of the reser- voirs with retention of the single external ostiole and the enormous widening of the gland ducts resulting in accessory reservoirs. Legs The hind legs of adult Omaniidae lack the terminal tibial comb and the two fragile curved setae on the ventral side of the first tarsal segment. Both these characters are features normal in Saldidae, the hind leg comb arising as a complete new adult structure. The simple pretarsal structures in Omaniidae are similar for all three pairs of legs and undergo a sudden reduction during adult moult. Besides the two claws there are only two parempodia, extensions of the unguitractor plate. In the last larval instar these parempodia are rather long curved spines (Fig. 5 B,C), but in the adult only small rudiments remain (Fig. 5 A, pa). Young instar larvae were not available. They ought to be studied to know whether traces of the arolia are present in the youngest stages. In typical Saldidae such traces are absent, but in the larvae of Aepophilus (not in adult!) one arolium occurs; I consider this homologous with the ventral arolium of Amphibicori- sae, of which typical representatives possess a dorsal one too. Omaniidae share the abrupt reduction of the parempodia during one moult only with some saldids of the Pentacora group. In most Saldidae, the ontogenetic reduction of the parempodia proceeds gradually trom the first larval instar onwards; the rate of reduction is sometimes un- equal between the two parempodia of the same unguitractor plate. Other special struc- tures of the omaniid legs occur widely in Heteroptera, even beyond. The third coxa bears a setose area at the inner side (Fig. 3C, sa). This is an adaptation to jumping; both rough spheres of the left and hind coxa are apparently pressed against each other during jumping. The structure occurs in the saltatorious Saldidae, Leptopodidae and also in Ochteridae. The trochanters are almost entirely subdivided by an internal cross-sep- tum. One series of oval sensilla are arranged transversely on both lateral sides of all coxae (Fig. 3 B, D, s). These are probably stretch-receptors and occur in all heteropteran families studied so far. There are, however, differences in number, shape and arrange- ments of these organs, which must still be assessed for possible phylogenetic value. Another group of apparently sensory bodies occurs at the base of each coxa (Fig. 3 C, s). This cluster of conical projections is not restricted to Leptopodoidea. Omaniidae have no femoral plectrum nor a hemielytral stridulitrum, which are present in a number of Saldidae (joint work with J. Lattin). Abdomen Pregenital structures The omaniid abdomen bears 8 pairs of spiracles as have all other Leptopodoidea and some other major groups (Cobben 1968, p. 377, 378). Their position, however, distin- guishes Omaniidae from most Saldidae. In the former, the stigmata are situated in the TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 82 ERIK SAM ANA ù SRE N R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 83 membrane between sternites and laterotergites (Fig. 1 D, 2 H). Most stigmata are en- closed in the connexival sclerites as in Leptopodidae. Trichobothria are absent but a campaniform sensilla occurs anterior to each mid-abdominal spiracle (Fig. 1 D, s). The stigmata of Saldidae lie ventrally at some distance from the lateral margin. In few species the spiracles have closely approached the ventral connexival borderline, but apparently never passed it. One could suggest that dorsal placement of spiracles could be related to respiratory adaptation in intertidal zones. Such a correlation is not apparent in Saldidae, of which some species are indeed intertidal. Even in Aepophilus bonnairei, pre-eminently an intertidal species, the spiracles are on the ventrites. Peculiarly, those saldid species in which the spiracles are more lateral, are found in several unrelated genera, and the dis- tribution of those species is predominantly tropical. The spiracles in Leptopodidae, which are in general less hygrophilous than Saldidae, are dorsal on the external latero- tergites. The abdominal dorsum of Omaniidae is largely membranous, unlike in those Saldidae with shield-like hemielytra. The external laterotergites are distinct, but internal lateroter- gites, present in all Saldidae, are absent in Omaniidae as well as in Leptopodidae. The grasping structure in Omaniidae is quite different in constitution from that in Saldidae (including Aepophilus). This male apparatus formed by paratergites 2 and 3 was first described in Saldidae by Drake & Hottes (1951) as a stridulatory device, but Leston (1957) and Cobben (1957) showed that it serves to fix the male to the female hemiely- tron margin during copulation. In Saldidae grasping is as with a clip-type clothes-peg; friction is particularly caused by a transverse strip with pegs. As the structure increased in effectiveness, the female evolved a coadaptation in the wing area which is grasped. The coupling of male Omaniidae operates more like the paper-clips principle. There is no rough area to create friction. The laterotergite of segment 2 extends along the inner- side of the modified laterotergite 3. The two adjacent lamellae (Fig. 2 K-M) apparently clip the female hemielytron. The latter has no special counterpart structure. Females, however, which have copulated or on which attempts at copulation have been made can be recognized as such. The male grasping structure scours the blue-grey wax of the female wing so that a shining black spot results, invariably close to the wing apex. Leptopodidae have the same characteristic side by side mating behaviour as Saldidae, and so do Omaniidae as deduced above on morphological grounds. But Leptopodidae have no structural adaptations; the female wing margin is simply pinched in the male pleuron between segment 2 and 3. This behaviour could have evoked pleural differentia- tions in Omaniidae, independent of Saldidae. The pregenital glands, characteristic of all Saldidae, except Aepophilus, are absent in Omaniidae. Genital structures Female. Internal ectodermalia (Fig. 9 A). The internal female organs so far as lined by cuticle, Fig. 11 A-I: C. marksae, & genital structures. A: posterior view of pygophore; B, C: ventral and lateral view of pygophore; D: paramere; E: parandrium and dextral paramere; F-I: phallus; F, I: lateral: G: aft side; H: distal end of phallotheca, endosoma slightly extended, aa, articulatory apparatus; ba, basal aula; cp, capitate process; de, ductus ejaculatorius; ds, ductus seminis; en, endosoma; Ip, ligamentous processes; p, paramere; pa, parandria; ph, phallus; pht, phallotheca; pm. protractor muscles; pr, proctiger; rm, retractor muscles; rp, retractor process; ss, sclerotized strip; vh, vertical hymen 84 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 are the same in three omaniid species studied. Of greatest interest is the full presence of a canal leading from the ventral side of the gynatrial sac forwards to enter in the roof of the common oviduct (Fig. 9 A, ac). Such a canal also occurs in most Amphibi- corisae and has been termed ’fecundation canal’ (Pendergrast 1957), by analogy with a similar duct in Carabidae. Scudder (1959) called it ‘accessory canal’ and this term is used here, as the function of the canal has not yet been established. Brinkhurst (1960), studying the gerrid Aquarius najas, had ideas about the homology and function of the canal with which I disagree and will discuss it elsewhere. In Omaniidae, the canal is very solid at the base and forms a spiral coil in the fold between gynatrium and oviduct. A median spermatheca is present (Fig. 9A, sp.), its short duct originating from the centre of the ventral wall of the gynatrium as a continuation of the accessory canal. The bulb is simple, irregularly shaped and without pump flanges. The gynatrium lacks thickened rudiments of a ringed gland. Compared with other Leptopodoidea, the omaniid condition with accessory canal and simple spermatheca is encountered only in Leotichiidae (Scudder 1959). What I consider to be rudiments of the accessory canal, exist in Leptopodidae; lining of a gynatrial ring gland is not visible in this family, but the sper- matheca evolved in a firm structure with flanges. Besides a well developed sperma- theca, a ringed gland clearly arose in Saldidae, and no trace remains of the secondary canal. But, the saldid Aepophilus bonnairei retained the plesiomorphic condition of the spermatheca: a wide cylindrical bulb with irregular transverse wrinkles, a short duct and absence of a cuticular flange for attachment of muscles. In other Saldidae, the sper- mathecal bulb is small, but stout, and with a proximal pump flange (except the primitive Pentacora mexicana, Lattin & Cobben, 1968). The spermathecal duct increased in length anagenetically as a longer phallic flagellum developed in the male. External ectodermalia (Fig. 9 B). — The apex of the abdomen is broadly rounded, sternite 7 shield-like, paratergite 9 not visible. The tergal part of segment 9 surrounds the proctiger as a very broad sheath. The proctiger is relatively large, with a well deve- loped sternal part as in Amphibicorisae. Both pairs of gonapophyses (gpo) and the gono- placs (gpl) are present, poorly developed, flap-like and lie in a transverse vertical plane. Only the second gonapophyses join each other along the median line. Because of the relatively large eggs, the gonopore is wide and clearly visible after staining with Chlorazol black (gp). The vestigial terminalia distinguish Omaniidae from all Saldidae, including Aepo- philus, which have a well developed ovipositor. None of the other Leptopodoidea have such plate-shaped genitalia as Omaniidae, and the situation in Leptopodidae and Leoti- chiidae is intermediate between this and the saldid type. The saldid condition is, in my view, apomorphic. Male. I presented a scheme of evolution of the leptopodoid phallus in 1965, for which representatives were chosen from Saldidae, Leptopodidae and Leotichiidae. A theory has been developed showing how the leptopodoid phallus could have evolved from the plesiomorphic condition as found in modern, typical Amphibicorisae. There was then Fig. 12 A-E: O. coleopirata, & genital structures. A, B: right paramere, different aspects; C-E: phallus, endosoma slightly extruded; C: left lateral side; D: aft view; E: front view. pp, projection of ponticulus basalis. Further legend, as in Fig. 11 R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 85 LL OD N 86 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 no clear comparative picture of the omaniid phallus, because of its smallness and the scarcity of material for dissection. It will now be shown that the omaniid genital struc- tures fit well into the basic leptopodoid plan, but that clade-characters strongly support family status. The pygophore of Omaniidae is high and short (Fig. 11 A,C), with the aft side truncate and cleft medially. This cleft is formed by the interspace between the two verti- cal outgrowths of the capsule (Fig. 11 A,E, pa). Such projections are immobile and inflexible in Saldidae and have been named provisionally ’parandria’, though they are recent structures and thus do not correspond to the original definition of the term. In Omaniidae, however, the parandria are demarcated from the capsule by a transverse suture, and they turn aside under tension of the adjacent phallus (Fig. 12 D, pa, tension by hot lactic acid). The minute, club-shaped parameres (Fig. 11 E, p) are encompassed by the wall of the capsule. This is also true in nearly all Saldidae and in Leotichiidae, but not in Aepophilus and Leptopodidae. The omaniid phallus proper has the following characters in common with other Leptopodoidea: basal articulatory apparatus with ponticulus basilaris and distinct promotor and remotor apodemes. Basal foramen with a septum that leaves uncovered a transverse slit round the ductus, allowing passage of haemocoelic erection fluid. Elongated, mutually fused ligamentous processes present. Ductus seminis very wide, flattened, attached medioventrally to basal apparatus and lengthwise with ligamentous processes by means of two vertical hymens. Basal aula spa- cious, membranous. Conjunctival part of endosoma not clearly defined. All these characters do not apply to the amphibicorisan genitalia, which are in all ways much less evolved. Beyond the leptopodoid basic plan, each family has its own characteristics showing divergent phylogeny. Saldidae developed a highly complex internal reel-system, the rectilinear evolution of which could be solved stepwise. The ligamentous processes in Saldidae and Leotichiidae connect the basal apparatus with the ventro-basal edge of the phallotheca. In Omaniidae (Fig. 11 I, Ip) and Leptopodidae, however, these processes extend only half way along the basal aula. Additional strength- ening of structures associated with the basal aula arose in a different way for each family. The midventral edge of the phallotheca is in some Leptopodidae provided with a long projection to meet the distal end of the ligamentous processes. In others, the ductus seminis itself is cramped to the tip of the ligamentous processes. Strengthening of the hinge-point between phallotheca and basal aula developed in Omania along another path. A sclerotic strip runs in each lateral wall of the basal aula from the articulatory apparatus obliquely downwards to join the base of the phallotheca (Fig. 11 I, 12 €, ss). The phallotheca scarcely deserves this name in this family, as it is not sclerotic; its distal end is irregularly outlined laterally (Fig. 11 H). The endosoma could not be studied in inflated position. In retracted state it is a wide, wrinkled, membranous mass beset for much of its length with numerous groups of hooked spines (Fig. 12 D, en); sclerites are lacking. The intromittant organ in action must reach considerable length. Phallic struc- tures are in their basal part more leptopodid-like, in their phallotheca-endosomal part more leotichiid-like. The organ is consequently remote from the saldid type. CONCLUDING REMARKS The morphological survey has revealed many structural differences of the genera Omania and Corallocoris from other leptopodoid members. These discrepancies are R. H. CoBBEn: Intertidal dwarfbugs 87 Table II Saldidae Omaniidae Leptopodidae Leotichiidae 1. number of ovarioles 7 (rarely 5) probably < 5 5 2. egg deposition mostly embedded superficial superficial 3. chorionic aeropyles mostly present absent present 4. larval organ mostly present absent absent 5. primary metameric chae- 4:2:4 6:4:6 4:2:4 totaxy of larva pron. mes. abd. 6. setae on head capsule 6 8 6 7. setae on compound eye 2 3 2 8. adult length > 2.0 mm 2/0 >20 9. left max. stylet with present absent present many spines 10. max lever present absent present 11. pharynx rod absent present absent 12. number of pharynx tendons > 14 + 10 > 14 13. incision of salivary pump present absent present 14. adult scent-gland 1 reservoir 4 reservoirs 2 reservoirs ] 1 ostiole (excl. 1 ostiole 2 ostioles 1 reservoir Aepophilus) 2 ostioles 15. internal laterotergites present absent absent 16. coupling apparatus & clothes-peg type | paper-clips type absent 17. abdominal spiracles ventral dorsal dorsal 18. pregenital glands present (excl. absent absent Aepophilus) absent 19. accessory canal © absent present absent 20. spermathecal flange mostly present absent present present 21. ovipositor laciniate plate-shape intermediate absent 22. parandria & rigid flexible absent intermediate 23. phallotheca sclerotic membranous sclerotic absent 24. d. seminis-endosoma contracted long long membranous complex long 25. endosomal sclerites present absent present 26. connection lig. processus- present absent absent absent phallotheca present 27. sclerotic strips in basal Absent present absent aula wall absent summarized in Table II. The gap between Saldidae and Leptopodidae amounts to 12 of the 27 characters selected and it has never been a point in the past to doubt the familial rank of both these groups. It is striking that each of the 27 characters used ex- clude Omania-Corallocoris from Saldidae, whereas both genera share 8 characters with Leptopodidae. Comparisons with Leotichiidae are not yet adequate, since anatomical and ontogenetic evidences are lacking. I formally propose here to eliminate the genera Omania and Corallocoris from the Saldidae and to transfer them into a separate family, which must be named: Omanzidae stat. nov. The four species of Omaniidae known at present, have a saldid-like rather than leptopodid or leotichiid facies. This is due to external features listed by China (1933) as 88 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 Omaniidae Leptopodidae Leotichiidae "PROTO -LEPTOPODOID Fig. 13. Evolutionary diagram of Leptopodoidea R. H. COBBEN: Intertidal dwarfbugs 89 saldid characteristics: head inserted (v. exserted in Leptop. and Leot.); eyes not subpedunculate (v. subpedunculate); ocelli not upon prominently elevated tubercle (v. at top of elevation); rostrum extending beyond anterior coxae (v. shorter); posterior margin of pronotum straight or concave, surface not punctate (v. convex, strongly punctate) ; anterior femur and tibia normal (v. raptorial). Many of the properties studied are liable to progressive evolution resulting in parallel development in different phyletic lines. Male genital structures, clasping organ, adult scent apparatus and, in particular, the chaetotaxy show distinct divergence from the usual leptopodoid patterns. In these respects, the Omaniidae represent a cladistically remote lineage; this is expressed with the more distant common origin in the evolutionary dia- gram (Fig. 13). One may wonder why Aepophilus is not considered as belonging to a separate family. For, regarding the structures surveyed in the foregoing, this monobasic genus has often been mentioned as aberrant in Saldidae. The majority of the distinguishing characters of Aepophilus, however, fall within the ancestral-descendant range of the saldid lineage. Therefore, its subfamily rank which I proposed in 1959 is here upheld, as it represents the most primitive living member of the family. A recently discovered fossil saldid from Mexico amber must be placed on an even lower level in a new subfamily: Leptosaldinae (Fig. 13), which will be described elsewhere (Cobben, in press). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For permission to study the present material I am deeply indebted to Drs. J. Carayon (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris), R. C. Froeschner (Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington), W. R. Kellen (Chicago), R. Linnavuori (Raiso), D. H. Murphy (University of Singapore), T. E. Woodward (University of Queensland, Brisbane), and E. Wagner (Hamburg). Dr. Murphy kindly gave valuable informations about the ecology of C. marksae in Singapore. I wish to thank Dr. R. C. Froeschner and Dr. A. Soós (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest) for their help in finding the holotype of O. coleoptrata. My thanks are due to Mr. J. C. Rigg (Pudoc, Wageningen) for cor- recting the English. LITERATURE Awati, P. R., 1914. The mechanism of suction in the Potato Capsid Bug, Lygus pabulinus Linn.- Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1914: 685-733. Barth, R., 1952. Anatomische und histologische Studien über die Unterfamilie Triatominae (Hetero- ptera, Reduviidae). 1. Teil: Der Kopf von Triatoma infestans. — Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Bras. 50: 69—196. Benwitz, G., 1956. Der Kopf von Corixa punctata Ill. (geoffroyi Leach) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). — Zool. Jb. (Anatomie) 75: 311—378. Brinkhurst, R. O., 1960. Studies on the functional morphology of Gerris najas Degeer (Hem. Het. Gerridae). — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 133: 531—559. China, W. E., 1933. A new family of Hemiptera-Heteroptera with notes on the phylogeny of the suborder. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12: 180—196. ———, 1938. A new genus and species of Acanthiidae (Saldidae) from the Sinai Peninsula. — Mem. Inst. Egypt. 37: 255—257. Cobben, R. H., 1957. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Uferwanzen (Hem. Het., Fam. Saldidae). — Ent. Ber. 17: 245—257. — —, 1959. Notes on the classification of Saldidae with the description of a new species from Spain. — Zool. Meded. Leiden 36: 303—316. —, 1960. Die Uferwanzen Europas, Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Saldidae. — In: Stichel, Illustrierte 90 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 2, 1970 Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa 3: 209—263. 1968. Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera, Part I: Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. — PUDOC, Wageningen, 475 pp. in press. A fossil shore bug from the tertiary amber of Chiapas, Mexico (Hetero- ptera, Saldidae). — University of California Publications in Entomology 31 (2). Cranston, F. P. and I. B. Sprague, 1961. A morphological study of the head capsule of Gerris remigis Say. — J. Morph. 108: 287—298. » Drake, C. J., 1961. Insects of Micronesia. Hemiptera: Saldidae. — Insects of Micronesia 7: 287—305. ——, and F. C. Hottes, 1951. Stridulatory organs in Saldidae (Hemiptera). — Great Basin Nat. 11: 43—46. Herring, J. L. and H. C. Chapman, 1967. À new species of Omania from Micronesia (Hemiptera: Saldidae). — Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 69: 353—359. Torväth, G., 1915. Novum genus peculiare Acanthiidarum. — Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 13: 598— TED, Kellen, W. R., 1960. A new species of Omania from Samoa, with notes on its biology (Heteroptera: Saldidae). — Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 53: 494—499. Lattin, J. D. and R. H. Cobben, 1968. The systematic position of Orthophrys mexicanum van Duzee (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Saldidae). — Ent. Ber. 28: 130—135. Leston, D., 1957. The stridulatory mechanisms in terrestrial species of Hemiptera Heteroptera. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 128: 369—386. Linnavuori, R., 1964. Hemiptera of Egypt, with remarks on some species of the adjacent Eremian region. — Ann. zool. Fenn. 1: 306—356. Mac Gill, E. I., 1947. The anatomy of the head and mouth-parts of Dysdercus intermedius Dist. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 117: 115—128. Miyamoto, S., 1963. New halophilous saldids from the Tokara Islands. — Sieboldia 3: 39—50. Murphy, D. H., 1969. Personal communications. Parsons, M. C., 1959. Skeleton and musculature of the head of Gelastocoris oculatus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). — Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 122: 1—53. —, 1962. Skeleton and musculature of the head of Saldula pallipes (F). (Heteroptera: Saldidae). — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 114: 97—130. ——, 1966a. Modifications of the food pumps of Hydrocorisae (Heteroptera). — Can. J. Zool. 44: 585—620. ——, 1966b. Studies on the cephalic anatomy of Naucoridae (Heteroptera). — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 118: 119—151. Pendergrast, J. G., 1957. Studies on the reproductive organs of the Heteroptera with a consideration of their bearing on classification. — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 109: 1—63. Poisson, R. et A. Poisson, 1943. Sur la synonymie de Dolfusella minutissima China 1938 et Omania coleoptrata Horváth 1915 (Hem. Acanthiidae). — Bull. Soc. ent. France 48: 123% . Schuster, R., 1965. Faunistische Studien am Roten Meer (im Winter 1961/62). Teil I, Litoral- bewohnende Arthropoden terrestrischer Herkunft. — Zool. Jb. Syst. 92: 327—343. - Scudder, G. G. E., 1959. The female genitalia of the Heteroptera: morphology and bearing on classification. — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 111: 405—467. Woodward, T. W., 1958. Studies on Queensland Hemiptera. Part III. A remarkable new intertidal saldid. — Univ. Queensland. Pap. 1: 101—110. MUS, COMP. ZOOL, LIBRARY, JUN 17 1970 HARVARD UNIVERSITY DEEL 113 AFLEVERING 3 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD A. DIAKONOFF. — Notes on the Ceracini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), pp. 91—103, Figs. 1—8, Plaat 1. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 113, afl. 3 Gepubliceerd 29-V-1970 NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) . . Dr Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter (Hessen) NE Je ae Vas Secretaris (Secretary) OT Hellinga’ Address <<. . . . . . Weesperzijde 23 II, Amsterdam-O. Penningmeester (io NOT MINT ARE pos Address . 2020.20. Van Baerlestraat 261, Amsterdam Bibliothecaris en) IENE AVE] eekel Address. . ...... +. + + Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O. BedenallMembers) A AN anse VASI EIA Besemer AFDELING VOOR TOEGEPASTE ENTOMOLOGIE (DIVISION OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY) BESTUUR (BOARD) Noorzitteam(Chaitnan) Mee AG eb SE #Beseiner Seeretanis(Sectetauy) MNN en eeN vanideriGeest Address … . : 2 2 2 … « « « + Mauritskade 69 A, Amsterdam Leden (Members) . . . . . . . . . L. Bravenboer, J. J. Laarman, J. B. M. van Dinther Publicaties van de Vereeniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or directly from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O., except for Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, which is available through ‘booksellers or from the Noord-Holland Editing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. x TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editing Board). . . . . . . Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, C. A. W. Jeekel, M. A. Lieftinck, J. T. Wiebes Address . . . . . . … . . . .Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350— 400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. MONOGRAFIEEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING Redactie (Editing Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors serie: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al, 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs, 2 pl., map. D.Fl. 60—. No. 1. A. J. Besseling, 1964. — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille, 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp., 333 figs. D.Fl. 30.—. NOTES ON THE CERACINI (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) ') by A. DIAKONOFF Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden ABSTRACT The group is defined as a tribe of the Tortricidae, Eurydoxa Filipjev (type-species, E. advena Filipjev) is reestablished as distinct from Cerace Walker, owing to recent studies of chaetotaxy. Described as new are C. malayana (Malay States, close to stipatana Walker), 9 of C. cyanopyga Diakonoff (Burma), 9 genitalia of C. ios Diakonoff; C. leechi spec. nov., ® (China) is defined. Sunk as synonyms are C. guttana Felder & Rogenhofer (syn. of onustana Walker); C. tamst Dia- konoff (syn. of mesoclasta Meyrick); stipatana clara Diakonoff is suppressed as subspecies, Bathypluta triphaenella melanoptera Diakonoff and B. t. nox Diakonoff are relegated to colour formae. Transferred to Eurydoxa is Eucosma tetrakore Wileman & Stringer and Ceraceopsis ussu- riensis Kurentsov. Lectotypes are designated for: Pentacitrotus vulneratus var. distinctus Diakonoff, Cerace tetraonis Butler, C. t. archimedis Diakonoff, C. xanthocosma Diakonoff, C. stipatana Walker, C. s. formosana Diakonoff, and Bathypluta triphaenella melanoptera Diakonoff. Twenty years ago the author published a revision of the present group of brightly coloured large species of the family Tortricidae (Diakonoff, 1950). In the course of time little additional material has come to our notice. These years have not been too favourable for collecting in Central and South Asia, the native countries of the Ceracini, except the profitable series of expeditions by the Munick Museum to Nepal, 1955— 1969. Several important specimens have been found recently, though, chiefly in old collections of the British Museum (Natural History) and also in other museums, which are worth recording; besides, certain additional remarks to my above mentioned paper have become necessary, in order to make the descriptions of that time to answer modern requirements of nomenclature. The author is greatly obliged to the following persons and institutions for the loan of material and for information: Mr. P. E. S. Whalley, Dr. K. Sattler, Messrs. M. Shafer and D. J. Carter, British Museum (Natural History), London (BM); Dr. A. Popescu- Gorj, Muzeul de Istoria Naturala “Grigore Antipa”, Bucharest (GAM); Dr. W. Dierl, Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich. (SM); Dr. H. Schröder, Natur-Museum Sencken- berg, Frankfurt a/ Main (MSF); Dr. H. J. Hannemann, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (HMB); Dr. F. Kasy, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (VM), and Dr. P. E. L. Viette, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MP). Most figures were made by Mr. A. C. M. van Dijk, with a grant of the Netherlands Organisation for Pure Research (ZWO). CERACINI The concept of the group as a separate family, Ceracidae, of the suborder Tortricoidea, is no longer tenable. Although the characteristic species, especially of the genus Cerace 1) Dedicated to my friend, Dr. H. Blöte, the Dutch hemipterist, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 91 92 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 Walk., are in many respects peculiar indeed, they prove now to stand rather closely to the tribe Archipini of the Tortricinae. Therefore the Ceracini should be treated as a tribe, as Obraztsov (1949) already suggested (under the name of Ceraciini). An unusual feature of the Ceracini is the smooth head, which they have in common with certain tropical Archipini, as e.g., Zacorisca and allies. To this character Meyrick attached great importance (1910). It is indeed remarkable that the species in possession of this feature all are brightly coloured diurnal insects; perhaps smooth heads have some connection with the diurnal life habits which is unknown at present. The latest contribution to the knowledge of the present tribe is the description of the larval characters of Eurydoxa advena Fil. and Cerace xanthocosma Diak., both from Japan (Diakonoff, 1956, Yasuda, 1965). Although in general the larval characters proved to be tortricine, some interesting minor points came to light. However, it should be stressed that the larval characters of the Tortricidae, relatively, have considerably less value for taxonomy than the adult characters have. Apparently the larva is much more subject to adaptations and secondary functional changes than other stages, depending on environment, biology etc. This statement is convincingly corroborated by the fact that the larval characters are of no use at present for the separation of two subfamilies: the Tortricinae and the Olethreu- tinae (Mackay, 1962: 7). The chaetotaxy of the two above mentioned species reveals considerable differences in support of the validity of the genus Ewrydoxa Fil., as against Cerace Walk., as is elaborated below, under the first mentioned genus. This chaetotaxy of the larval head shows that both Cerace and Eurydoxa have an affinity with the genus Sparganothis Hb., the angle between the lines connecting the bases of setae Pl and Adf 2 and P1 and P2, respectively, being obtuse. Earlier, I have expressed the view (Diakonoff, 1961) that this last genus should be incorporated in the Archipini rather than regarded as a represen- tative of a separate tribe; in spite of the possession in Sparganothis of a structure in the hind wing, rather similar to the cubital pecten of the Olethreutinae. Therefore, Caracini seem to be nearest to Archipini for which speak, of course, all adult characters as well. But there are also differences, e.g., the setae D2 on the eight abdominal segment in Ceracini are as long as setae L1, besides, the setae D2 of that segment are closer together than DI. Summing up, the larval characters support the concept of the Ceracini being a distinct tribe, close to the Archipini; as well as of Evrydoxa Fil. being a distinct genus, related to Cerace Walk. Ceracini have never been collected in really large series, except the two Japanese species which are common pests and can be bred from larvae. Dr. W. Dierl, Munich Museum, told me about his following interesting experiences in Nepal: ’’Ceracini are indeed quite rare in Nepal. I have never seen more than we have collected!). They ne- ver come to light and I have always seen them flying in daytime in bright sunshine. During the (wet) monsoon these hours of sunshine are very rare. The Ceracini like to feed on flowers of Umbelliferae where they easily can be collected’. However scanty these remarks are, they are about the only ones ever published on the life habits and be- haviour of the Ceracini (perhaps except those in the Japanese language). 1) Nine specimens (A.D.). A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 93 Here follow complementary remarks to my 1950 paper. The pages under the names pertain to that revision. Where necessary, lectotypes are disignated. Two new species and a neallotype are described. Pentacitrotus quercivorus Diakonoff p. 179. The complete text of the labels of the unique type specimen is as follows. “Holo- type”, “STEB Coll. L, 10.VII.02. Moths begin August .02, Coll. E. P. Enkling, Deobar, NE Himalaya, India, Quercus semicarpifolia” (written and printed). “Type, Pentacitro- tus quercivorus A. Diakonoff, 1947”. “BM genitalia slide No. 2695”. “Walsingham Collection 1910-427” (written and printed) (BM). Pentacitrotus vulneratus Butler p. 180. Pentacitrotus aeneus Leech, 1890: 83 (Central China, 6, error! Recte: Darjeeling, 9 !) Syn. nov. The holotype of P. vulneratus Butler has the following labels: “TYPE H.T.”; “Darj.”; “P. vulneratus Butler, type”; “Pentacitrotus vulneratus Butler, Ill. Lep. Het. B.M. 5, p. 35, pl. 86 ’5 (1881). Type 8 (figd.)”, without abdomen (BM). Additional material of P. vulneratus Btl.: India, Punjab, Murree, 7500 ft, June, 1918 (Dutt Coll.), 1 g', 2 2 (BM). Sikkim, Katapahar (Gebauer), 1 4 (VM). When describing the species “Pentacitrotus aenens” Leech apparently made a mistake. His description of a surmised male specimen of “aeneus’ from China, does not agree with the unique female specimen from that country, bearing the labels “Central China, Chang Yang, Hoope, VI.1888 (A. E. Pratt)”, “Leech Collection 62352”, but obviously is a description of a female of P. vulneratus Butler, from India. In order to retain Leech’s name, in 1950 I redescribed the female from Chang Yang under the name “P. aeneus Leech’ but am now satisfied that this action is of no effect, as this Leech’s name is simply a synonym of P. vulneratus Butler. The name “Penta- citrotus aeneus Diakonoff, 1950”, is not available, being preoccupied by Pentacitrotus aeneus Leech, 1890. As the unique female from Chang Yang represents a distinct and undescribed species, I propose for it the name: Pentacitrotus leechi spec. nov. Pentacitrotus vulneratus var. distinctus Diakonoff p. 181. Lectotype, hereby designated, male, labelled thus: Kulu Distr.”, "Brit. Mus. 1932— 454”, “Cerace vulnerata Btl.”, "Holotype, Pentacitrotus vulneratus var. distinctus A. Diakonoff, 1947”. ”Genitalia slide no. 1186” (BM). Pentacitrotus vulneratus var. 9 congruens Diakonoff p. 181. The holotype, a female, bears the following labels: Holotype’, "India, Elwes 1901”. “Walsingham Collection 1910—427”’, ’’Pentacitrotus vulneratus var. ® congruens Diak., det. W. G. Tremewan, 1962” (BM). 94 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 Pentacitrotus vulneratus vulneratus Butler p. 180. Additional male from: Sikkim, Katapahar (Gebauer) (VM). Eurydoxa Filipjev Eurydoxa Filipjev, 1930: 373, figs. 2—3 (@ type-species, E. advena Fil, by monotypy; ®, Sutchan). — Diakonoff, 1950: 184 (Ceraceopsis syn.). Ceraceopsis Matsumura, 1931: 1068 (type-species, C. sapporensis Mats., by monotypy; &, Sapporo, Japan). The present genus is distinct from Cerace Walk. as I have elaborated in my 1950 revision. Superficially it may be separated by vein Ib in the fore wing being furcate over not more than 1/, of its length, as against over more than 14, in Cerace. It is a minor difference, but in a group with so rigid a neuration as Ceracini, significant enough. Besides, the signum is a flat sclerotized scobinate sclerite in the wall of bursa about halfway its length; while in Cerace the signum is double-folded, with scobinations on the outer side, and is situated at the border of the ductus bursae and the corpus bursae. The recent studies of larval characters, cited in the introduction to this paper and above, have shown that there is one more, unexpected but cardinal difference between Eurydoxa advena Fil. and Cerace xanthocosma Diak., to which genera Dr. Yasuda dedicated a comparative paper. The seta SD 2 on abdominal segments 1—8 is implanted on its own minute pinnaculum and not on a joined pinnaculum with SD 1, as in Cerace. Besides, all principal setae are upon normal pinnacula, while in Cerace these pinnacula are strongly elevated and sclerotized. Eurydoxa advena Filipjev Eurydoxa advena Filipjev, 1930, C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS (A): 374, figs. 1—3 (9, neur.). — Diakonoff, 1950, Bull. Brit. Mus. Ent. 1 (2): 187. — Obraztsov, 1954, Tijdschr. Ent. 97 (3): 154 fig. 3 (neur.). — Kurentzov, 1956, Trans. Far-Eastern Branch Acad. Sci. USSR 3 (6): 237, figs. 1—6 (2, neur.). — Issiki, 1957, Icon. Het. Jap. Col. Nat. 1: 82, pl. 14, fig. 430 (2). — Okano, 1959, Icon. Ins. Jap. Col. Nat. Ed. 1: 263, pl. 176, figs. 10a, b (4, 2). — Oku, 1961, Coenonympha, Trans. Lep. Sci. Hokkaido (11): 190. — Diakonoff, 1964, Zool. Mededelingen 39: 59, figs. 1—3, pl. 9 (larva, pupa). Ceraceopsis sapporensis Matsumura, 1931: 6000 Ill. Ins. Jap.: 1068, no. 2129 (4); — 1932, Insecta Matsumurana 6: 199. Eurydoxa sapporensis Diakonoff, 1950. Bull. Brit. Mus. Ent. 1 (2): 186, figs. 7, 12 (& geni- talia, neur.). — Inoue, 1954, Check List Lep. Jap. 1: 90. — Uchida, 1956, Insecta Matsumurana 20 (34): 100, figs. 1, 2 (4, 9). — Issiki, 1957, Icon. Het. Jap. Col. Nat. 1: 82, pl. 14, fig. Zit (6) The above references are as adopted from Yasuda, 1965. This author had extensive material of both E. advena and sapporensis for comparison and came to the conclusion that they are conspecific, sapporensis being the male and a synonym of advena. The most important larval characters of the species have already been cited above. Additional material. China, Sechuan, ”O — Er 26 mi N Li Fan”, 1 9 (USNM). Eurydoxa advena forma orbimaculata (Kurentsov), comb. nov. Ceraceopsis advena orbimaculata Kurentsov 1956: 242. This differs from the nominate form only by the median longitudinal row of pale yellow spots being a series of large spots, becoming smaller basad, while in the nominate form these spots are much smaller. The description is based on a single specimen and its validity is therefore somewhat problematic. A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 95 Eurydoxa tetrakore (Wileman & Stringer), comb. nov. Pie Encosma tetrakore Wileman & Stringer, 1929: 66. This obscure species escaped my attention earlier. Dr. Obraztsov came across its type in the collection of the British Museum and detected its true identity (verbal communica- tion). The holotype (and the only specimen) is labelled as follows: ’ Arizan, Formosa, 7300 ft, 24.VII.1908 (A. E. Wileman)”. Genit. slide no. 113 (BM). The rather damaged specimen may be briefly described thus. Blackish-purple, with an obliquely oval white spot beyond upper angle of cell, encircled by reddish-orange suf- fusion, widest above and almost reaching 2/3 of costa; a large rounded patch on upper half of base of wing and an oblique, wedge-shaped transverse moderate marking on 14 of costa, similarly reddish-orange, the latter hardly reaching cell; these markings with a narrow edge of ground colour, beyond this indistinctly edged with bluish-metallic lines. Cilia purplish. Hind wing fuscous-purple, with an oblong-oval white subcostal spot. Male genitalia. Somewhat resembling those of Pentacitrotus vulneratus Btl. Tegumen moderate, narrowed. Uncus gradually narrowed, pointed. Socius rather large, broadly oval. Gnathos, a long hook, longer than socii. Valva suboval, moderately and gradually narrowed, cucullus with a somewhat curved longitudinal and supramarginal patch of bristles, becoming dark and dense at the top. Vinculum strong. Aedeagus long, curved, with a large and thickened coecum penis. The holotype is in the British Museum. The species apparently is allied with Eurydoxa rhodopa Diak., from China, described after a single female. Eurydoxa ussuriensis (Kurentsov), comb. nov. Ceraceopsis ussuriensis Kurentsov, 1956: 241, figs. 1, 3. — Yasuda, 1965: 3. This species, described after a single male specimen, is extremely close to E. advena Fil. I did not study the type specimen which probably is in the museum of the Far Eastern Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Vladivostok. The figure shows a much coarser pattern of longitudinal dotting and a larger, pale (orange?) longitudinal streak in the hind wing than in advena and also a more conspicuous row of subdorsal (orange) spots. The genitalia have not been described. Eurydoxa mesoclasta (Meyrick) Cerace mesoclasta Meyrick, 1908: 395 (®, Kurseong). in Wagner. 1912: 15. — in Wytsman, 1913: 20. — Diakonoff, 1950: 203. Eurydoxa tamsi Diakonoff, 1950: 189 (2, Sikkim, Phedong =Padong). Syn. nov. The original description is based on a single female specimen from Eastern Himala- yas, Kurseong, 5000 ft. I never saw the type specimen, its whereabouts are unknown. When describing Eurydoxa tamsi Diak. I was probably confused by Meyrick’s descrip- tion of mesoclasta, the ground colour of the fore wing being recorded as ‘’whitish” and the hind wing as having a fuscous apical fourth. Now I have found a female specimen, without head or abdomen, but otherwise in good condition, completely similar to the type of E. tamsi, but with the label ’’Cerace mesoclasta Meyrick det”. It appears that Meyrick’s description of the unknown holotype from Himalaya, except 96 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 BE Female genitalia of Cerace Walk. species, 1, C. ‘os Diak., holotype; 2, the same, bursa capulatrix: 3, C. cyanopyga Diak., neallotype; 4, the same, bursa copulatrix; 5, C. malayana spec. nov., holo: type; 6, the same, bursa copulatrix; 7. C. lemeepauli Lemée, holotype; 8, the same, bursa copulatrix A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 97 for the ground colour, agrees sufficiently well with the above mentioned specimen — and so, with my “tamsi”. Therefore I am satisfied that they are conspecific. The present female specimen is from Sikkim, Katapahar (Gebauer) (VM). The ground colour of the hind wing and the markings of the fore wing are pure silverv- white. Cerace tetraonis Butler p. 192. Lectotype of C. tetraonis, hereby designated: male, bearing the following labels: "Syntype”, Murree, 86-54(9), 28-8.85'; "Cerace tetraonis Butl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886— 394, Murree, Yerbunj. Type 1/1 descr.” The male genitalia of the specimen from Simla, illustrated by me, my nr. 579D, are registered under nr. BM 2726. Interesting additional material of this species is labelled thus: "Pakistan, Murree, Kuldana, leaf stitcher on Quercus dilatata, IV. "67", 1 &, 1 9. Apparently Quercus species are favorite food plants of more than one species of Cerace. Also from China, West Tien-Mu-Shan, 1600 m, Province Chekiang 10-31.IX.1932 (H. Höne), 12 & (SM). Cerace tetraonis archimedis Diakonoff P193. Lectotype, hereby designated, a male, labelled as follows. Holotype’, ’’Cherra Punji, Khasis, 1895, Nat. (Doncaster)”, “Walsingham Collection BM 1910—427”; "Type, Cerace tetraonis archimedis, A. Diakonoff, 1947’; Genitalia slide No. 2694. Cerace xanthocosma Diakonoff p. 197. — Yasuda, 1969: 95, 206, pl. 46 figs. 184 (list of references as follows:) — Inoue, 1954, Check List Lep. Jap. 1: 90. — Obraztsov, 1955, Tijdschr. Ent. 98 (3): 199. — Issiki, 1957, Icon. Het. Jap. Col. Nat. 1: 81, pl. 14, figs 428, 429 (4, ®). — Okano, 1959, Icon. Ins. Jap. Col. Nat. Ed. 1: 263, pl. 176, figs. 11a, b (8, ©). Cerace onustana Miyake (nec Walker), 1911, Döbutsugaku Zasshi 23: 302, fig. c. — Nagano (nec Walker), 1914, The Insect World 18 (197): 2, pl. 1 (4, ®, neur, larva, pupa); ibid. 18 (203): 301 (host plants). — Issiki (nec Walker), 1922, Döbutsugaku Zasshi 34: 283. — Matsu- mura, 1931, 6000 Ill. Ins. Jap.: 1067, no. 2127 (®). — Wisherd & Murayama, 1929: 73, pl. 16 fig. 6. Cerace guttana Issiki (nec Felder), 1932, Icon. Ins. Jap.: 1449, fig. 2867 (®). — Hirose (nec Felder), 1936, The Insect World 40 (471): 419 (host plants). Lectotype, hereby designated, male, labelled as follows. ’’Holotype”; "Brit. Mus. genitalia slide 4 No. 2699” my no. 585D, "Japan, Pryer, 1886, 70822”, ”Holotype, Cerace xanthocosma A. Diakonoff, 1947”; Walsingham Coll. BM 1910—427”. The corresponding female syntype is labelled thus: ""Allotype”, "Japan, Pryer, 1886, 70829” and ’’Brit. Mus. genitalia slide 9 No. 2705”. More material of this species has been added since 1950, labelled thus: ’’ Nara, 19.6.19 18/6, Honshyu Yamato, S. Moriuti, bred from Pzcris japonica’ (BM). Recently Yasuda (1969) published for the first time a coloured figure of the larva. A description of the setal pattern of the larva appeared earlier (Yasuda, 1965). This description briefly amounts to the following. Spinneret obtusely pointed; head: lines connecting bases of P1 with Adf 2 and P1 with P2, respectively form an obtuse angle. All larger setae of the body, viz. D1 and 98 TIIDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 D2 and SD1 and SD2 upon all segments, and also L1 + L2 and L3 upon the thorax are implanted on thick, elevated prinnacula. SD2 on joined pinnaculum with SD1; DI upon abdominal segments 9 on its own pinnaculum. Anal segments with setae D2 as long as setae L1; setae D2 of the abdominal segments 8 are closer together than setae D1. It should be pointed out that in Yasuda’s fig. 2 the connotations of the setae D1 and D2 upon the 9th abdominal segment have been confounded: D2 is actually D1 etc. As host plants are recorded Jezo spruce (Picea jezoensis Carr.) and Veitch fir (Abies Veitchii Lindl.); and also Picris japonica. Additional material: "1874, Japan, Cerace guttana R. & F., Novara 139, f. 51”, 1 ©. “Japan”, 1 g'. Mt. Kasuga near Nara, June 18, 1919 (I. Sugitani), 2 & (VM). Japan, Honshu, Nara, 27. 29.V.8.VI.1964 em. Bred from Picris japonica D. Don., > © (SME Cerace onustana Walker p. 204. Cerace onustana Walker, 1863: 423. — Moore, 1867: 668. — Cotes & Swinhoe, 1889: 699, no. 4770. — Meyrick, in Wagner, 1912b: 15. — in Wytsman, 1913: 20. —? Matsumura, 1931: 1067 fig. 2127 (2). — Diakonoff, 1941a: 30, pl. 3 fig. 3. Cerace guttana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875: pl. 139 fig. 51 (9). — Cotes & Swinhoe, 1889: 699, no. 4769. — Walsingham iz Swinhoe, 1900: 565. — Meyrick, in Wagner, 1912b: 15. — in Wytsman, 1913: 20. — Diakonoff, 1939: 130 (guttana syn.) — 194la: 29. Syn. nov. Cerace guttana obscura Diakonoff, 1950: 202. Syn. nov. The holotype of C. onustana Walk. is labelled as follows. ’’Holot.”, Nepal”, ”Hard- wicke Bequest”, ‘’Cerace onustana Wkr. Cat. Lep. B. M. 28: 423 (1863) Nepal (Hardwicke). Type g (1/1) descr.” (BM). Hind wing light yellow, with black spots as in the female of C. guftana and with a broad fuscous-black margınal suffusion, extending from apex to before tornus, gradually attenuated downwards, at apex reaching over one fifth of the wing breadth. The study of the available material and of the above references convinced me of the correctness of my previously abandoned statement of 1939, that ’’C. guttana Felder” is only the female of C. onwstana Walker. Neither could I find any males of guttana, nor any differences between the supposed females of these two species’. Therefore I again propose to suppress the name Cerace guttana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875, as a synonym, in favour of the name Cerace onustana Walker, 1863. The final check of this problem pertains of the following material: Cerace guttana F. & R.: 1 g', "Khasis, Sept. 1894, Nat. Coll”, genit. slide 7724; 1 ©, "Himalayas, 24” “E. Meyrick det, in Meyrick Coll. 5/5”, genit slide 7725. Cerace onustana Walk.: 1 8, N. India”, “Norris Coll. 73—41”, genit. slide 7726; 1 9, "Sikkim, chasseurs indigènes (R. P. Bretandeau), 1894”, genit. slide 7727. (All in the BM). Further additional material. "Darjeeling, 1893 (Mövis)”, 1 9. NO Afghanistan, Petze-Tal, W. v. Schari-Sarai, 2100 m (Kazy & Vartian)”, 1 2 (VM). Further additional specimens have the following labels. "Gopaldhara, Darjeeling, 3440 —5800° (H. Stevens) 18.IX.16”. “Himalaya”. “Kulu Distr.”, “Rothschild Bequest” (BM). The holotype of C. guttana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875, has the following labels: "Holotype, “Novara PXXXIX f. 51, Cerace guttana, Silhet, 9, n.f.”; ”Felder Coll, Rothschild 1913—86”; ”Cerace onustana Walk. affin.”; ”’Felder's Type”. This is also the type of my subspecies “obscura” which name has to be suppressed. The complete collection of labels of the holotype of ‘’Cerace onustana obscura” Diako- noff, 1950 : 202, reads thus ,,Holotype”, ”Bengal (Russell)”, "Moore Coll. 94—106”. "Genitalia slide no. 20 9” (BM). A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 99 There is a series of females of “C. guttana Feld.” in the British Museum, but not a single male. Cerace cyanopyga Diakonoff (Fig. 3—4) p. 205. Three additional specimens of this elegant species were found among duplicates in the collection of the British Museum; two males with labels identical to that of the holotype: Burma, Malmyo, 11.V.1901 (H. J. W. Barrow), and, a third specimen, a female, labelled "Maymyo, 3500’, 7.7.1934 (W. C. Carrott). which is described as neallotype, genitalia slide 7722. Q, neallotype, 59 mm. Head as in male, thorax black, tegulae with a broad white edge, top of thorax with three white dots. Abdomen fuscous-orange, without black margins. Fore wing of the characteristic Cerace shape, with apex notched. Colouring and mar- kings similar to those in the male, but all white markings larger, strigulae thicker than in male. Costal transverse streaks more numerous and thicker, about 17 of them, some irregularly furcate below; crimson median area with one upper row of white dots along posterior half and two entire series, upper from before base, lower from base, emitting two branches, at 15 and 24 respectively, which run obliquely through dark dorsal part of wing; this dark part containing four horizontal series of dots; first of these entire, divided posteriorly into two rows, second: half as long, third: not quite reaching tornus, fourth: entire and marginal; orange terminal spot as in male, but paler; terminal spots and cilia similar. Hind wing bright orange, unicolored; tornal half of wing with about five series of inequal round black dots, gradually becoming larger posteriorly, first of these rows formed of four slender transverse strigulae on dorsum, submarginal; apical 2/; of wing with three transverse confluent rows of spots, more or less parallel to wing edge in left, straight in right wing, posterior of these broader, its median spot largest; two small dots before apex. Cilia (damaged) orange, black around apex, black-barred along upper part of termen. Female genitalia. 8th sternite slightly sclerotized. 7th sternite with a large triangular excision of upper edge extending over the whole breadth of segment. Ostium and col- liculum sclerotized, ostium broad, edge rather shallowly emarginate; colliculum turned to the left, broad at base, about as long as colliculum is high; signum of moderate size, less wide than ostium, teeth moderate. The neallotype can be recognized at once by the bright orange ground colour of the hind wings. Cerace ios Diakonoff (Fig. 1—2) p. 207. The holotype, a female, from ‘North Fast Borneo, Mt. Kina Balu’, "Coll. Staud”, is preserved in the Berlin Museum. To my surprise a second, identical, female specimen with a printed label: Kinabalu, N. Borneo” and additional labels: "Rothschild Bequest, BM 1939—1” and ’’Cerace ios Diakonoff, det. W. Tremewan” British Museum collection. was present in the 9 100 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 At the time of the original description the genitalia of the female had not been stu- died. They have been dissected and studied now (slide no. 7721, Berlin Museum), and may be described as follows. Seventh sternite moderately excised. Ostium wide, sclerotized, more erected vertically than in, e.g., C. onustana, sides more gradually curved, consequently. Colliculum shorter than ostium is high. Signum as in onustana, but relati- vely smaller. Cerace stipatana birmensis Diakonoff p. 210. A statement omitted from the original description is that the holotype is a male, and the allotype a female, consequently. The genitalia slide of the holotype is 589Dg' — BM 2734. The complete labels of the holo- and allotype are: "Rubi Mines District, Kosemba, 1922”, my label, ”Cerace stipatana birmensis Diakonoff, 1947”, and ’’Arch- bold Coll. B.M. 1926—391”. A new record of this subspecies is a male, labelled "Burma, Zacher”, (SM) (Diako- noff, in press). Another specimen, a female from the same museum, is only labelled: "Burmah”. Cerace stipatana stipatana Walker p. 209, 211. Cerace stipatana clara Diakonoff, 1950, p. 211. Syn. nov. Lectotype of C. stipatana stipatana Walker, 1863, hereby selected, a male, labelled: "India, Silhet.” (BM). I am satisfied that my subspecies C. s. clara should be suppressed. It is so variable, as to the brightness of the colouring of the huid wing and the exact shape of the anterior edge of the black marginal fascia, that the extremes cannot be satisfactorily discriminated from the nominate form. Additional material: ”Assam, R. Gunther don.”, 1 @ (VM). ”Khasia Hills”, 14, 19, ”Shaowu, Fukien, 500 m, 30.X.1937 (J. Klapperich), 1 9 (GAM). Nepal, Gorka, Chepe Tor, 1300 m, 7.V-10.VI1968 (Urkien), 29. "Himalaya", 19. Mokanshan, Prov. Chekiang, 16.VI.1930 (H. Hone), 19. (SM). Sikkim (Gutmaur), 19 (SMF). Cerace stipatana formosana Diakonoff DIAZ Lectotype, hereby designated, a male, labelled ”Koshun, Formosa”, ’’Swinhoe Coll. Brit. Mus. 1926— 239”, "Type 9, Cerace stipatana formosana A. Diakonoff, 1947” (BM.) A second specimen from the same locality has been found in the collection of the British Museum. Cerace stipatana exul Diakonoff Po 2112, The four specimens available bear the same locality and date labels; only the holo- type, male and the allotype, female, have been labelled with type labels by me in 1947. Additional material. A small male, completely similar to the holotype: “Kwang tzeh, Fukien, 18.11” (GAM). A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 101 Cerace lemeepauli Lemée (Fig. 7—8) Cerace Lemée-Pauli Lemée, 1950: 61 (®, Haut Tonkin). The female holotype, 51 mm, is labelled thus: "Haute Tonkin, Backan”, “Type” (red label), ”Cerase Lemée-Pauli, Backan” (sic). Genitalia slide 8061. Female genitalia. Ostium + colliculum considerably sclerotized, upper part of ostium distinctly constricted, forming a short “neck” with small horizontal folds of the lamella postvaginalis and with far projecting narrow lateral rims; frontal excision of ostium rather small and narrow-subtriangular. Colliculum gradually narrowed, almost as long as ostium is high. Signum strong, dark, with rather inequal teeth. The species is exactly similar to Cerace stipatana stipatana Walk. by the shape, the colouring and the markings. However, the female genitalia are distinct so that I prefer to maintain its specific status. Cerace malayana spec. nov. (Fig. 5—6) 9 44.5 mm. (Head missing). Thorax black with white spots (rubbed). Abdomen pale yellow. Fore wing oblong-suboval, long and narrow (7x20), costa strongly arched along the anterior fourth, straight in middle, less than posterior fourth gently curved, apex rectangularly notched, strongly prominent and rounded below notch, termen gently curved, strongly oblique. Black on costal half, purplish-black turning black- ferruginous on dorsal half, a suffused rather narrow median ferruginous streak in upper half of cell from well beyond base to top of wing, just above vein 5 and along vein 6; prominent part of termen bright orange, this colour slightly extending basad along end of vein 6; the entire wing densely covered with interneural rows of small more or less interconnected round white dots, costa transversely streaked with white; these streaks anteriorly reaching to upper edge of cell, posteriorly gradually becoming shorter. Cilia (imperfect) black, barred with white. Hind wing white faintly touched with yellowish, sparsely strewn with black scales, less than apical fourth purplish-black, edge rather well-defined, but irregular, tolerably straight, except a moderate excision in middle; this edge preceded by two round spots, below costa and above dorsum, respectively, and with a series of greyish, transversely oblong spots along costa to base (being black spots of underside showing through). Cilia (imperfect) black barred with white. Female genitalia. Ostium + colliculum short and broad, upper edge in front only shallowly excised, colliculum less than height of ostium. Signum moderate, smaller than in C. stipatana. Malay States, Bukit Kutu, 3300 ft (A. R. Sanderson), 1 9, holotype, genit. slide 7723. A rather slender species with very narrow fore wings, otherwise very similar to C. stipatana Walk., where width: length ratio of the fore wing in the female is about 9%: 25, but with less extended black colouring of the termen of hind wing, and with a distinctly shaped ostium. This is the southernmost locality in the area of distribution of the genus Cerace. 102 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 Cerace sardias Meyrick p. 212. — Clarke, 1958: 80, pl. 40 figs 2—26 (lectotype designated, © genit., wings, figured). Khasi Hills, Assam. CS. 05” slide 6827 BM. Except the male in BM, cited in my paper, two males have been discovered in the British Museum, labelled as follows: "Golaghat, Naga Hills, Assam’, nos. 40222 and 40223, respectively. One of these males has a black anal tuft, the other, also black but, pale yellow above. Bathypluta triphaenella var. nox (Diakonoff) status nov. Cerace triphaenella nox Diakonoff, 1941b: 378. This is a remarkable melanism; it should be regarded a a variety, not as a sub- species: the genitalia are similar, as is the locality, while the superficial differences with the nominate species are only those of the colouring. Bathypluta triphaenella var. melanoptra (Diakonoff) status nov. Cerace triphaenella melanoptera Diakonoff, 1941b: 378. Lectotype, hereby designated: the unique male syntype. Also this is a variety and not a subspecies, for the same reasons as above. REFERENCES Butler, A. G., 1881. — Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the British Museum 5: I—XII and 1—74, pls. 78—100. —, 1886. — On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India. — Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 355—395. Caradja, Prince Aristide, 1925. — Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden, nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt. — Anal. Acad. Romane [3] 8: 1—128, pl. 1. ——, 1938. — Materialien zu einer Microlepidopteren-Fauna von Atuntse in Nord-Yünnan. — Stettiner Ent. Zeitg. 99: 247—257. Cotes, E. C. & C. Swinhoe, 1889. — See Swinhoe. Diakonoff, A., 1939. — The genera of Indo-Malayan and Papuan Tortricidae. — Zool. Meded. 21: 1i1—240. ———, 1941a. — New Asiatic and Papuan Tortricidae, with records of other species. — Treubia 18: 29—44, pl. 1A. , 1941b. — Tortricidae chiefly from the collection of the Institute for Plant Diseases at Buitenzorg. — Treubia 18: 377—392, pl. 16. , 1950. — A revision of the family Ceracidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). — Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent. I: 171—219, p. 1—34. , 1956. — Early stages of the ‘Ceracidae’ (Lepidoptera), with remarks on the true position of the group. — Zool. Med. 39: 59—66, figs. 1—3, pl. 9. , 1961. — Taxonomy of the higher groups of the Tortricoidea. — Verh. XI Intern. Kongr. Ent. 1: 124—126. Esaki, T., 1932. — Nippon Konchu Zukan, Iconographia insectorum japonicorum, 2477 pp. Tokyo. Filipjev, N., 1930. — Lepidopterologische Notizen. VII. Eine neue Tortricidengattung aus den Gebirgen des Ussurigebietes. — Comptes rendues Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., [A]: 373—375, figs. 1—3. Fletcher, T. Bainbrigge, 1929. — A list of the generic names used for Microlepidoptera. — Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Ent. 11: I—IX, 1—244. Calcutta. Leech, J. H., 1890. — New species of Lepidoptera from China. — Entomologist 23: 26—50, 81—89, 109—114. Lemée, A. & W. H. T. Tams, 1950. — Contribution à l'étude des Lépidoptéres du Haut-Tonkin (Nord-Vietnam) et de Saigon: I—V, 1—82, 1 plate. Paris-Londres. MacKay, M. R., 1962. — Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). — Canad, Ent., Suppl. 28, p. 1—182, of which 86 figures. A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini 103 Matsumura, S., 1931. — 6000 Illustrations of Insects of the Japan-Empire, 1527 pp. Tokyo. , 1932. — Insecta Matsumurana, 6: 199. Meyrick, Edward, 1894. — I. On a collection of Lepidoptera from Upper Burma. — Trans. Ent. Soc. London: 1—29. 1907. — Descriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera, III. — Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 730—754. 1908. — New Microlepidoptera from India and Burma. — Rec. Ind. Mus. 2: 395—400. 1910. — Revision of Australian Tortricina. — Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 35: 139—294. 1912a (March). — Exotic Microlepidoptera 1: 17—32. in Wagner, 1912b. — Lepidopterorum Catalogus, fasc. 10: 1—86. in Wytsman, 1913, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 140: 1—81, pl. 1—5. 1914. — H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute, Pterophoridae, Tortricidae, Eucosmidae, Ge- lechiidae, Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Hyponomeutidae, Heliodinidae, Sesiidae, Gly- phipterygidae, Plutellidae, Tineidae, Adelidae (Lep.). — Ent. Mitteil., Suppl. 3: 45—62. , 1922 (March). — Exotic Microlepidoptera: 2: 437—512. Moore, 1867. — On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal. — Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867: 612—686, pis. 32—33. 1888. — Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, M. A., F.L.S., etc., Heterocera (continued): 199—299, pls. 7—8. Calcutta. Obraztsov, N., 1949. — Materialien zu einer Revision der palaearktischen Tortricinae-Gattungen (Lep., Tortricidae) 1. Allgemeine Aufleitung der Unterfamilie Tortricinae und die Tribe Ceraciini. — Entomon 1: 200—206, figs. 1—3. Snellen, P. C. T., 1903. — Beschrijvingen van nieuwe exotische Tortricinen, Tineinen en Ptero- phorinen, tevens aanteekeningen van reeds bekend gemaakte soorten. — Tijdschr. v. Entom. 46: 24—57. Swinhoe, C., in E. C. Cotes & C. Swinhoe, 1889. — A catalogue of the Moths of India, vol. 6. — Crambites, Tortrices and Addenda: 671—812. Walker, Francis, 1863. — List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 38. Tortricites & Tineites: 287—561. Walsingham, Lord & J. H. Durrant, iz C. Swinhoe, 1900 [1899]. — Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the Oxford University Museum. Part 2. Pterophoridae and Tineina: 541—585. Oxford. Wileman, A. E. & H. Stringer, 1929. — Seven new species of Tortricina from Formosa and the Philippine Islands. — The Entomologist 62: 65—68. Wisherd, E. L. & H. Murayama, 1929. — Insect rivals of the rainbow. — National Geographic. Mag. 56: 28—90, 24 pls. Yasuda, T., 1965. — A study of the Japanese Tortricidae II. — Kontyü 33: 1—6, fig. 1—2, pls. 1—2. , in Akira Mituura cs, 1969. — Early stages of Japanese moths in colour 2: I—VI, 1—237. Osaka. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 3, 1970 PLAAT 1 Plate 1. Male genitalia of Eurydoxa tetrakore (Wileman & Stringer), holotype A. DIAKONOFF: Notes on the Ceracini MEET MI Te i À i DEEL 113 UNIVERSI AFLEVERING 4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING oe ile V3 &, RY n I = INHOUD S. G. KIRIAKOFF. — New or less known Indo-Australian Notodontidae (Lepidoptera), p. 105—123, Fig. 1—20. | Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 113, afl. 4 Gepubliceerd 10-VIII-1970 | NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) . . . + G. Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter (Vice- Bee) NNT] INTEL Secretaris m((SECHELAL) Nee een EV Hellinza Address Mee EE perde Srl Amsterdam-O. Penningmeester Ce NA ais WT a abos AD ct „2 . . « « Van Baerlestraat 26 I, Amsterdam-Z. Bibliothecaris (Librarian) EO RO ARA CANE ni coke AAA Ne . à . . + + Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O. Leden (Members) . . . . 2 . . . . G. van Rossem, A. F. H. Besemer AFDELING VOOR TOEGEPASTE ENTCMOLOGIE (DIVISION OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY) BESTUUR (BOARD) Moorzitters (Chairman) fe NATE NH Besemer Seeretaris, (Sectetaty) NN D LABS: van dersGeest Address. . : © 2 2 2 + +» + Mauritskade 69 A, Amsterdam-O. Leden (Members) . . . . . . . . . L. Bravenboer, J. J. Laarman, J. B. M. van Dinther Publicaties van de Vereniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or direct from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O., except for Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, which is available through booksellers or from the Noord-Holland Editing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editorial Board) . . . . . . Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, C. A. W. Jeekel, M. A. Lieftinck, J. T. Wiebes Address . … ... 2 . . . . .Ritksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350—400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. MONOGRAFIEEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING Redactie (Editorial Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors série: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al, 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs, 2 pl., map. D.Fl. 60—. No. 1. A. J. Besseling, 1964. — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille, 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp., 333 figs., D.Fl. 30.—. NEW OR LESS KNOWN INDO-AUSTRALIAN NOTODONTIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) by S. G. KIRIAKOFF Ghent, Belgium ABSTRACT Beschrijving van twintig nieuwe soorten Notodontidae, alsook van de neallotype van Melagona dentata Gaede, uit het Indo-Australisch fauna-gebied, in de verzamelingen van het British Museum (Natural History). Description of twenty new species of Indo-Australian Notodontidae, and of the neallotype of Melagona dentata Gaede, in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History). Most of the species described below were collected in 1937/38 by the professional Dutch collector, the late J. P. A. Kalis, in Celebes, then Netherlands East Indies. Part of Kalis’ material was acquired by Lord Rothschild, and is in the collections at Tring, now property of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Some specimens are in the Roepke Collection, now in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Nether- lands; they have been studied by the late Professor W. Roepke who mentioned a few in his “Remarks on new or little known Indomalayan moths” (Natuurhistorisch Maand blad, Maastricht, vol. 32 (1943) seq.). I have studied the material preserved at Tring which has remained unidentified and which proved to contain several apparently new species. The remaining descriptions refer to unidentified material in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Acknowledgments are due to the Trustees of the British Museum. Mr. D. S. Fletcher, of the same Museum, has been most helpful, as on numerous previous occasions. All of the genital preparations of Celebes species and sketches thereof have been made by Mr. M. Shaffer, British Museum (Natural History). Finally I have to thank the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, for financial aid. Porsica sidaonta sp. nov. (Fig. 9) Holotype, male. — Antennae pale yellowish brown; palpi pale yellowish variegated with brown, and dark brown above; frons dark brown; thorax above pale straw yellowish with the bases of tegulae browner; pectus and legs pale yellowish; flanks with a brown stripe; legs streaked with brown; basal abdominal crest pale yellowish; the four first abdominal rings pale buff, the rest greyish brown, with pale yellowish edges to the rings; underside yellower; anal tuft brown at base, then pale yellowish. Ground colour of the forewing pale straw yellow, more or less strongly tinged with umber brown, except in the dorsal area of the basal half, and in the terminal area; proximal lines represented by irregularly placed black dots; costa spotted with black; at one third of dorsum, a conspicuous squarish brown patch, preceded and followed by a black lunule; median line rather indistinct, straight; area around the discocellular rather 105 106 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 broadly tinged with darker chocolate brown; discocellular streak dark brown, edged with ground colour; outer line outcurved, running from beyond 3/4 of costa to 3/4 of dorsum, double, consisting of small dots proximally, of short arrowheads distally, the latter edged distally with pale yellow, and followed by a conspicuous, very irregularly shaped dark brown band across the wing; terminal area yellow, faintly tinged with brown, with an irregular subterminal row of spots, and a terminal series of deep black spots; cilia concolorous, faintly streaked with brownish. Hindwing with the basal 2/3 pale yellowish; terminal portion light greyish brown; veins spotted with brown in the pale area; cilia pale brown at the base, then yellowish with brown spots edged with whitish. Length of forewing 26,5 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus narrow, especially distally, with a small terminal hook. Te- gumen narrow. Valva elongate, with the distal portion triangular; valvula and the basal portion of sacculus strongly sclerified, the saccular part ending in a sharp pro- cess; margin of sacculus faintly denticulate distally. Aedeagus about 3/5 of valva, robust, faintly arched; fultura inferior very deeply excised in middle of distal margin, forming two lobes rounded terminally. Saccus hardly developed. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite semi-circular. The structure described is very much like that in P. ingens Walker, in which however, the sclerified basal part of valva ends in two finger-shaped processes of equal length, and the fultura inferior is hardly excised in middle. Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe District, Sidaonta 4500 ft, VI.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Porsica palua sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Holotype, male. — Antennae dark grey brown; palpi, head and collar wood brown; occiput paler; tegulae whitish grey; pectus and legs pale brown; forelegs streaked with dark brown; abdomen yellowish grey with a brownish tinge above. Basal area of fore- wing, to the inner line, pale orange brown streaked with blackish; proximal half of dorsal area strongly suffused with white; a conspicuous black dorsal patch near the distal margin of the basal area; inner line running from 3/7 of costa to 3/7 of dorsum, outcurved, consisting of black dots slightly edged with whitish; outer part of wing darker greyish brown with the veins blackish, partly spotted with pale; costal half darker, sepia brown; discocellular spot sepia brown edged with pale umber; outer line pale umber, running from 2/3 of costa to 3/4 of dorsum, outcurved; a terminal series of minute black lines on lunules; cilia yellowish with a pale brown subterminal line bearing a series of darker brown dots. Hindwing dirty yellowish, with a greyish discocellular mark; apical area, extending to vein 2, brownish grey; veins slighly darker; terminal line of black lines; cilia pale at base, with yellowish nervural spots, a brownish median line, and pale tips. Length of forewing, 18 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus rather broad, semi-elliptical. Tegumen narrow. Valva elongate; distal part broad, spade-shaped; valvula ending in a horn-shaped process, preceded by a small plate bearing a long pilosity. Aedeagus slightly shorter than valva, rather slender; fultura inferior weak. Saccus not developed. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite narrowing distally, with the terminal margin bearing an excision in the shape of a very blunt angle (about 150°). These stuctures are rather similar to those observed in P. curvaria Hampson. S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae, 107 Figs. 1—5. Male genitalia of Notodontidae. 1, Micromelalopha montium sp. n., 2, Xenoclostera argyrocraspeda sp. n.; 3, Omichlis macrospila sp. n.; 4, Quadricalcarifera chambae sp. n.; 5, Schoutenia bivittata sp. n. 108 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe District, Mt. Tompoe, 2700 ft., 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Gargetta tompua sp. nov. (Fig. 7) Holotype, male. — Antennae grey, with the shaft whitish; palpi pale brown, with the last joint darker; head and collar brown; tegulae pale buffish brown at base, then grey edged with creamy; thorax grey brown above and below; legs more yellowish with the inner side brownish; abdomen yellowish brown grey. Forewing with three dentate pale yellowish lines, viz. subbasal, inner and outer; base of the wing and discal field yellowish tinged with rufous brown; space between the subbasal and the inner lines dark brown; terminal space pale yellowish, dark brown in costal area, more brownish before the tornus; all veins blackish spotted with pale, and with black dots on the edges of the lines; of the latter, both proximal strongly dentate, the outer outcurved to vein 1, then angled inwards; terminal line black with white dots on the extremities of veins; cilia buffish with pale brown basal dots at the tips of the veins, and with creamy tips. Hindwing dirty creamy brownish, with the distal third brownish grey; a very obsolete postdiscal pale line; terminal line brownish; cilia with pale tips. Length of forewing, 17 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus consisting of two broad, slightly diverging lobes; gnathi short and slender, hairy. Tegumen rather narrow. Valva elongate and broad, with the margins nearly parallel, and with the apex rounded; sacculus bearing at middle a short process. Aedeagus about 2/3 of valva, rather slender; fultura inferior membranous. Saccus short, rounded. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite slightly narrower distally, with the terminal margin faintly concave. These stuctures are much as in G. costigera Walker, but that species has pointed arms of the uncus and an arched aedeagus. Holotype, male: SW. Celebes, Tjamba, near Maros, 1500 ft., 11.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis). Paratype, male, a small specimen from the same locality has the dark brown proximal band much reduced, much paler, otherwise not different. Length of forewing 14 mm. Schoutenia gen. nov. Antennae of male bipectinate for 6/7 of their length. Palpi short, upcurved. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewing shaped as in the genus Phalera. In the forewing, veins 3 and 4 well separated; 5 from above the middle of discocellular; 6, 10, 7, 8+9 stalked, stalks of 6 and 7 short. In the hindwing, veins 3 and 4 from nearly a point; 5 from above middle of discocellular, latter incurved; 6 and 7 stalked for about 1/7 of 7; 8 approximated to cell as far as nearly 2/3 of the latter. Male genitalia. — Xth tergite cut squarely in front; uncus elongate and narrow, especially in distal half, nearly straight; gnathi simple, slender, arched. Valva broad, with the costal margin strongly convex and with the sacculus nearly straight; costa bearing before middle a strong hook-shaped process. Aedeagus nearly twice as long as the costa, rather robust, nearly straight; distal end produced ventrally; fultura inferior with the distal margin rounded. Saccus broadly rounded. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite strong, with a rounded excision at middle of the distal margin. Type-species, Schoutenia bivittata sp. nov. S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 109 Schoutenia bivittata sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Holotype, male. — Antennae rufous buff with the basal tuft white mixed with brown; palpi dark brown, with the underside and the tip whitish; gula and periocular region dark brown; rest of head and thorax above white mixed with brown; collar with a brown median spot; pectus and legs pale buffish; legs streaked with dark brown; abdomen buffish. Forewing whitish; a broad subbasal band of Vandyck brown, directed obliquely outwards, broadening and becoming diffuse towards the dorsum, and edged with dark brown from costa to vein 1; middle portion of costa with brown sprinkling; disc with a few brown scales; outer line dark brown, beginning near the apex, double, broadly incurved from costa to vein 3 where it is sharply angled outwards, becoming simple and incurved from vein 3 to vein 1; a brown shadow on its distal margin, from apex to base of vein 4; a subterminal series of small brown dots; terminal line brown; cilia spotted with brown. Hindwing yellowish at the base; rest suffused with light chocolate rufous; cilia brownish with pale ends. Length of the forewing, 17 mm. Male genitalia. — See above. Holotype, male: North Dutch New Guinea, Waigeu Id., Camp Nok, 2500 ft., V.1938 (L. E. Cheesman). Norraca celebica sp. nov. (Fig. 8) Holotype, male. — Antennae pale brown; palpi brownish creamy; upperside of palpi, frons and periocular region dark brown; head creamy white with a brown occipital line; collar, inner part of tegulae and middle of thorax suffused with umber brown, with a dark brown median line on collar, joining the brown occipital line; rest of thorax and abdomen creamy; legs tinged with brown above; dorsal abdominal tufts tinged with rufous buff; anal tuft nearly white. Forewing pale creamy yellow, sprinkled with chestnut, except in distal third; dorsal area light chestnut, sending out a subterminal line, parallel with termen and reaching vein 4; a light chestnut streak from base of wing to apex, broadening distally and forming a patch in interval IV and part of interval V; a dark brown dot below cell, another on vein 1 at two thirds of wing; a few basal dots; an external row of brown nervural dots; a subterminal row of internervural dots; cilia concolorous. Hindwing coloured like forewing, but suffused with orange rufous, except in costal area. Length of forewing, 22 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus lobe-shaped; gnathi short, rather slender, arched. Tegumen rather narrow. Valva relatively short, tapering distally, without processes. Aedeagus about as long as the valva, rather robust, nearly straight, bearing subterminally two pointed processes; fultura inferior little differentiated; fultura superior produced into a long, rather narrow process, expanded laterally at its distal margin. Saccus not well differentiated. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite narrowing distally; proximal margin bilobate; a median longitudinal groove, ending in two short processes; tergal plate with the median portion partly membranous. Not unlike Ambadra celebensis (Roepke), but the male genitalia of course different. Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Mt. Tompoe, Paloe, 2700 ft., 1.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). In my generic revision of the Indo-Australian Notodontidae (in Genera Insectorum, 1968, p. 94) I have mistakenly referred Twrnaca celebensis Roepke (Natuurhist. Maandbl. Maastricht, 32 (1943): 101, fig. 14a, b) to Szriga suriga (Schaus). In fact 110 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 Figs. 6—10. Male genitalia of Notodontidae. 6, Porsica palua sp.n.; 7, Gargetta tompua sp.n.; 8, Norraca celebica sp.n.; 9, Porsica sidaonta sp.n.; 10, Cerura timorensis sp.n. S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 111 it belongs to the genus Ambadra Moore and differs from A. rafflesi (Moore) sufficiently to be granted a specific status. The correct name should be accordingly Ambadra cele- bensis (Roepke) comb. nov. Cerura timorensis sp. nov. (Fig. 10) Holotype, male. — General coloration silvery white; antennae brown; palpi blackish; prothorax tinged with brownish; metathorax with two brownish grey spots; pectus brown; inside of legs and tarsi blackish brown; abdomen with a double row of greyish spots dorsally, and with a series of partly fused lateral spots. Forewing with a subbasal and an inner oblique line of pale buff, edged rather obscurely on both sides with black lunules; costa spotted with black in proximal half, and also subapically; discocellular mark faint, pale buff with a very indistinct margin of black dots; traces of an oblique double distal line of black dots; an irregular line of dots, running from near apex to tornus, concave between costa and vein 4 where it is angulate, then again concave; cilia with round black spots. Hindwing with brownish veins, spotted with pale buff, the lat- ter colour also appearing in the anal area; underside with a black discocellular mark. Length of forewing 16 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus short, rhomboidal; gnathi short and broad. Valva rather narrow at base, broadening distally, but again narrower in the terminal third. Aedeagus longer than the valva, shaped like an elephant’s tusk; fultura inferior narrow. Saccus short, rounded. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite membraneous proximally; the strongly sclerified distal third three-pronged, the median prong broader and faintly denticulate terminally; tergal plate much broader, weakly sclerified, with the distal margin produced at the angles and slighty concave at middle. A distinct species, very much smaller than the other forms from Oceania, and diffe- rently marked. Holotype, male: Suai, Portuguese Timor, 1-7.XII.1912 (E. Wahr). Cerura australis Scott and C. multipunctata Bethune-Baker very probably are con- specific. Quadricalcarifera eichhorni sp. nov. (Fig. 15) Holotype, male. — Antennae light rufous brown, palpi buff, with dark brown. above; periocular region dark brown; rest of head and collar white, with a few brown hair scales; collar barred with chocolate brown; rest of thorax above chocolate brown mixed with whitish and with greenish; pectus and legs pale chocolate buff; fore tibiae streaked with brown; sides of abdominal crest rufous grey, middle chocolate brown; rest of abdomen chocolate brown above, yellowish brown below. Base of forewing dark brown, sprinkled with light metallic green, and with a large pale yellow blotch occupying the fore half; ba- sal area limited distally by a fine wavy black line; discal area dark brown, especially dis- tally, more or less sprinkled with light green; a pale yellow costal spot cellular and sub- cellular marks white, very conspicuous; discocellular mark also white, but rather indistinct; outer line not marked, but the dark brown distal part of discal area has its margin incurved between veins 4 and 6 and slightly produced in interval III; terminal area much paler, sprinkled with pale yellowish green; subterminal line very conspicuous, wavy, irregular; termen darker brown; cilia dark brown, with yellowish dots. Hindwing A 112 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 yellowish; anal area tinged with orange; costal area whitish, barred with brown, the subapical bar very broad and slightly sprinkled with green, and prolonged by a faint brownish postdiscal line; termen brownish; cilia light brown, spotted with yellowish. Length of forewing 22 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus relatively broad, especially distally; gnathos distinctly shorter and narrower, especially at base. Tegumen narrow. Valva relatively short, narrow, leaf-shaped. Aedeagus about twice as long as the valva, robust, with the proximal portion spoon-shaped; fultura inferior flatly convex distally. Saccus triangular, with a short, blunt terminal process. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite with the proximal process short, about one third of the length of the plate; distal margin producted at the angles, con- cave at middle, with fine denticulations. Nearest to Q. mediobrunnea Bethune-Baker, which latter differs in the terminal margin of uncus broadened and excised at middle, valvae produced at tip, aedeagus much more slender distally, angles of the distal margin of the sternal plate not produced. Holotype, male: New Ireland, 1.1924 (A. F. Eichhorn). Quadricalcarifera uskwara sp. nov. (Fig. 13) Holotype, male. — Antennae rufous brown; palpi buff, but reddish brown above and on the outer side; head and thorax above chocolate brown, with whitish hair scales; pectus and legs dirty buff; forelegs streaked above with chocolate brown; abdomen grey brown; anal area and anal tuft tinged with reddish; underside dirty buff. Basal area of the forewing yellowish with turquoise scales, and limited by a double black inner line, broken on the media, rather obscurely filled in with green; rest of the wing dark chocolate brown, sparsely sprinkled with turquoise; discocellular mark obsolete; outer line of black lunules, followed by spots, angled inwards in intervals IV and, more strongly, I; terminal area more or less strongly sprinkled with turquoise; subterminal line irregular; cilia dark chocolate brown, with whitish dots. Hindwing dark chocolate grey, pale yellowish at the base; costa very dark chocolate brown with two spots of turquoise; cilia paler at the extremities and with whitish dots. Length of forewing 20.5 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus moderately broad, with the sides parallel and the tip rounded; gnathos much narrower, but of about the same length. Valva elongate leaf-shaped. Aedeagus about as long as the valva, spoon-shaped proximally and distally; fultura inferior concave distally; fultura superior narrower and with the middle incision much reduced laterally; both fulturae with well furnished pilosity. Saccus broad, tapering distally to a short process. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite with the sides more or less parallel; proximal process slender, rather short, curved; distal margin faintly concave. Nearest to Q. trivia Kiriakoff, but the valva has no subterminal fold, the aedeagus is much more slender distally, and the fulturae are hairy. Holotype, male: Uskwara, Humboldt Bay district, Dutch New Guinea, 1.V.1935 (W. Stüber). Quadricalcarifera paranga sp. nov. (Fig. 14) Holotype, male. — Antennae rufous with the basal tuft yellowish; palpi whitish, tinged with rufous on the outer side and brown above; head and collar yellowish, the latter with a subterminal brownish line; thorax yellowish brown above; pectus S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 113 Figs. 11—15. Male genitalia of Notodontidae. 11, Quadricalcarifera alboviridis sp.n.; 12, Q. rbypara sp.n.; 13, Q. uskwara sp.n.; 14, Q. paranga sp.n.; 15, Q. eichhorni sp.n. 114 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 and legs paler; gula and inside of forelegs dark chocolate brown; basal abdominal crest brown, paler on edges; abdomen light rufous brown, paler and more yellowish on the underside. Forewing light olive grey; base paler and tinged with yellow, limited distally by the double, oblique inner line; typical markings with rather indistinct whitish edges; outer line double, lunulate, incurved in intervals IV and V, filled in with darker olive grey; costal area sprinkled with metallic green scales around the outer line; a dark olive grey dorsal spot on the distal margin of the outer line; subterminal line fine, irregular; cilia browner, with yellowish spots. Hindwing pale chocolate brown, darker in the anal area; costa yellowish, barred with brown and olive; terminal line brownish; cilia checquered brownish and pale yellowish. Length of forewing 20 mm. Near ©. triplagosa (Rothschild), but much more sprinkled with green scales. Male genitalia. — Uncus broad, with the sides parallel and the tip hardly convex; gnathos narrow at the base, but much broadened distally, where it is circular-shaped and as broad as the uncus. Valva rather short and narrow, curved distally. Aedeagus nearly twice the length of the valva, robust, produced proximally into a narrow process, and bearing subterminally a few minute cornuti; fultura inferior with the distal margin regularly excised. Saccus very broad, semi-elliptical, with a short, slender terminal process. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite parallelogram-shaped; proximal process slender, about half the length of the plate; distal sclerified margin produced at the angles, with a small median excision, and minutely denticulate terminally. ©. triplagosa has a nar- rower uncus, broadening and slightly bilobate distally; aedeagus distinctly slenderer distally, and with terminal denticulations; sternal plate of the VIIIth urite with angles not produced. Holotype, male: S.W. Celebes, Lampobattang, Parang-bobo Goa, 5000 ft., V.1938 (NPA alls): Quadricalcarifera alboviridis sp. nov. (Fig. 11) Holotype, male. — Antennae with the shaft whitish and the pectinations rufous brown; basal tuft yellowish green; palpi dark brown with the underside whitish; frons whitish; rest of head greyish brown; thorax above greyish brown with a few greenish hair scales; pectus and legs brownish creamy; gula and inside of the forelegs chocolate brown; abdo- men greyish brown. Forewing light umber grey; base covered with yellowish scales and limited by the inner line; the latter double, oblique, conspicuously filled in with white; dorsal lunule without the white filling; costal and dorsal area of the wing sprinkled with yellowish green; discal and terminal areas also with scattered green scales; typical mar- kings hardly indicated, with paler margins; outer line also indistinct; subterminal line fine, irregular, formed of M-shaped bars; cilia darker brown, dotted with pale yellowish. Hindwing white; veins and anal area yellowish brown; costa umber grey with green scales and barred with whitish; terminal line yellowish brown; cilia brownish, spotted and terminated with whitish. Length of forewing 19 mm. Nearest to ©. viridimargo Kiriakoff, but much greener and with the base of the forewings white. Male genitalia. — Uncus narrow, distinctly curved; gnathos shaped about like the uncus, and of about the same length. Tegumen broadening distally. Valva very much elongate, narrow, produced terminally into a finger-shaped process. Aedeagus about the same length as the valva, tapering distally, with the extreme tip slightly bent and bearing S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 115 a few short black spinules or cornuti; fultura inferior lance-shaped. Saccus rather short, with the terminal process slender, as long as the broad portion of the saccus. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite broad, with the sides parallel; proximal process short; the broad sclerified distal margin forming a very blunt angle. ©. viridimargo has the uncus and the gnathos very much shorter, and the terminal portion of the aedeagus is differently shaped. Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe district, Mt. Tompoe, 2700 ft, 11.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Quadricalcarifera rhypara sp. nov. (Fig. 12) Holotype, male. — Antennae brown; palpi deep chocolate brown, with the underside pale orange; head, collar, thorax above and basal abdominal crest dark brown, mixed with pale yellowish hair scales; pectus and legs buff; fore and median legs brown inside; tarsi ringed with chocolate brown and buff; abdomen yellowish brown; sides and anal tuft brown; underside buff. Forewing dark chocolate brown, finely sprinkled with yel- lowish and with green scales, the latter lacking in the subterminal area; base streaked with deep brownish black and with yellowish; typical markings rather conspicuously edged with pale yellowish; outer line consisting of a series of elongate deep chocolate black spots, running obliquely inwards from near apex to the discocellular; spot in interval III much more distal; rest of the line running approximately at right angle with the dorsum; terminal line fine, irregular; cilia with yellowish streaklets and very narrowly edged with yellowish. Hindwing yellowish; anal area pale orange; terminal area brownish; costa broadly grey brown with a yellowish bar and a large blackish chocolate subapical spot; terminal line and spots on cilia brownish. Length of forewing 19 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus broad, especially distally, with the terminal margin slightly bilobate; gnathos distinctly narrower and relatively more strongly broadened distally. Tegumen very narrow. Valva narrow, curved, tapering distally. Aedeagus about twice as long as the valva, very robust proximally, moderately so distally; fultura inferior oval, with the distal margin produced medially and excised laterally. Saccus broadly triangular, with the sides slightly concave. Differs from ©. mediobrunnea Bethune- Baker in the absence of a finger-like terminal process of valva and that of pilosity on fultura inferior. Holotype, male: S.W. Celebes, Tjamba near Maros, 1500 ft, 11.1938 (J. P. A. Kalis). Quadricalcarifera chambae sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Holotype, male. — Antennae rufous buff; palpi buff, dark brown above; head and collar with mixed black and rufous brown scales; edge of collar narrowly whitish; thorax above blackish brown; pectus and legs buffy grey; basal abdominal crest blackish brown; abdomen orange brown. Forewing chocolate grey; a black basal streak, reaching the inner line; the latter black, double, filled in with whitish, with the proximal element broader, running from Y, of costa obliquely inwards, angled in interval I, then outcurved, reaching the dorsum at 15; a roundish cell spot and discocellular mark whitish, rather indistinct; outer line of rather diffuse black lunules, edged proximally with whitish, running from near apex and incurved to vein 4, then parallel with termen; a series of very indistinct subterminal dark marks; terminal line brown; cilia grey brown. 116 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 Hindwing dirty whitish; extremities of veins brownish; costal area brownish grey, barred with whitish; cilia grey brown. Length of forewing 25 mm. This specimen was labelled in the British Museum as Stauropus grisea Hampson. Male genitalia. — Belongs to the typical group of the genus (©. swbgenerts Strand). Uncus relatively very narrow, especially distally, faintly arched; gnathos broad distally and rounded terminally, very slightly longer than the uncus. Valva with both parts fused together, narrow and elongate; costa produced into a lobe; sacculus ending in a hook-shaped process. Aedeagus notably longer than valva, more slender in its middle portion, broadening proximally and distally; fultura inferior sickle-shaped. Saccus very broad proximally, triangular, ending in a short, slender process. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite with the distal margin deeply excised; proximal process short and broadish; tergal plate slightly excised distally; proximal margin with two short submedian processes. Holotype, male: Dalhousie (coll. Harford). Loda gen. nov. Antennae of male long bipectinate to 3 of shaft; longest pectinations about 7x the breadth of shaft; a fan-shaped basal crest; palpi not reaching the vertex of head, rising, last joint pointed; frons with a knob; hind tibiae with a single pair of spurs; abdomen teaching well beyond the anal angle of hindwings, with a long dorsal and a short ven- tral anal tuft. Forewing narrow; costa straight to middle, then faintly arched; apex rounded; termen oblique, straight except subapically; tornus very blunt; dorsum straight except at the base. Neuration: vein 2 from 7/10 of cell; 3 and 4 well separated; 5 from slightly above middle of discocellular; areole absent; vein 6 short stalked with the longer stalk of 10, 7, 8+9. Neuration of the hindwing: vein 2 from 24 of cell; 3 and 4 from a point; 5 from slightly above middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked for slightly less than 1/4; 8 approximated to cell to near end. Near Pseudohoplitts Gaede but vein 6 is stalked with 7—10, and 5 arising only slightly above middle of discocellular. Male genitalia. — Uncus nearly elliptical; gnathi short, slender, upcurved. Tegumen broad. Valva moderately broad at base, narrowing distally, with the sides of distal half nearly parallel; a strong horn-shaped process at base of costa. Aedeagus shorter than sacculus, rather robust, with a large transverse terminal plate; fultura inferior mem- braneous. Saccus very short, semi-circular. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite broad, with the proximal margin sclerified and with the distal margin with an excision in the shape of a very blunt angle; tergal plate forming laterally two large lobes. Near the genus Pseudohoplitis, which differs in the position and shape of the basal process of valva, in the shape of the valva, and in that of the aedeagus, the latter being fully as long as the sacculus, slender except distally, curved, without any terminal plate; fultura inferior almond-shaped, with small lateral projections. Type-species: Loda celebensis sp. nov. Loda celebensis sp. nov. (Fig. 19) Holotype, male. — Antennae brown; basal part of shaft and a large basal crest whitish; palpi and head umber brown; collar, middle of thorax and base of tegulae also umber brown; rest of tegulae very pale brownish, edged with whitish on the inner mar- S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 117 gins; pectus rufous buff; legs paler; gula and forelegs tinged with umber brown; basal abdominal crest dark umber brown at middle, silky buffy brown at sides, like the rest of abdomen. Basal area of forewing, limited by the inner line, yellowish, streaked with umber brown and bluish, and becoming Vandyck brown distally; inner line fine, black, outcurved; remainder of wing umber brown, but much darker, nearly sepia brown, in costal area; mark of the discocellular hardly visible, slightly paler; outer line fine, black, strongly dentate, running from 34 of costa to 34 of dorsum, outcurved from costa to vein 3, then incurved; a rather conspicuous distal yellowish white edge on costa, and several yellowish white arrow-shaped marks at the tips of the indentations; costal half of outer area yellowish; costal line dark chocolate brown spotted with yellowish; dorsal half Vandyck brown, merging into the umber brown tinge of the subterminal area, with an irregular, dentate yellowish subterminal line; extreme terminal area becoming bluish grey; veins between the subterminal line and termen, also bluish grey; cilia pale yellow- ish with brown triangles spotted with white at the extremities of veins. Hindwing pale rufous grey; base yellowish; a very faint postdiscal pale band; veins and terminal line brownish; cilia yellowish, spotted with brownish. Length of forewing 18 mm. Male genitalia. — See above. Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe district, Loda, 4000 ft. V.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Omichlis macrospila sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Holotype, male. — Antennae with the shaft pale yellowish and the pectinations chocolate brown; palpi pale straw yellow, chocolate brown above; general coloration of body and of forewing pale straw yellow; periophthalmic region, upper side of legs, narrow edge to patagia and tips of tegulae chocolate brown. Markings of forewing fine, brown; subbasal line wavy; inner line broadly so, preceded by black dots on the extremi- ties of the indentations directed basad; a faint shadow across the line; outer line dentate, much approximated to the inner line below vein 2, with a blackish spot con- necting both lines in interval I; a dentate median or discal line visible in the costal half of wing, preceded in cell by an orange tinge; no distinct discocellular spot; between outer and subterminal lines a row of black dots; subterminal line of fine lunules; a large umber brown blotch covering most of the costal half of distal area, broader distally, and with its distal outline dentate; terminal line and base of cilia brown; extremities of cilia white. Hindwing yellowish rufous, becoming straw yellow in the anal third; dark spots before the anal angle, as usual in the genus Omichlis; cilia rufous brown, spotted and edged with pale. Length of forewing 17,5 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus very elongate and narrow, bearing at middle of its ventral side a large, terminally bifid process; distal edge broadened, somewhat cordiform; gnathi relatively small, broad, compressed, upcurved, with a slender basal process. Valva narrow and elongate, with a slender terminal process; costal fold with a tooth-shaped process at two thirds; the broad and elongate plate of valvula incurved at the distal margin, with ventral denticulations. Aedeagus short and robust, with a small terminal lateral process; fultura inferior cup-shaped. Saccus very short, cut square. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite rhomboidal. These structures differ from all other structures in the genus Omichlis known to me in the peculiar shape of the uncus, especially its strongly protracted dorsal portion. The new species is nearest to O. hadromeres Turner, from which it differs in the very 118 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 well defined and conspicuous brown blotch ín the outer area of the forewing; the black dot above dorsum is absent; and the male genitalia are very different. Holotype, male: Nomnagihé, Dutch New Guinea, 25 miles S of Wangaar, 2000 ft., I-II.1921 (C. F. and J. Pratt). Melagona dentata Gaede Gaede (in Seitz) has described the female of this species. The male has not yet been described. The male genitalia, however, were described by me in Notodontidae, pars tertia (in Genera Insectorum), p. 208 and fig. 152. Several specimens, both males and females, are in the material collected by Mr. Kalis. Here follows the description of the male, neallotype. Differs from the female in all colours being brighter. Antennae denticulate. Collar yellowish; basal abdominal crest chocolate brown at the base, then yellowish. Ground colour of the forewing dark chocolate grey; across the wing, an oblique rusty brown band, running from 15 of costa to tornus but not reaching the latter; mark of the discocellular white as in female; middle of dorsum with a square greenish patch, edged proximally and distally by black lines; space between the patch and the oblique band, rufous orange; space beyond the oblique band, from costa to vein 4 and to outer line, greenish; outer line of fine black lunules, with an arrow-shaped streak in interval I; a large subapical costal chocolate-black spot with the veins in it orange; space beyond the outer line, lilac grey; terminal area of ground colour, about 4 mm broad, becoming greenish on termen, and bearing a row of minute black dots; terminal line black; cilia bright umber brown with yellowish basal dots. Hindwing as in female, but the yellow- ish ground colour clearer, and with the terminal brownish shadow narrower; terminal line brownish, broken; cilia pale brown, dotted with yellowish, and with pale, creany extremities. Length of forewing 18,5 mm. Neallotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe district, Mt. Tompoe, 2700 ft, 1.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Other specimens: Lindoe, Paloe, W. Celebes, 3700 ft., IV.1937; Loda, Paloe, W. Celebes, 4000 ft, V.1937; female, Sidaonta, Paloe, W. Celebes, 4500 ft., VI.1937 (length of forewing 22 mm) (all J. P. A. Kalis). Chadisrella celebensis sp. nov. (Fig. 18) Holotype, male. — Antennae yellowish brown, with the large basal crest pale creamy; palpi whitish, with the upper side dark brown; head and thorax above pale creamy; periocular region dark brown; base of collar ochreous yellow; tegulae tinged with lilac, and with the inner edge dark purplish; metathoracic crest purplish black; pectus and legs pale yellowish; legs streaked with brown; tarsi ringed with brown and creamy; abdomen pale brownish buff; underside and anal tuft more yellowish, the latter mixed with chestnut. Basal area of the forewing, to inner line, greyish lilac, variegated with whitish in the costal part and with brownish yellow in the dorsal part, with an oval white spot, centered with black, in middle dorsal area; inner line double, running from middle of costa to middle of dorsum, angled inwards just below costa, then directed obliquely outwards to the lower angle of cell, where it is angled and directed inwards, and in- curved above dorsum; area between inner and outer lines yellow brown with a faint olive tinge; a black discocellular streak; a dentate blackish discal line; outer line double, S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 119 Figs. 16—20. Male genitalia of Notodontidae. 16, Chadisra luzonensis sp.n., 17, Antithemerastis hendersonia sp.n.; 18, Chadisrella celebensis sp.n.; 19, Loda celebensis sp.n., 20, Sawia vittata sp.n. dentate, filled in with whitish, outcurved below the costa, then generally parallel with the termen, rather broadly margined distally with dark grey in dorsal half; apical area from costa to vein 6 white, with dark maroon costal markings, and rejoining the dark grey margin of the outer line; rest of terminal area as the discal area; veins brown distally; subterminal line of black lunules, rather irregular, preceded by some white; terminal line black; cilia yellowish brown with brownish spots and minute white specks 120 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 on the extremities of the veins. Hindwing pale brownish white, tinged with light orange in the anal area, and with brownish in the terminal area; veins brown at the extremities; terminal line and anal spot brown, the latter darker proximally; cilia whitish spotted with brown, but becoming brown in the anal area. Length of forewing 17 mm. Male genitalia. — Tergite of the Xth urite roughly triangular; uncus very long and slender, faintly arched; gnathi long, hooked at first third, and bearing subterminally a number of minute spinules. Valva elongate, rather narrow, bearing subbasally a very large pouch-like fold. Aedeagus distinctly shorter than valva, rather robust, forked proximally, and angled distally; fultura inferior membraneous. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite broad, squarish, bearing two oblique ridges converging proximally. Resem- bling the structures found in Ch. javensis Kiriakoff, which species, however, has a broad valva with a slender terminal process, and a relatively longer and much more slender aedeagus. Holotype, male: W. Celebes, Paloe district, Mt. Tompoe, 2700 ft., 1.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Sawia vittata sp. nov. (Fig. 20) Holotype, male. — Antennae brown with the denticulations paler; palpi brownish white, but dark brown above; head and collar white with brownish admixture; collar with the base and a subterminal line brown; middle of thorax dark brown, but whitish in front and behind; tegulae dark brown; shoulders whitish; pectus and legs pale yellow- ish, slightly tinged with brownish; forelegs streaked with brown; tarsi ringed witb dark and pale; basal abdominal crest dark brown; abdomen grey brown, paler distally; anal tuft mixed whitish and brown; underside of abdomen pale yellowish. Basal area of the forewing, limited by the inner line, dark brown, slightly variegated with pale yellowish; inner line fine, black, faintly edged with yellowish proximally, beginning at the middle of costa, incurved and directed outwards, then rounded in and below the cell, and running inwards, outwards and again inwards on dorsum which it reaches at about 24; a black discocellular streak, edged with white distally, and touching the inner line; discal field between the lines yellowish with a faint olive tinge, variegated with brown- ish, and with a rather obscure fine dentate median line; outer line black, sharply dentate, finely edged with whitish distally, running from 24 of costa to 34 of dorsum, on the whole outcurved, but more or less vertical between vein 1 and dorsum; it is followed between vein 4 and dorsum by a series of confluent dark grey spots; a costal subapical dark chocolate brown blotch, faintly streaked with pale; area between the blotch and the series of grey spots, dirty whitish, which colour also forms a distal edge to the grey band; terminal area dark grey brown, with yellowish internervural spots and black dots; terminal line fine, black, broken; cilia spotted with brown and yellowish. Hindwing brownish white, darker towards termen; anal area tinged with yellowish brown; terminal line brownish, broken; anal angle with a brownish spot and short black streak; cilia spotted with brownish and whitish. Length of forewing 19 mm. Very near S. undulata Kiriakoff, from which the new species differs in having no olive tinge on the forewings, and neither the rufous or chocolate brown outer area; the basal area is not pale yellowish. Male genitalia. — Differ from those of S. undulata only in the shape of the gnathi which are distinctly broader, almost triangular. The general colouration of the species belonging to the Chadisra-group being very S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 121 variable, and considering the slight differences of genitalia between S$. undulata and S. vittata, it is possible that the latter is but a geographical race of the former. Holotype, male: W Celebes, Lindoe Paloe, 3700 ft, IV.1937 (J. P. A. Kalis). Chadisra luzonensis sp. nov. (Fig. 16) Holotype, male. — Antennae light brown; palpi brownish creamy, dark brown above; basal tuft of antennae whitish sprinkled with chocolate brown; head and collar umber brown; collar edged with yellowish; thorax above umber brown sprinkled with darker brown; pectus and legs pale brownish buff; legs streaked with brown; basal abdominal crest umber brown; abdomen light greyish umber brown; anal hair mixed with chocolate brown; underside paler. Basal half of forewing yellowish wood brown, finely streaked with chocolate brown in cell; below cell, an oval black dot edged with pale; above dor- sum, a short black streak; inner line fine, chocolate black, edged with pale proximally, run- ning from middle of costa, at first oblique outwards and angled at the base of interval III, then becoming wavy and directed obliquely inwards to reach the middle of dorsum; a blackish discocellular streak, edged with whitish; outer line beginning at 3% costa, wavy and indistinct in the costal half, first outcurved, then more distinct, incurved and form- ing a loop above dorsum; dorsal area between the lines ochreous brown, variegated with brownish; a wavy discal line, edged with whitish, connecting the angle of the inner line in interval III with the outer line on dorsum; costal area distally of outer line pale grey orange, becoming dark umber brown in the median and dorsal areas; the usual blackish subcostal subapical streaks; traces of a pale lunulate subterminal line; a sub- terminal series of black dots edged with pale ochreous brown, the pale edges reaching the termen; terminal line fine, black; cilia pale rufous, with minute white dots edged with brown. Hindwing pale yellowish brown, becoming grey brown in the outer third; terminal line brownish; anal marking dark brown with a whitish streak; cilia brownish white, spotted with pale, spots edged with brown. Length of forewing 17 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus narrow, terminating in two broad lobes; gnathi very robust, sickle-shaped, nearly as long as the uncus. Valva shaped as in Ch. bipars Walker. Aedeagus shorter than valva, moderately robust, straight, broadened and lobate proximally, bearing a strong spade-shaped subterminal process; distal margin produced into a slender spike- shaped process; fultura inferior nearly semi-circular. Saccus very short. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite consisting of two oval plates fused together medially. Very near to Ch. bipars. In the latter species the lobes of the uncus are narrower; the gnathos very much shorter and quite slender; the aedeagus with the distal extremity slightly broade- ned, with a small lateral subterminal spine; the sternal plate shaped as a transverse oval with two angular processes on the distal margin. Specimens from Indonesia referred with doubt to Ch. bipars by Kiriakoff (Bull. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belg., 36, No. 17:5) belong to Ch. luzonensis. Ch. bipars seems to be restricted to India. Holotype, male: Philippine Is., Santa Ana, Manila, 17.VIII.1912 (A. E. Wileman). Antithemerastis hendersonia sp. nov. (Fig. 17) Holotype, male. — Antennae pale yellowish brown; palpi pale brown below, dark brown above; head and collar pale brown; collar spotted with brown; tegulae dark 122 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 4, 1970 chocolate brown, with pale brown bases; thorax above dark brown at middle, pale brown in front and behind; pectus and legs pale yellowish; legs streaked with pale brown; abdomen pale brown( coffee-and-milk); last two segments and underside pale yellow- ish; anal tuft variegated with pale brown. Basal half of forewing dark rufous brown, with its distal outline running from 24 of costa obliquely outwards to near tornus, and enclosing a large pale brownish dorsal area; inner line double, distinct in dorsal area only; a double discocellular streak; outer line pale, dentate, edged with dark brown proximally; area beyond, paler reddish grey, becoming light umber brown on margin; two subcostal dark rufous brown streaks; two rather indistinct series of subterminal black dots; cilia brownish, spotted with paler. Hindwing yellowish, tinged with pale yellow orange in the anal area; terminal line pale brown; anal marking dark reddish brown with a yellowish line; cilia as in forewing. Length of forewing 20 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus rather broad, with a ventro-terminal rounded lobe; gnathi short, very broad at the base, rather slender and horn-shaped distally. Valva short, rather narrow, with parallel margins, placed rather distally. Aedeagus much longer than the valva, moderately robust, faintly arched; terminal portion very much swollen; fultura inferior broad, with proximal angles produced; labides large, with long pilosity. Saccus short, rounded. Sternal plate of the VIIIth urite with the proximal part concave at the middle, with the angles produced; distal part broadening to form two strong, acute, triangular, diverging processes, dentate on their inner margin. This new species differs from A. acrobela Turner in the shape of the aedeagus and of the sternal plate. The former has in the latter species two strongly diverging basal processes; the sternal plate is much less elaborate, with the terminal part broadly excised at the middle, and forming laterally two short, broad lobes, without any trace of denticulations. Allotype, female. — Larger. Thorax darker brown. Forewing with the distal part paler beyond the outer line. Hindwing suffused with brown in the distal third. Length of forewing 23 mm. A paratype has the basal part of forewing pale rufous yellowish; inner line complete, broadly edged with rufous brown proximally, shaped as in most species of the Chadisra-group. Length of forewing 23 mm. Holotype, male, and allotype, female: Guadalcanal, V.1901 (A. S. Meek). Paratype, female: Rendova Id., 11.1904 (A. S. Meek). Micromelalopha montium sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Holotype, male. — Head and thorax chestnut grey. Forewing chestnut grey, becoming slightly greyer in the outer area; lines pale greyish, edged on both sides by darker grey; subbasal and inner lines wavy; median and anal veins paler in the basal area, connecting both lines; a dark dot on the discocellular; a wavy discal line of nearly pure chestnut colour, broadening towards the dorsum; outer line slightly more distal in interval III; subterminal line parallel with the outer line, without proximal darker edging; cilia grey brown, spotted with white. Hindwing paler greyish rufous, with a pale wavy post- discal line; a subanal line of dark shestnut, with a white dot near its extremity; anal angle much darker than the rest of wing, chestnut grey like the forewing; cilia pale at the tips. Length of forewing 12 mm. Male genitalia. — Uncus simple, squarish, with a median hyaline patch. Valva with a narrow costal and a broad membranous median part. Aedeagus notably longer than the valva, sickle-shaped, tapering distally. Saccus consisting of two broad lobes. Sternal S. G. KIRIAKOFF: New or less known Notodontidae 123 plate of the VIIIth urite shaped as in the genus Quadricalcarifera Strand, but with a very short proximal process. Differs as follows from M. undulata Hampson: Uncus squarish; basal process of the valva broader, somewhat leaf-shaped; aedeagus much longer than, not as long as, the costa. Holotype, male: Dalhousie, VI.1891 (Harford coll.). A note in W.H.T. Tams’ hand, attached to the specimen, reads: „Himalayan spec., apparently not undulata”. Xenoclostera gen. nov. Differs from the genera Clostera Samouelle and Micromelalopha Nagano in its very distinctive male genital structures. Tergite of the Xth urite broad; uncus rather narrow, faintly bent, rounded terminally; gnathi plain, faintly arched, with very long pilosity. Tegumen narrow. Valva with the costal part ending in a rather elongate membranous lobe; sacculus strongly sclerified, broadish, ending in a robust, strongly curved, horn- shaped process. Aedeagus much longer than the valva, robust, with a large subterminal lobe covered with minute spinules or cornuti; fultura inferior deeply cleft in middle, bearing laterally lobe-shaped, hairy labides. Saccus well produced, elongate-triangular. Plates of the VIIIth urite not differentiated. Type species of the genus: Xenoclostera argyrocraspeda sp. nov. Xenoclostera argyrocraspeda sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Holotype, male. — Antennae grey brown; palpi blackish; occiput and a median band on collar and thorax velvety blackish chocolate; rest of thorax above very dark chocolate grey; pectus and legs only slightly lighter; fore and median tibiae streaked with dark ferru- ginous; abdomen umber grey. Forewing very dark chocolate grey; markings quite obsolete; three silvery grey subterminal lunules below apex; costal line and ends of cilia grey. Hind- wing umber grey; cilia darker with a whitish edge. Length of forewing 17 mm. Male genitalia. — See above. Holotype, male: Maskelyia, Ceylon, III. DT Wi ant att silent ante RO TOUTES fa 4 er an A de ah Pea y | | ptits NE i Mr TIC NE | EENS eta I | Prius Muse) à : m ER A e j dm ak Ol bit EN hit qu gegen sekd enne ner arl in ae oven dik om tipi diek inl a € ft gir int argani. ETES LOST vat HUE Poste] tbh it Be a) i aiar 2721077 wd in tnt manat a TIC, dui Bai ‚ee 4 mt, wet maga! è re ora aper or auge sun tk dista ah Vetra De at tee is es peg He chain A La, pr wanted astra bind credevi nt sn Pei e . salon Te donc ibe pir ee raha AN a u n ie = do Ji és Epe eden ce ih quieto in traue 1 7 her a LR j ad (ihn = Al. 18 i X ap totaly sich i rar beet 4 wet | ET ‘ nr fi EU a i lid ad STIRO, JA Lr ton n rd api , redes } dial Ts ! ta Krek di NME daan tanken nia heben kr U SEN, wrat Gorski Ei IO ali i ibis bi vici TO PES i té NDR Gears sla hct: di Ey: Satis il u # | em ei ah RE EN I 9 x IE: \ tI 4 DEEL 113 AFLEVERING 5 MUS. COMI JOL, 1970 DEC 23 1970 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD B. J. LEMPKE. — Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera (Zestiende Supplement). pp. 125—252, tekstfig. 87—104, pl. 1—9. | Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 113, afl. 5 Gepubliceerd 17-XI-1970 | NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) . . . + G. Barendrecht Vice-Voorzitter (Vice- ro) a as Reet align WAL DES Sechetasis @(sectetaty) u. cu... ., We Hellinga Address . . . eth nice perzyae 232, TÀ o. Penningmeester (Gru RIE cars al WW STAR ADO Address . . . . +... «+ Van Baerlestraat 26 I, Amsterdam-Z. - Bibliothecaris er) ST A N, Eekel Address . … » 2 2 2 « « +. + + Leeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O. Leden (Members) . . . . . . . . . Gz. van Rossem, A. F. H. Besemer AFDELING VOOR TOEGEPASTE ENTOMOLOGIE (DIVISION OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY) BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzittens (Chairman) EM ENT AES HR Besemer Secketatisy (Secretary) me 0... ARS. van)der Geest AAA Ee es) Ma ritskaden 69 A. Amsterdams O3 Leden (Members) . . . . . . . . … L. Bravenboer, J. J. Laarman, J. B. M. van Dinther Publicaties van de Vereniging (Publications of the Society) Subscription may be obtained from all booksellers or direct from the Librarian, Zeeburgerdijk 21, Amsterdam-O., except for Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, which is available through booksellers or from the Noord-Holland Editing Co., Post Office Box 103, Amsterdam. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editorial Board) . . . . . . Pater Chrysanthus, A. Diakonoff, C. A. W. Jeekel, M. A. Lieftinck, J. T. Wiebes Address . … 2.2.2 . . . . . „Rüksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden. The Journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. It appears in separate issues, forming an annual volume of 350— 400 pages. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 62.50 per volume. MONOGRAFIEEN VAN DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING Redactie (Editorial Board) and address as for Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. The Monographs are intended for the publication of larger entomological papers on a single subject and will appear irregularly. The following Monographs have been published: Hors série: F. T. Valck Lucassen et al, 1961. — Monographie du genre Lomaptera Gory & Percheron (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae), 299 pages, 739 figs, 2 pl., map. D.FI. 60—. No. 1. A. J. Besseling, 1964: — De Nederlandse Watermijten (Hydrachnellae Latreille, 1802) (The Hydrachnellae of the Netherlands), 199 pp., 333 figs, D.Fl. 30—. CATALOGUS DER NEDERLANDSE MACROLEPIDOPTERA (ZESTIENDE SUPPLEMENT) door B. J. LEMPKE Amsterdam ABSTRACT The Sixteenth Supplement contains the whole of Boarmiinae of the Geometridae and with it this series of supplements is concluded. As in the preceding parts the following particulars are presented: time of appearance, biotope(s), new localities and variation. For a number of species histograms are given showing that a clear separation of the generations of these species is hardly ever possible. The specific name of the species known in modern nomenclature as Ectropis bistortata is briefly discussed. A number of new forms is described. GEOMETRIDAE (slot) BOARMIINAE Ook nu worden weer een aantal histogrammen gegeven, bijna alle van soorten met twee en soms zelfs drie generaties. Bij geen van deze is er een scherpe afscheiding van de generaties, waaruit duidelijk blijkt dat de poppen zich zeer ongelijkmatig kunnen ontwikkelen, waardoor late vlinders van de eerste en vroege van de tweede generatie gelijktijdig kunnen voorkomen. Soms is er toch nog een fraai tweetoppig histogram, maar de ontwikkeling van de eerste generatie kan ook zo vertraagd zijn dat er nauwelijks meer een aanduiding van een nieuwe stijging van het aantal exemplaren te zien is. De aantallen gegevens waren soms zo groot dat niet altijd op dezelfde schaal getekend kon worden. Abraxas Leach Abraxas grossulariata L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 261; Cat. X : (748). De vlinder is nu ook op Vlieland aangetroffen, zodat hij thans van alle grote waddeneilanden bekend is. Op Terschelling een plaag op Ribes (G. Dijkstra Hzn.). De vliegtijd kan iets vroeger beginnen dan in Cat. IX vermeld is. De uiterste data worden nu: 3.VI (in 1959 te Melissant, Huisman; in 1961 te Oostvoorne, Lucas) tot 5.IX. In het najaar snel doorgroeiende rupsen. werden in de herfst van 1953 (gekenmerkt door een langdurige periode van zeer zacht weer) op enkele plaatsen in Noord-Holland aangetroffen. In oktober vond S. de Boer te Middelie volwassen rupsen tegen vallend blad. Op 1 november kweekte hij daar twee vlinders uit, slechts iets kleiner dan die van de normale generatie. Ook trof hij buiten poppen aan, waaruit binnenshuis op 14 novem- 125 126 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1140) ber nog een vlinder verscheen. De andere gingen echter dood. Van de Pol deelt mee (Ent. Ber., Amst. 15 : 76, 1954), dat de Plantenziektenkundige Dienst 11 november 1953 bericht ontvangen had van de vondst van grote en kleine rupsen, cocons en een enkele vlinder te Blokker, terwijl op 20 november van dezelfde plaats door een andere correspondent veel rupsen gemeld werden benevens poppen en weer een enkele vlinder. Nog op 5 december werden te Wageningen rupsen, poppen en vlinders ontvangen. Uit de poppen konden daar nog vier betrekkelijk kleine vlinders gekweekt worden. In Ent. Ber., Amst. 14: 112 (1952) deelt Hageman mee, dat hij op 2.11.1952 bin- nenshuis een vlinder aantrof. Ook deze moet afkomstig geweest zijn van een in het vorige najaar doorgegroeide rups, die op een gunstige plaats heeft kunnen verpoppen. Echt buiten overwinteren (d.w.z. in diapauze gaan) kunnen de poppen blijkbaar niet. De snelle groeiers hebben voor de soort dan ook geen enkele waarde. Variabiliteit. Na mijn uitvoerige behandeling van dit onderdeel in Cat. X heb- ben de verzamelaars nogal aandacht aan de soort besteed en zijn heel wat fraaie exem- plaren te voorschijn gekomen, hoewel de sterk opvallende vormen over het algemeen toch wel rariteiten blijken te zijn. Van de beroemde f. dohrnii (beter bekend als f. lacticolor) is zelfs nog steeds geen tweede Nederlands exemplaar gevonden. f. lutescens Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met lichtgele grondkleur (de heterozygoten dus) zijn vrij schaars, maar blijken toch op veel plaatsen onder de soort voor te komen. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Leeuwarden (Camping); Apeldoorn (Leffef); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Utrecht (Huisman); Bussum (Ter Laag); Beemster (De Boer); Wijk aan Zee (Westerneng); Nuenen (Neijts). f. subviolacea Raynor, 1903. Een fraai exemplaar met ,,geschroeide” grondkleur van Bennekom (e.l., Van de Pol). f. cupreofasciata Raynor, 1909. Exemplaren met de donkergele banden werden nog bekend van: Delfzijl, Twello (Zoöl. Mus.); Apeldoorn (Leffef); Utrecht, Melissant (Huisman); Voorschoten (Groenendijk); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts). f. igneofasciata Raynor, 1909. Exemplaren met de opvallend helder gekleurde brede banden op de voorvleugels zijn veel zeldzamer. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Schelluinen (Slob) ; Nuenen (Neijts). f. axantha Raynor, 1903. Exemplaren, waarbij de gele banden op de voorvleugels sterk verbleekt zijn, werden nog bekend van: Amsterdam (Houkes); Bergen-N.H. (Zoöl. Mus.); Ouddorp (gecombineerd met f. continua, Huisman); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts). f. luteovenata Lempke, 1951. Nog een exemplaar met gele aderen op de voorvleugels van Rhoon (Zoöl. Mus.). f. pancisignata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zwak getekende bovenzijde (maar nor- male onderzijde, vgl. fig. in Cat. X!) werden bekend van: Hengelo-Ov. (Zoöl. Mus.); Bussum (Ter Laag); Middelie (De Boer); Berkhout (P. de Vries); Melissant (Huis- man); Nuenen (Neijts). f. impunctifasciata Onslow, 1919. Blijkbaar een vrij verbreide vorm. Nieuwe vind- plaatsen: Oosterwolde, Eefde, Best, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Abdij Sion (Flint); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Egmond-Binnen (Melkert); Wijk aan Zee (Bank); Middelie (De Boer); Delft (Van Oosten); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Lucas); Melissant (Huisman) ; Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts); Eindhoven (Van Dulm); Gronsveld (Mus. Rotterdam). (1141) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 127 f. brevifasciata nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: van de postmediane oranje band en de rij zwarte vlekken aan de buitenkant ervan ontbreekt het bovenste deel. Plaat 1, Fig. 1. Middelie, 2, 18.VI.1958 (holotype, De Boer); Melissant (Huisman). [Upper side fore wings: the upper part of the postmedian orange band and of the row of black spots outside of this are absent. Plate 1, fig. 1.] f. albipalliata Raynor, 1909. Enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen van deze vorm met opval- lend wit middenveld van de voorvleugels: Heemstede (Herwarth); Hendrik-Ido- Ambacht (Lucas); Nuenen (Neijts); Vessem (mevr. Gehéniau). f. continua Lempke, 1951. De vorm met een doorlopende zwarte band aan de binnen- zijde van de postmediane oranje band op de voorvleugels is op tal van plaatsen onder de soort aangetroffen, zodat deze niet nader vermeld behoeven te worden. f. juncta nov. Voorvleugels met twee dikke zwarte strepen, die elkaar aan de voorrand ontmoeten, de ene langs de voorrand van antemediane gele band tot postmediane gele band, de andere aan de binnenkant van de postmediane band; de vlekken aan de buitenkant van de postmediane band en de randvlekken van voor- en achtervleugels gereduceerd. Plaat 1 Fig. 2. Amsterdam, 9, 21.VI.1967 (holotype, Houkes). [Fore wings with two thick black bands, which meet at the costa, one along the costa from the antemedian to the postmedian yellow band, the other on the inner side of the yellow postmedian; markings along the outer side of the postmedian and along the outer borders of fore and hind wings reduced. Plate 1, Fig. 2.} f. nigrofasciata Raynor, 1909. De vorm waarbij de postmediane oranje band op de voorvleugels bijna geheel door dikke zwarte vlekken verdrongen is, komt vrijwel overal onder de soort voor, zodat geen vindplaatsen meer vermeld worden. f. nigroapicata Raynor, 1923. Eveneens een vrij gewone vorm. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Loppersum, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Colmschate (Lukkien); Wijk aan Zee (Westerneng) ; Heemstede (Herwarth); Melissant (Huisman); Drunen (Didden); Nuenen (Neijts); Helmond (Knippenberg); Slenaken (Bank). f. antemarginata Raynor, 1923. De vorm met een doorlopende zwarte band langs de achterrand van de voorvleugels werd nog aangetroffen te: Abdij Sion (Flint); Dene- kamp, Geulem, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Utrecht, Ouddorp (Huisman); Heemstede (Her- warth); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts); Stein, Eijs (Van de Pol); Vijlen (Cox). f. nigricostata Raynor, 1909. De vorm is vrij verbreid, maar exemplaren waarbij de zwarte streep langs de voorrand van de voorvleugels verder loopt dan de postmediane gele band ken ik niet. Raynor noemt ze trouwens zelf ook zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaat- sen: Wapenveld (Soutendijk); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Utrecht (Gorter); Bovenkerk (Zoöl. Mus.); Beemster, Hoorn (De Vries); Heemstede (Herwarth); Wassenaar (Lucas); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts); Deurne (Nies); Castenraij (Leffef). f. mediofasciata Lempke, 1951. De vorm met zwarte mediane band is een zeldzaam- heid. Slechts één nieuwe vindplaats: Amsterdam (Helmers, Houkes). f. nigrolineata Raynor, 1923. De vorm met zwarte streep van wortelband naar midden- stip van de voorvleugels is niet gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Harderwijk (Van Beek); Wormerveer (Huisenga); Middelie (De Boer); Hoorn (Houtman); Wijk aan Zee (Kloos); Nuenen (Neijts) ; Broekhuizen (Leffef). 128 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1142) f. aberdoniensis Raynor, 1923. Slechts enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen van deze opvallen- de vorm: Middelie (De Boer); Drunen (Didden). f. hazeleighensis Raynor, 1903. Ook deze even opvallende vorm blijft zeldzaam. Exemplaren met de drie zwarte strepen blijken meer voor te komen dan de extreem ver- donkerde dieren. Vindplaatsen van de eerste: Zwartsluis (Harsevoord) ; Bennekom (Van de Pol); Utrecht (Gorter); Middelie (De Boer); Middelharnis (Vroegindeweij); Melis- sant (Huisman); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts); Slenaken (Bank). Van de extremere slechts enkele nieuwe vondsten: Hoorn (De Boer); Seroos- kerke-Walcheren (Zoöl. Mus.). f. lunulata Porritt, 1920. Verscheidene nieuwe vindplaatsen: Eernewoude (Camping); Zwartsluis (Nat.hist. Mus. aldaar); Beerze-Ov. (Lukkien); Volthe (Kleinjan); Wage- ningen, Bennekom (Van de Pol); Utrecht (Huisman); Muiderberg (Wolschrijn); Am- sterdam (Houkes); Heemstede (Herwarth); Noorden (J. Kroon); Middelharnis (Vroegindeweij); Nuenen (Neijts). f. nigrosparsata Raynor, 1903. Blijkbaar weer een bij ons zeldzame vorm. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Raalte (Flint); Melissant (Huisman); Boxtel (Aukema). f. radiata Raynor, 1909. Blijkbaar geen al te zeldzame vorm (of verzameling van vormen), zoals blijkt uit de vrij talrijke nieuwe vindplaatsen: Oenkerk, Wolvega (Cam- ping); Zutfen (S. R. Dijkstra); Utrecht, Voorburg (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Beemster, Hoorn (De Boer); Wijk aan Zee (Westerneng); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Bogaard); Melissant (Huisman); Waalwijk (Didden); Boxtel (Aukema); Broekhuizen (Leffef); Wijlre (Houkes); Slenaken (Bank). f. radioreversa Cockayne, 1951, Entomologist ’s Rec. J. Var. 63 : 104, Pl. III, Fig. 4. De vlekken aan de buitenkant van de postmediane oranje band op de voorvleugels en de postmediane vlekken op de achtervleugels uitgerekt in de richting van de achterrand. Utrecht (Huisman). Minder zeldzaam zijn exemplaren waarbij de vlekken alleen op de voorvleugels uitgerekt zijn: Bennekom (Van de Pol); Amsterdam, Schiedam (Zoöl. Mus.); Middelie (De Boer) ; Nuenen (Neijts). f. latilimbata Cockayne, 1951, Entomologist ’s Rec. J. Var. 63 : 106, Plaat III, Fig. 10. Voorvleugels van de postdiscale oranje band tot de achterrand zwart, op de achter- vleugels de randvlekken ineengevloeid tot een brede zwarte band. Noorden, 4, 11.VII. 1958 (Lucas, afgebeeld Plaat 1, Fig. 3). Bij het Nederlandse exemplaar zijn de sterk vergrote vlekken langs de achterrand van de achtervleugels nog door smalle witte strepen van elkaar gescheiden, maar het exemplaar behoort ongetwijfeld tot dezelfde variatie- richting. Waarschijnlijk is de vorm ,,multifactorial”. Hutchinson beeldt een exemplaar af van Parijs, dat weer het midden houdt tussen Cockayne’s holotype en het Nederlandse exemplaar, waarbij de afzonderlijke randvlekken nog net te zien zijn (Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. 43 : 12, Pl. I, Fig. L (1969)). f. vauata Porritt, 1920. De vorm met de zwarte v-vormige vlek op de achtervleugels is blijkens de weinige nieuwe vindplaatsen vrij zeldzaam. Veendam (S. R. Dijkstra); Oosthuizen (De Boer); Valkenisse (Zoöl. Mus.). f. infrafasciata Raynor, 1909. De vorm met de doorlopende zwarte band over de achtervleugels is inderdaad niet gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Halfweg (Van Aartsen); Heemstede (Herwarth); Ouddorp (Vroegindeweij); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts). f. infrabifasciata Raynor, 1909. De vorm met twee volledige zwarte banden op de (1143) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 129 achtervleugels is veel zeldzamer. Slechts enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen: Bussum (Ter Laag); Halfweg (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Nuenen (Neijts). (In tegenstelling tot de volgende vorm staat de extra vlekkenrij wortelwaarts van de postmediane rij, niet franjewaarts!) f. inframaculata Stovin, 1939, Entomologist 72: 155, Pl. III, Fig. 4. Op de boven- zijde van de achtervleugels een rij dikke zwarte vlekken tussen de postmediane rij en de vlekken langs de achterrand. Tekening van de voorvleugels in de regel ook versterkt, vooral de zwarte vlekken aan de buitenkant van de postmediane oranje band. Bij het door Stovin afgebeelde exemplaar is ook de zwarte tekening in het middenveld van de voorvleugels versterkt, maar bij de nu bekende Nederlandse exemplaren niet. Daar staat tegenover, dat de extra vlekkenrij op de achtervleugels nog fraaier ontwikkeld is dan bij het Engelse exemplaar. Plaat 1, Fig. 4. Amsterdam, 9 en 34, e.l., 24 en 26.VI.1967 (Houkes); Hoorn (De Boer). Volgens de ervaring van Stovin is deze vorm dominant. f. croceolineata nov. Bovenkant achtervleugels: aan de buitenkant van de postdiscale vlekkenrij loopt een duidelijke oranjegele lijn vanaf de binnenrand tot ongeveer halver- wege de vleugel. Zonder twijfel zeldzaam en voor zover ik weet alleen bij de wijfjes. Halfweg, ?, 12.VI.1959 (holotype); Schiedam, @ , 14.VI.1947, een prachtig exemplaar van f. radiata (Zool. Mus.); Goeree, 9, 1962 (Huisman). Exemplaren met zwakke aan- duiding van de lijn komen wat meer voor, maar ook vrijwel uitsluitend bij het 9 , slechts een enkele maal bij het 4. [Upper side hind wings: distad of the row of postdiscal spots a distinct orange-yellow line from the inner margin about halfway up the wing. As far as I know a rare form only occurring with the @. Specimens with traces of the line are also for the greater part females. I only saw a few males. } f. diluta Lempke, 1951. De vorm met min of meer verbleekte zwarte tekening werd nog bekend van: Twello (Zoöl. Mus.); Middelie (De Boer); Hoorn (De Vries); Melis- sant (Huisman). f. pura nov. Abdomen van boven en soms ook nog van onderen zonder zwarte vlek- ken. Melissant, &, 16.VI.1960 (holotype) en enkele andere exemplaren (Huisman). [Abdomen on the upper side (and sometimes also on the under side) without black spots.] f. nigrocincta Onslow, 1919. Exemplaren met zwart geringd abdomen werden nog aangetroffen: opnieuw te Amsterdam (Houkes), verder te Middelie ( 9 , tegelijk f. haze- leighensis, De Boer); Melissant (Huisman). Dwergen. Utrecht (Huisman); Goes, Eijs (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts); Mheer (Ter Laag); Vijlen (Cox). Somatische mozaïek. Mogelijk behoren de volgende exemplaren tot deze afwijking: a. linker voorvleugel f. hazeleighensis, rechter voorvleugel f. fasciata. Amster- dam (Van der Vliet). b. Linker achtervleugel normaal, rechter achtervleugel f. bifasciata. Berkhout, 9 (De Vries). Teratologische exemplaren. Voorvleugels te klein. Drunen (Didden). Rechter voorvleugel te klein. Amsterdam (Houkes). Rechter achtervleugel te klein. Nuenen (Neijts). Linker achtervleugel ontbreekt. Middelie, e. 1. (De Boer). 130 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1144) Abraxas sylvata Scopoli. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 270; Cat. X : (757). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Nu ook van twee van de waddeneilanden bekend. In tegen- stelling tot de vorige soort is deze duidelijk gewoner geworden, wat mogelijk in verband staat met de toegenomen verbreiding van Prunus padus en Prunus serotina (Leffef). In gunstige seizoenen komt ongetwijfeld een kleine tweede generatie voor doordat een aantal rupsen doorgroeit. Met zekerheid werd deze generatie waargenomen in 1954, in alle jaren van 1959 tot en met 1962 (toen in de omgeving van Rotterdam en op de Zuidhollandse en Zeeuwse eilanden) en in 1969 (te Ruurlo, Lukkien en gewoon te Oostkapelle en Valkenisse, Van Aartsen). De vliegtijd van gen. II is: 22.VIII—19.IX. Gekweekt uit het ei werd deze generatie in 1952 door Gorter van een © uit Aalten en in 1969 door Lukkien van een 9 uit Ruurlo. Bij eerstgenoemde kweek kwamen de vlin- ders uit van 29.VIII—5.IX, bij de tweede van 31.VIII—8.IX, wat in beide gevallen dus samenvalt met de data van waarnemingen in de vrije natuur. Geen correctie op de vliegtijd van de normale generatie (5.VI—16.VIII). Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling (1956, 1957, Leffef), Roordahuizum, Beetsterzwaag, Oudemirdum. Gr.: Mussel. Dr.: Roden, Schoonlo, Mantinge, Ruinen. Ov.: Dalfsen, Rechteren, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Diepenveen, Deventer, Vasse, Volthe, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Nieuw- Milligen, Uddel, Staverden, Leuvenum, Hulshorst, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Teuge, Klarenbeek, Uche- len, Laag-Soeren, Hoenderlo, Kootwijk; Gorssel, Eefde, Wichmond, De Boggelaar, Korenburgerveen, Bekendelle, Miste, Hoog-Keppel, Laag-Keppel, Angerlo; Slijk-Ewijk, Buren. Geldermalsen, Nee- rijnen, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Renswoude, Zeist, Bilthoven. N.H.: Huizen, Naardermeer, Amsterdamse Bos, Purmerend, Oosthuizen, Texel, Bergen, Heemskerk, Overveen, Bennebroek. Z.H.: Noorden, Leid- schendam, Vlaardingen, Schelluinen, Arkel, Rockanje, Hellevoetsluis. Zl.: Schuddebeurs (in groot aantal in het Reigerbos, Leffef), Burgh, Haamstede, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Hulst. N.B.: Biesbosch, Dorst, Galder, Nieuwkuik, Udenhout, Haaren, Kampina, Boxtel, Sint Oedenrode, Oirschot, Best, Acht, Middelbeers, Geldrop, Heeze, Leende, Maarheeze, Someren, Liessel, Helenaveen, Sint Anthonis, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, De Hamert, Broekhuizen, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Roggel, Ospel, Belfeld, Swalmen, Sint Odiliënberg, Meinweg, Herkenbosch, Vlodrop, Montfort, Putbroek, Echt, Elsloo, Geleen, Amstenrade, Eijs, Wittem, Wijlre, Gerendal, Sibbe, Geulle, Bunde, Bemelen, Cadier, Rijck- holt, Oost-Maarland, Ekkelrade, Sint Geertruid, Gulpen, Slenaken, Mechelen, Camerig, Vijlen, Lemiers. Variabiliteit. f. pantarioides Spitz, 1908. Deze zwak getekende vorm is zeker niet zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Aalten (Gorter); Renswoude (Caron); Weesp (Westerneng); Amsterdam, Helmond, Eijs, Gronsveld (Zoöl. Mus.); Valkenisse (Van Aartsen); Kampina (Lucas); Maarheeze (Mus. Rotterdam). f. fasciata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren, waarbij de postmediane vlekkenrij op de voor- en vaak ook op de achtervleugels ineengevloeid is tot een doorlopende band, werden nog bekend van Apeldoorn, Oostvoorne (Lucas); Bergen-N.H. (De Boer); Heilo (Wester- neng); Galder (Pijpers). f. bifasciata Hannemann, 1919. Exemplaren met de extra rij vlekken in het midden van de voorvleugels zijn vrij zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Slochteren, Colmschate, Wassenaar (Zoöl. Mus.); Mantinge (Lucas). f. striata nov. De loodgrijze postdiscale vlekken op voor- en achtervleugels geredu- ceerd tot dunne strepen op de aderen. Plaat 1, Fig. 5. Bergen-N.H., &, 7.VII.1953 (holotype, De Boer); Best (Aukema). [The leaden-grey postdiscal spots on fore and hind wings reduced to thin stripes on the nervures.] f. radiata Hannemann, 1919, Int. ent. Z. 13 : 114. De postmediane vlekken op voor- en achtervleugels straalvormig uitgerekt in de richting van de achterrand. Aalten (Gor- (1145) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 131 ter); Bennebroek (Van der Meulen); Haamstede (Vroegindeweij); Gassel (Van de Pol). f. guttata Hannemann, 1919. Als in Cat. X is aangegeven. f. confluens Hannemann, 1919. Exemplaren met de lang uitgerekte middenvlek van de voorvleugels (zodat hij zich uitstrekt van wortelveld tot postmediane vlekkenrij) zijn blijkbaar vrij gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Bergen (De Boer); Heilo (Westerneng) ; Oegstgeest (Mevr. Martin); Galder (Mus. Rotterdam); Nuenen (Neijts); Gassel (Van de Pol). f. nigrocellata nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de grote discale grijze vlek zwartachtig gekernd. Elsloo-Lbg., 2, 16.VII.1968 (holotype, Huisenga). [Upper side fore wings: the large discal grey spot with blackish centre.] f. magnimaculata nov. De bruinachtige vlek aan de binnenrand van de voorvleugels bij de binnenrandshoek sterk vergroot. Plaat 1, Fig. 6. Gassel, &, 23.VII.1957 (holo- type, Van de Pol). [The brownish spot at the inner margin of the fore wings near the anal angle strongly enlarged.] Dwergen. Apeldoorn, Oostvoorne (Lucas); Zeist (Gorter); Bergen, Heilo (Bank); Oostkapelle (Van Aartsen); Nuenen (Neijts); Maarheeze (Maassen). Lomaspilis Hübner Lomaspilis marginata L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 272; Cat. X : (759). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Behalve van Ameland is de vlinder nu van alle grote wadden- eilanden bekend. De uiterste vliegdata zijn nu: 11.IV en 10.X. In plaats van de in Cat. X afgebeelde vliegcurve wordt nu een histogram gegeven (zie fig. 87), dat samengesteld is uit een veel groter aantal gegevens (in totaal bijna 15000). Hieruit blijkt, dat marginata in april zeer schaars is (in totaal maar 14 exemplaren!). In de tweede en derde decade van mei wordt de vlinder steeds gewoner om zijn top in de tweede helft van juni en begin juli te bereiken. Vanaf de derde juli-decade wordt het aantal kleiner, maar handhaaft zich de hele augustusmaand toch op een redelijk niveau. Na begin september wordt het dier echter veel schaarser en beginnen er ook hiaten in de gegevens te komen. We heb- ben hier weer duidelijk een combinatie van zich over een langere periode tot vlinder ontwikkelende poppen en een minder sterke (dus partiële) tweede generatie. Mogelijk vormen de exemplaren van eind september en begin oktober een slechts in gunstige jaren en dan nog in klein aantal voorkomende derde generatie. Het enige kweekgegeven is afkomstig van Knoop, die van 23—25.VII.1938 eieren verkreeg. Uit de gekweekte poppen verschenen pas op 6 en 21.V1.1939 enkele vlinders, een cyclus dus van bijna een jaar. Variabiliteit. f. »aevata Hübner, 1790. Dat deze vorm beslist niet gewoon is blijkt wel uit het feit, dat slechts een enkele nieuwe vindplaats vermeld kan worden: Wiessel (Zoöl. Mus.). f. nigrofasciata Schoyen, 1882. Reeds in Cat. X werd een lange rij vindplaatsen ge- geven. De vorm blijkt nu wel overal onder de soort voor te komen. f. conflua Strand, 1900. Hoewel de vorm met samengesmolten zwarte costale vlekken beslist zeldzaam is, komt hij toch vrij verbreid voor, zoals blijkt uit het vrij grote aantal 132 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1146) 400 200 m j j a s Fig. 87. Histogram van Lomaspilis marginata L. nieuwe vindplaatsen: Beetsterzwaag (G. Dijkstra Hzn.); Dalfsen (Vlug); Abdij Sion (Flint); Wiessel, Twello, Warnsveld, Hilversum (Zoöl. Mus.); Gorssel (S. R. Dijkstra) ; Aalten (Van Galen); Amersfoort (Nieuwland); Amsterdam (Helmers); Berkhout (De Boer); Heemskerk (Westerneng); Sint Michielsgestel, Helmond (Knippenberg); Mein- weg (Van Oosterhout). f. postalbata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met normale voorvleugels, maar geheel witte achtervleugels worden weinig aangetroffen. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Nigtevecht, Epe (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Eindhoven, Nuenen (Neijts). f. albomarginata Osthelder, 1931. Nieuwe vindplaatsen van deze vorm: Apeldoorn, Wiessel, Soest, Wassenaar (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Kootwijk, Bennekom, Ede, Slijk-Ewijk, Gassel (Van de Pol); Amersfoort (Nieuwland); Herkingen, Goedereede, Haamstede (Huis- man). f. discocellularis Strand, 1919, Arch. Naturgesch. 85A : 34. Voorvleugels met de nor- male randtekening en met verder slechts een alleenstaande middenvlek. Zie Cat. X: (761) Fig. 2. Vrij verbreid onder de soort. f. pollutaria Hübner, [1796—1799}. Bij de lange rij vindplaatsen van Cat. X komt nu nog zeker een dozijn nieuwe, zodat wel blijkt, dat de vorm vrijwel overal onder de soort te verwachten is, al is hij percentsgewijs dan ook zeldzaam. (1147) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 133 f. subdeleta Cockerell, 1889. Deze zwak getekende vorm is beslist minder gewoon, maar blijkbaar toch ook vrij verbreid. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn (Zoöl. Mus.); Aalten (Van Galen); Ochten (Booy); Weesp (Van Tuijl); Beemster (Huisenga) ; Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Bogaard); Rotterdam (Lucas); Meinweg (Van Oosterhout); Stein (Pater Munsters). f. mediofasciata Höfner, 1897. Een zeldzame vorm, waarvan slechts enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen bekend geworden zijn: Aalten (de middenband alleen op de voorvleugels, Van Galen) ; Naardermeer (Wolschrijn) ; Wassenaar (Lucas); Nuenen (Neijts) ; Deurne (Nies). f. semialbata Van Mellaerts, 1928. Zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaats: Nuenen (Neijts). f. diluta Cockayne, 1950, Entomologist 83 : 53 (brunnescens Lempke, 1951). Exem- plaren met lichter bruinachtige tekening werden nog bekend van: Olst (Lukkien) ; Wies- sel, Kortenhoef (Zoöl. Mus.); Heemskerk (Bank). f. lacticolor Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met geelachtig witte grondkleur zijn niet al te zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Wolvega (G. Dijkstra Hzn.); Noordlaren (Van de Pol); Diepenveen (Bank); Apeldoorn, Eefde, Weesp (Zoöl. Mus.); Loerbeek (Peerde- man); Berkhout (De Boer); Nuenen (Neijts). f. albociliata Hörhammer, 1923. Exemplaren met witte franje zijn blijkbaar verbreid onder de soort. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Wolvega (Camping); Gasselte, Haarlem (Zoöl. Mus.); Dalfsen, Zeist (Vlug); Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk (Van de Pol); ’s-Graveland (Westerneng); Zandvoort (Herwarth); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts) ; Bergen-Lbg. (Lucas). Dwergen. Vledder (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Berkhout (De Boer); Dordrecht (Leids Mus.). Somatische mozaïek. Een 4 van Halsteren heeft links typisch getekende vleugels (als Fig. 1 in Cat. X), rechts als staphyleata (1. c. Fig. 4) (Asselbergs). Moge- lijk behoort het tot deze interessante groep van afwijkingen. Ligdia Guenée Ligdia adustata Denis & Schiffermüller. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 276; Cat. X : (763). Ver- breiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Nu ook bekend van een van de waddeneilanden. Opvallend is het grote aantal vindplaatsen in Limburg. Leffef vond de rupsen niet alleen op meidoorn en kardinaalsmuts maar ook op Prunus padus, Prunus serotina en Prunus domestica (kroosjes). De uiterste data van de vliegtijd worden nu: 5.IV—10.X (op deze late datum in 1961 Fig. 88. Histogram van Ligdia adustata Den. & Schiff. 134 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1148) een exemplaar te Heemskerk, Huisenga). Uit het in Fig. 88 afgebeelde histogram, samengesteld uit de gegevens van ruim 2000 exemplaren, blijkt, dat ook bij deze soort geen scherpe grens tussen de eerste en de tweede generatie bestaat. De hoofdvliegtijd van gen. I valt in de regel in juni. In de eerste helft van juli is er een teruggang, maar half juli komt gen. II al duidelijk opzetten om zijn maximum in de eerste helft van augustus te bereiken. Al begin september wordt de vlinder veel schaarser en na de helft van de maand komt hij nog slechts sporadisch voor (late exemplaren van gen. II of mogelijk een zeer partiële gen. III). Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling (1956, 1957, Leffef), Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Oudemir- dum. Dr.: Westervelde, Schipborg, Schoonlo, Ruinen. Ov.: Vollenhove, Balkbrug, Matharam, Gerner, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Schalkhaar, Deventer, Hellendoorn, Hertme. Gdl.: Leuvenum, Nunspeet, Vier- houten, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Teuge, Wilp, Klarenbeek, Voorstonden, Loenen, Laag-Soeren; Epse, De Voorst, Hoog-Keppel, Laag-Keppel; Berg en Dal, Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk. Utr.: Amersfoort, Nieuwersluis. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Bussum, Naardermeer, Amsterdam, Amsterdamse Bos (Houkes, Peerdeman), Bergen, Bakkum, Heemskerk, Bentveld. Z.H.: Noordwijkerhout, Katwijk, Leiden, Meijendel, Staelduin, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Melissant (één exemplaar in 1967, Huis- man). Zl: Schuddebeurs, Burgh, Haamstede, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle. N.B.: Gassel, Mill, Boxmeer, Sambeek, Vortum, Groeningen, Helenaveen, Bergeijk. Lbg.: Geijsteren, De Hamert, Arcen, Velden, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Velden, Tegelen, Rooth, Belfeld, Roggel, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Mont- fort, Annendaal, Elsloo, Amstenrade, Schinveld, Benzenrade, Heerlerbaan, Chèvremont, Bocholtz, Eijs, Wijlre, Gerendal, Valkenburg, Geulem, Geulle, Bunde, Heer, Cadier en Keer, Sint Pieter, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Camerig, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. f. alba nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels zuiver wit. Aerdenhout, 3, 29.1V.1923 (holotype), ,,Noord-Brabant”, & (Zoöl. Mus.); Heemskerk (Kloos). [Ground colour pure white. } f. extincta Hannemann, 1917. Een fraai exemplaar van deze zeer zwak getekende vorm nog van Wageningen, 4, 9.VIII.1953 (Plaat 1, Fig. 7, Van de Pol). f. postumbrata nov. Bovenzijde achtervleugels: golflijn wortelwaarts afgezet door een brede massieve donkere band, franjewaarts door een smalle donkere band, daardoor scherp afstekend. Overveen, 4, 7.VIII.1967 (holotype), Twello, Heemskerk, Aerden- hout, Vogelenzang, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.); Platvoet (Lukkien); Velp (De Vos); Den Haag (Leids Mus.); Sint Pieter (Van der Meulen). [Upper side hind wings: the submarginal line bordered on inner side by a broad dark massive band, on its outer side by a narrow dark band, therefore sharply contrasting. } Dwergen. Bloemendaal (Zoöl. Mus.). Semiothisa Hübner Semiothisa notata L. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 197; Cat. XI: (808). De in 1953 aangegeven verbreiding wekt de indruk, dat de vlinder overal in het land is aan te treffen, maar dit is beslist niet het geval. Jammer genoeg ben ik pas de laatste jaren begonnen vindplaat- sen van de soort te noteren, waardoor de hierna gegeven lijst niet zo volledig is als ik wel zou wensen. Maar er is wel duidelijk uit te zien, dat de vlinder vooral in het Haf- district verre van gewoon is. In het Fluviatiel District is hij daarentegen vrij verbreid. Opvallend zijn vooral de vele vindplaatsen op de Veluwe, in Noord-Brabant en in Lim- burg, hoewel de soort hier vaak minder in aantal is dan de volgende. S. notata is nu van drie van de waddeneilanden bekend. (1149) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 135 De vliegtijd kan vroeger beginnen dan in 1953 bekend was. De vroegste datum is nu 16.IV (in 1961 te Tegelen, Ottenheijm). Maar hij kan vooral veel langer duren dan ik in 1953 schreef, namelijk tot het einde van de eerste oktoberdecade (9.X, in 1968 te Epe, Kaijadoe). De gegevens van bijna 10.000 exemplaren zijn uitgezet in het in fig. 89 afgebeelde histogram. Hieruit is te zien, dat de eerste generatie in de tweede helft van mei goed gaat vliegen en tegen het eind van juni zijn climax bereikt. De hele maand juli en een groot deel van augustus blijven de aantallen hoog om pas tegen het eind duidelijk (en snel) te dalen. In september zien we al flinke hiaten in de gegevens en in oktober komt de vlinder nog slechts sporadisch voor. Ook hier dus weer geen spoor van een af- scheiding tussen de generaties, zelfs geen duidelijke tweede top. 250 Fig. 89. Histogram van Semiothisa notata L. 136 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1150) Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, Vlieland, Kollum, Beetsterzwaag, Olterterp, Wijnjeterp, Oosterwolde, Oldeberkoop, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Rijs. Gr.: Groningen. Dr.: Roden, Veenhuizen, Zuidlaren, Eext, Odoorn, Schoonlo, Wijster, Westerbork, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Vollenhove, Balkbrug, Oudleusen, Ommen, Eerde, Junne, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Diepenveen, Schalkhaar, Platvoet, Colmschate, Markelo, Nijverdal, Notter, Rijssen, Rectum, Almelo, Zenderen, Hengelo, Delden, Oele, Enschede, Lonneker, De Lutte, Tusveld, Molenven (Saasveld), Weerselo, Albergen, Reutum, Oot- marsum, Agelo, Volthe, Rossum. Gdl.: Nijkerk, Putten, Ermelo, Harderwijk, Voorthuizen, Stroe, Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Leuvenum, Elspeet, Hulshorst, Nunspeet, Doornspijk, 't Harde, Vierhouten, Soerel, Hattem, Tongeren, Wissel, Heerde, Gortel, Nierssen, Vaassen, Wiessel, Hoog- Soeren, Assel, Apeldoorn, Teuge, Twello, Wilp, Klarenbeek, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Loenen, Beek- bergen, Laag-Soeren, Spankeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Velp, Schaarsbergen, Woeste Hoeve, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerveen, Hoge Veluwe, Arnhem, Schaarsbergen, Wolfheze, Heelsum, Renkum, Wageningen, Bennekom, Ede, Lunteren; Joppe, Epse, Gorssel, Warnsveld, Eefde, Zutfen, Lochem, Barchem, Vorden, Ruurlo, Boekhorst, Winterswijk, Ratum, Aalten, Varsseveld, Silvolde, Terborg, Doetinchem, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Laag-Keppel, Drempt, Doesburg, Angerlo, Bijvank, Montferland, Tolkamer; Berg en Dal, Ubbergen, Nijmegen, Groesbeek, Hatert. Utr.: Rhenen, Ame- rongen, Doorn, Austerlitz, Driebergen, Zeist, Bunnik, Bilthoven, Oud-Leusden, Amersfoort, Soest, Baarn, Lage Vuursche, Hollandse Rading. N.H.: Hilversum, Blaricum, Huizen, Bussum, Naarden, Naardermeer, Weesp, Beemster, Robbenoord, De Koog (Texel), Schoorl, Castricum, Heemskerk, Santpoort, Haarlem, Overveen, Zandvoort, Bentveld, Aerdenhout, Vogelenzang. Z.H.: Noordwijk, Oegstgeest, Wassenaar, Meijendel, Den Haag, Schiedam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Dordrecht, Oost- voorne, Hellevoetsluis. Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Burghsluis, Oostkapelle, Clinge. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Breda, Teteringen, Strijbeek, Oisterwijk, Kampina, Haaren, ’s-Hertogenbosch, Sint Michielsgestel, Veghel, Esch, Best, Middelbeers, Hapert, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Eindhoven, Nuenen, Aarle-Rixtel, Leende, Maarheeze, Neerkant, Helenaveen, Liessel, Deurne, Vierlingsbeek, Groeningen, Vortum. Lbg.: Mook, Plasmolen, Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, Arcen, Castenrai, Griends- veen, Sevenum, Velden, Blerick, Venlo, Tegelen, Belfeld, Swalmen, Roggel, Moesel, Roermond, Maasniel, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Annendaal, Echt, Stein, Brunssum, Kerkrade, Wijlre, Oud- Valkenburg, Geulem, Meerssen, Geulle, Bunde, Ambij, Cadier, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Oost-Maarland, Eijsden, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Eperheide, Mechelen, Epen, Camerig, Nijs- willer, Holset, Vijlen, Lemiers, Mamelis. Variabiliteit. f. diluta Lempke, 1953. De vorm met zeer lichte tekening werd nog bekend van: Blaricum, Aerdenhout (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Bogaard). f. luteolaria Tengström, 1869. Exemplaren met duidelijk geelachtige grondkleur zijn niet al te zeldzaam, van zoveel vindplaatsen bekend, dat ze niet opgenoemd behoeven te worden. f. albescens nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels witachtig, tekening duidelijk. Wilp, 4, 16—21.V.1951 (holotype, Van de Pol). [Ground colour of the wings whitish, markings distinct. ] f. lunulacarens Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren waarbij de insnijding van de achterrand van de voorvleugels geen verdonkerde franje heeft, zijn zowel bij 4 als 9 vrij gewoon. f. fuscomarginata Lempke, 1953. Het holotype is afgebeeld op Plaat 1, Fig. 8. Geen nieuwe vangsten. f. innotata Fuchs, 1901. Exemplaren zonder de donkere discale voorvleugel- vlekjes zijn niet gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Zuidlaren (Bogaard); Wiessel (Zoöl. Mus.); Velden (Ottenheijm); Belfeld (Cox); Brunssum (Claassens). f. uniformata Lempke, 1953. Geen nieuwe gegevens. f. costijuncta nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de eerste en tweede dwarslijn dicht bij elkaar en door een donker streepje langs de voorrand met elkaar verbonden. Apeldoorn, 2, 17.VI.1903 (holotype, Leids Mus.). (1151) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 137 [Upper side fore wings: the first and second transverse lines close together and interconnected by a dark line along the costa.] f. lineata nov. Voorvleugels met drie, achtervleugels met twee opvallend duidelijke dwarslijnen. Eindhoven (Neijts); Roermond, 9, 22.V.1956 (holotype, Van de Pol); Vijlen, &, 27.V.1956 (Langohr). [Fore wings with three, hind wings with two very distinct transverse lines. ] f. signata nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de voorrandsvlek bruinzwart, de discale vlek- jes diepzwart. Bergeijk, 9, 27.VI.1968 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Upper side fore wings: the costal spot brown-black, the discal spots deep black.] Dwergen. Diepenveen (Bank); Hilversum, Holset (Zoöl. Mus.); Eindhoven (Neijts). Teratologische exemplaren. De rechter achtervleugel ontbreekt. Wiessel (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Bennekom (Van de Pol); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Bogaard). Linker achtervleugel ontbreekt. Bennekom (Van de Pol). Semiothisa alternaria Hübner. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 198; Cat. XI: (809). Voor de lepidopterologen van de vorige generatie was notata de gewone soort en alternaria de zeldzamere. Zie Ter Haar, die geen afzonderlijke vindplaatsen vermeldt van de eerst- genoemde, maar wel van de andere. Op het ogenblik echter is alternaria op diverse vindplaatsen veel gewoner dan »otata. De soort is blijkbaar in de loop van deze eeuw sterk vooruit gegaan. Hij blijkt zich in allerlei biotopen goed thuis te voelen, op de zand- gronden even goed als in het Fluviatiel District en het Hafdistrict of het Krijtdistrict, als er maar houtgewas groeit waarop de rups kan leven. Nu bekend van drie van de wad- deneilanden. De vliegtijd komt vrijwel overeen met die van »ofata, van de eerste helft van april tot begin oktober (11.IV—5.X). By alternaria echter hoofdvliegtijd van de eerste generatie in juni. Ook nu geen scheiding tussen de twee generaties, maar wel in de eerste helft van augustus een vrij duidelijke top van de tweede generatie. De weinige late exemplaren van begin oktober zijn mogelijk een aanduiding van een zeer partiële derde generatie. Zie het in Fig. 90 afgebeelde histogram, samengesteld uit de gegevens van bijna 9500 exemplaren. Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, Leeuwarden, Eernewoude, Beetsterzwaag, Olterterp, Bakke- veen, Duurswoude, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Wolvega, Nijetrijne, Nijemirdum, Oude- mirdum. Gr.: Haren. Dr.: Roden, Donderen, Veenhuizen, Zuidlaren, Schoonlo, Westerbork, Wijster, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Marknesse, Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Diepenveen, Schalk- haar, Holten, Rijssen, Molenven (Saasveld), Rectum, Almelo. Gdl.: Stroe, Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Elspeet, Hulshorst, Doornspijk, Vierhouten, Soerel, Hattem, Tongeren, Wissel, Heerde, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Wilp, Klarenbeek, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Spankeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Velp, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe, Wolfheze, Heelsum, Bennekom; Epse, Joppe, Gorssel, Eefde, Warnsveld, Ruurlo, Neede, Winterswijk, Silvolde, Terborg, Hoog-Keppel, Hummelo, Laag-Keppel, Drempt, Doesburg, Angerlo, Aerdt; Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk, Ochten, Lienden, Buren, Neerijnen, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Rhenen, Auster- litz, Bilthoven, Bunnik, Nieuwersluis. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Bussum, Naardermeer, Weesp, Amsterdamse Bos (gewoon, Peerdeman), Middelie, Oosthuizen, Hoorn, Texel, Schoorl, Bergen, Egmond-Binnen, Bakkum, Castricum, Aerdenhout. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Noordwijk, Leiden, Meijendel, Voorschoten, Loosduinen, Naaldwijk, Staelduin, Rotterdam (Kralingerhout), Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Melissant, Ouddorp. Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Vrouwenpolder, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Cadzand, Hoek. N.B.: Schijf, Teteringen, Strijbeek, Dorst, Biesbosch, Waalwijk, Drunen, Nieuwkuik, Udenhout, Kampina, Boxtel, Oostelbeers, Best, Acht, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Waalre, Leende, Maar- 138 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1152) 200 Fig. 90. Histogram van Semiothisa alternaria Hb. heeze, Neerkant, Helenaveen, Vierlingsbeek, Vortum, Uden, Mill, Gassel. Lbg.: Plasmolen, Geijs- teren, Broekhuizen, Stokt, Castenrai, De Hamert, Velden, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Meijel, Ospel, Roggel, Moesel, Belfeld, Meinweg, Herkenbosch, Vlodrop, Echt, Chèvremont, Kerkrade, Eijs, Geren- dal, Oud-Valkenburg, Valkenburg, Sibbe, Bunde, Geulle, Cadier, Maastricht, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Oost-Maarland, Eijsden, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Eperheide, Mechelen, Camerig, Vijlen, Lemiers, Mamelis. Variabiliteit. f. demaculata Heinrich, 1923. De vorm zonder de donkere dis- cale vlekjes op de voorvleugels is schaars maar ongetwijfeld zeer verbreid onder de soort, daar ik notities van ruim twee dozijn nieuwe vindplaatsen heb. Vermelding ervan is dus niet meer nodig. f. costanuda Lempke, 1953. De vorm met niet meer afstekende vlekjes aan de voor- rand van de voorvleugels is zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaats: Doorn (Zoöl. Mus.). f. lineata Lempke, 1953. Nieuwe vindplaats: Maarheeze (Neijts). f. lutescens Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren met min of meer geel getinte vleugels werden nog aangetroffen te: Apeldoorn, Empe, Bussum, Overveen (Zoöl. Mus.); Schijf (Van de Pol). f. fuscomarginaria Dannehl, 1927. Nieuwe vindplaatsen van de vorm met breed don- (1153) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 139 ker gerande vleugels: Apeldoorn, Twello, Harskamp, Amsterdamse Bos, Woerdense Ver- laat, Wassenaar, Den Haag, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts); Deurne (Nies). f. fusca Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren met geheel verdonkerde grondkleur werden nog aangetroffen te: Soest, Woerdense Verlaat, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Van Oosterhout); Oostvoorne (Lucas); Goeree (Kwaden Hoek) (Huisman); Nuenen, Maarheeze (Neijts); Vlodrop, Geulle (Maassen); Gerendal (Leffef). f. pallida Lempke, 1953. Nieuwe vindplaatsen van de vorm met witachtige grond- kleur: Apeldoorn (Leffef); Empe, Overveen, Aerdenhout, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Bussum (gecombineerd met f. demaculata, Ter Laag); Bakkum (Van Rooyen); Goeree (Kwaden Hoek) (Huisman); Bergen op Zoom (Wilmink). f. lunulacarens Lempke, 1953. De vorm zonder de donker gekleurde insnijding aan de achterrand van de voorvleugels is veel schaarser dan bij S. notata. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn, Harskamp, Bussum (Zoöl. Mus.). Dwergen. Abdij Sion (Flint); Tongeren, Bergeijk (Zoöl Mus.). Teratologisch exemplaar. Beide achtervleugels ontbreken. Winterswijk (Huisman). Opmerking. Er zijn nog maar enkele gebieden in ons land, waar S. notata duide- lijk gewoner is dan S. alternaria, namelijk Grollo (Leffef, in twee jaar 369 not. tegen 217 alt.), Dwingelo (Van Aartsen), Twello (volgens de lichtvangsten van Coldeweij, 314 not. tegen 125 alt.), Apeldoorn en wijde omgeving (Leffef, 1263 not. tegen 879 alt), Bennekom (duidelijk meer, Van de Pol), het midden en zuiden van Limburg vol- gens alle daar werkende verzamelaars. Daarentegen is alternaria in de meerderheid te Wijnjeterp (113 alt. tegen 23 not., G. Dijkstra Hzn.), Nijetrijne (164 alt. tegen 93 not, Leffef), Aalten (Van Galen), Lienden in de Betuwe (lichtvangsten in 1969, geen enkele notata, P. Gruys), Naardermeer (488 alt. tegen 17 not., Wolschrijn), Overeen (232 alt. tegen 1 not. in 1967 en 1968, Lempke), Oostvoorne (3023 alt. tegen 12 not. in 1965— 1969, Vestergaard c.s.), Goeree-Overflakkee (wel geregeld alternaria, geen notata, Huis- man en Vroegindeweij), Oostkapelle en Valkenisse (Van Aartsen), Cadzand (in 1963 153 alt., geen not., Peerdeman), Bergen op Zoom (alt. iets meer dan not, Asselbergs), Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg), Moesel bij Weert (in 1966 176 alt. tegen 19 nor. Peerdeman, in tegenstelling dus tot de ervaring meer oostelijk en zuidelijk in Limburg). Ongeveer gelijke aantallen worden nu nog gevonden op diverse plaatsen in oostelijk Gelderland (Ruurlo, Hoog-Keppel, Berg en Dal) en in de Peel. Uit al deze gegevens is nauwelijks een conclusie te trekken voor bepaalde biotoopvoorkeur. Wel staat nu vast, dat alternaria in de westelijke helft overheerst. Semiothisa signaria Hübner. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 201; Cat. XI : (812). Weer een soort, die zich in de loop van deze eeuw sterk in ons land uitgebreid heeft: voor het eerst ge- vonden in 1907, in 1953 al 29 vindplaatsen bekend, en nu komen daar weer 119 nieuwe bij. Een verschijnsel dat we van de meeste sparresoorten kennen. „Uit waarnemingen van imagines in bestanden van Larix valt af te leiden, dat de rups ook hierop leeft” (Leffef). De vlinder is reeds van drie van de waddeneilanden bekend! De uiterste data van de vliegtijd zijn nu: 17.V en 21.VIII met maximum in de twee- de helft van juni en bijna de hele maand juli (vgl. het histogram afgebeeld in Fig. 91, samengesteld uit de gegevens van ruim 7000 exemplaren). Na half augustus wordt de vlinder weinig meer waargenomen. Dat wijst wel op het voorkomen van slechts één generatie. Het histogram bevat ook geen enkele aanwijzing voor een tweede. De buiten- 140 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1154) landse publicaties die ik kon raadplegen, vermelden ook alle slechts één generatie. Lhomme bijv. zegt in zijn „Catalogue” voor Frankrijk: „surtout méridionale” en geeft als vliegtijd juni en juli (1. c.: 399). Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Terschelling (1957, Bentinck, Van Wisselingh), Beetsterzwaag, Bakke- veen, Wijnjeterp, Oudemirdum, Nijemirdum. Dr.: Roden, Donderen, Westervelde, Schipborg, Zuid- laren, Eext, Hooghalen, Schoonlo (gewoon, Leffef). Ov.: Nagele (1964, Van Tuijl), Balkbrug, Lemelerberg, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Kranenkamp (Diepenveen), Rijssen, Rectum, Vasse, Volthe. Gdl.: Putten, Voorthuizen, Stroe, Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Leuvenum, Hulshorst, Nunspeet, Vierhouten, Soerel, 't Harde, Oldebroek, Tongeren, Heerde, Epe (talrijk, Kaijadoe), Gortel, Niers- sen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge (de Hartelaar, Leffef), Appen, Klarenbeek, Empe, Voor- stonden, Uchelen, Loenen, Laag-Soeren, Brummen, Spankeren, Imbosch, Ellecom, De Steeg (Post- bank), Schaarsbergen, Deelen, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe, Wolfheze, Wage- ningen, Ede, Lunteren; Epse, Gorssel, Almen, Ruurlo, Ratum, Woold, Bredevoort (Het Klooster), Sinderen, Hummelo, Babberich, Loerbeek; Berg en Dal. Utr.: Austerlitz, Amersfoort, Hollandse Rading. N.H.: Bussum, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Robbenoord (1969, Houkes), Den Hoorn-Texel (1956, A. van Tuijl; 1967, P. Smit, Texel’s Museum), Heemskerk (1960, Aukema). Z.H.: Dor- drecht (1922, Leids Mus.), Melissant (1962, Huisman, zonder twijfel zwerver). Zl: Burgh (Leffef). 225 Fig. 91. Histogram van Semiothisa signaria Hb. (1155) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 141 N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Wouw, Oosterhout, Boxtel, Best, Bergeijk, Eindhoven, Leende, Budel, Helenaveen, Deurne, De Rips, Sint Anthonis. Lbg.: Plasmolen, Broekhuizen, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Swalmen, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Stein, Brunssum, Meerssen, Mechelen, Holset, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. f. demaculata Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren zonder de donkere mediane vlekjes op de voorvleugels komen weinig voor bij deze soort. Nieuwe vindplaat- sen: Ruurlo (Lukkien); Aalten (Van Galen); Epen (Zoöl. Mus.). f. agraptus Schultz, 1930. Geen verdere exemplaren die aan de gegeven beschrijving beantwoorden. f. fusca Lempke, 1953. Verdonkerde exemplaren werden nog bekend van: Eext, Apel- doorn, Hoenderlo, Hollandse Rading, Plasmolen (Zoöl. Mus.); Wiessel (Soutendijk). f. lineata nov. Voorvleugels met scherp afstekende dwarslijnen. Hooghalen, 9 , 3.VII. 1969 (holotype, Van Aartsen). [Fore wings with sharply contrasting transverse lines. | Dwerg. Montfort (Maassen). Semiothisa liturata Clerck. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 202; Cat. XI: (813). Verbreiding als in 1953 werd aangegeven. Nu bekend van drie van de waddeneilanden. Ook vrij veel vindplaatsen die beslist van zwervers afkomstig moeten zijn. Hoewel de rups aangewezen is op naaldhout, blijkt hij toch over een vrij gevarieerd menu te beschikken. Leffef trof hem op de volgende soorten aan: Douglas-den (Pseudo- tsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco), spar (Picea abies (L.) Karsten), zeeden (Pinus pinas- ter Aiton), Oostenrijkse of zwarte den (Pinus nigra subsp. nigra Arnold), Corsikaanse den (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire), grove den (Pinus sylvestris L.), lork (Larix Xeurolepis A. Henry) en te Kootwijk op jeneverbes (Juniperus communis L.). De vliegtijd kan in de tweede helft van april beginnen (vroegste datum thans: 21.IV) en voortduren tot in oktober. Ook bij deze soort blijkt het hoogtepunt van de eerste generatie in eind juni, begin juli te vallen. Zonder onderbreking sluiten eerste en tweede generatie bij elkaar aan, maar wel is in de tweede helft van augustus weer een kleine stijging te zien. Na half september neemt het aantal exemplaren snel af en in oktober worden nog slechts enkele vlinders waargenomen. Een zeer late litwrata werd nog 27.X.1954 door Leffef te Wiessel op licht gevangen (in collectie Zoöl. Mus.). Zoals in het in Fig. 92 afgebeelde histogram (samengesteld uit de gegevens van ruim 18.500 exemplaren) te zien is, staat deze vangst geheel op zichzelf. Een exemplaar van een derde generatie is dus blijkbaar een rariteit. Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, Vlieland, Sexbierum (1963; Stobbe, diverse exemplaren, zwervers), Beetsterzwaag, Olterterp, Fochtelo, Oosterwolde, Appelscha, Duurswoude, Wijnjeterp, Nijemirdum, Oudemirdum. Dr.: Roden, Norg, Peest, Zuidlaren, Schipborg, Eext, Grollo, Schoonlo, Meppen, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Balkbrug, Hardenberg, Ommen, Dalfsen, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Schalkhaar, Tjoene, Deventer, Nijverdal, Rijssen, Delden, Molenven (Saasveld), Volthe. Gdl.: Stroe, Garderen, Uddel, Elspeet, Hulshorst, Doornspijk, ’t Harde, Vierhouten, Soerel, Tongeren, Heerde, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Tonden, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Spankeren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerveen, Otterlo, Wolfheze, Bennekom, Ede; Epse, Gorssel, De Voorst, Almen, Ruurlo, Woold, Hoog-Keppel, Hummelo, Loerbeek; Berg en Dal, Slijk-Ewijk, Kerkdriel (1958, Versteegh). N.H.: Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp (Westerneng, Van Tuijl, zwervers uit het Gooi), Amsterdam (weer in 1965, Houkes), Hoorn (Houtman 1958, De Boer, zwervers), Texel (Museum aldaar), Schoorl, Bakkum, Bentveld. Z.H.: Noorden (1959, Lucas), Oegstgeest, Voorschoten, Naaldwijk (1969, Proeftuin), 142 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1156) 200 a j s o Fig. 92. Histogram van Semiothisa liturata Clerck Rotterdam (1959, Lucas), Schelluinen (1963, Slob), Arkel (1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, toch steeds zwervers, Zwakhals), Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (1959, 1960, zwervers, Bogaard), Oostvoorne (regelmatig in bescheiden aantal, Vestergaard), Melissant (1954, 1959, 1963, zwervers, Huisman), Ouddorp (1954, idem). Zl.: Burgh (zwerver, Leffef), Haamstede, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle. N.B.: Wouw, Hoogerheide, Galder, Schijndel, Dorst, Oosterhout, Waalwijk, Drunen, Udenhout, Boxtel, Kampina, Nijnsel, Best, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Waalre, Valkenswaard, Schaft, Geldrop, Maarheeze, Liessel, Helenaveen, De Rips, Sint Anthonis, Oploo, Boxmeer, Uden, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, Stokt, Castenraij, Griendsveen, Sevenum, De Hamert, Arcen, Lomm, Velden, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Herkenbosch, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Putbroek, Echt, Heerlerbaan, Valkenburg, Geulle, Cadier, Gronsveld, Mechelen. Variabiliteit. f. lineata Lempke, 1953. De vorm met de scherp afstekende dwarslijnen is vooral bij het 9 vrij gewoon, bekend van tal van vindplaatsen. f. contrasta Lempke, 1953. De vorm waarbij de bruine band op voor- en achtervleugels tussen twee donkere lijnen ingevat is, is blijkbaar zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaats: Nij- megen (Zoöl. Mus.). f. semivirgata Cockayne, 1953, Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 65 : 241. Op de voor- vleugels staan de eerste en tweede dwarslijn dicht bij elkaar en vloeien zelfs gedeeltelijk samen. Zeist, &, 23.V.1953 (Gorter). (1157) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 143 f. costijuncta nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de eerste en tweede dwarslijn zijn door een donker bandje langs de voorrand met elkaar verbonden. Plaat 1, Fig. 9. Apeldoorn, 9, 11.V.1893 (holotype, De Vos); Nuenen (Neijts). [Upper side fore wings: the first and second transverse lines are connected by a narrow dark band along the costa} f. bilineata nov. Voorvleugels met scherp getekende basale en postmediane lijn, de discale lijn ontbreekt; achtervleugels alleen met postmediane lijn. Wiessel, 9, 27.V.1954 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Fore wings with sharp basal and postmedian lines, the median line is absent, hind wings only with postmedian line. } f. flavofasciata nov. De submarginale band op voor- en achtervleugels niet bruin, maar geelachtig, scherp afstekend. Nunspeet, 9, 27.V.1968 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [The submarginal band on fore and hind wings not brown, but yellowish, sharply contrasting. ] f. debrunneata Osthelder, 1931. Normaal gekleurde exemplaren zonder de bruine band blijven zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Otterlo (Ter Laag); Zeist (Gorter); Meinweg (Cox); Montfort (Maassen); Stein (Pater Mun- sters). f. albescens Kaucki, 1928. Geen nieuwe waarnemingen. f. brunnescens nov. Voorvleugels effen eenkleurig donker bruingrijs. Van de bruine band is alleen een vlek aan de voorrand over, de rest is nauwelijks zichtbaar. Alle ver- dere tekening ontbreekt. Achtervleugels witachtig bruin met donkerder achterrand. Bergeijk, 9, 15.1V.1959, e. 1. (holotype, Lukkien). [Fore wings plain unicolorous dark brown-grey. Only a spot on the costa is left of the brown band, the rest is hardly visible. All other markings are absent. Hind wings whitish brown, outer border darker.} f. marginata nov. Voor- en achtervleugels van bruine submarginale band tot franje met donkergrijze achterrandsband, scherp afstekend tegen de normale lichtere grond- kleur. Plaat 1, Fig. 10. Apeldoorn, 4, 5.VII.1959 (holotype), Zeist, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Swalmen (Maassen). [Fore and hind wings from brown submarginal band to fringe with a dark grey marginal band, sharply contrasting with the normal paler ground colour. } f. trexleri Schawerda, 1913. Nieuwe vindplaatsen van deze zwak getekende vorm zijn: Apeldoorn, Zeist, Hilversum, Bussum (Zoöl. Mus.); Hoog-Soeren (Lucas); Loerbeek (Peerdeman). f. nigrofulvata Collins, 1905. Deze melanistische vorm heeft zich in ons land enorm uitgebreid en komt nu in het oosten en zuiden vrijwel overal onder de soort voor. Plaat- selijk kan hij zelfs al een flink percentage van de populatie uitmaken, zoals te Bergeijk, waar wijlen Van Wisselingh een prachtige serie bijeenbracht (thans in Zoöl. Mus.). Uit het noorden ken ik nog geen vangsten (noordelijkste vindplaats Hardenberg, door Harsevoord). In het westen tot nog toe slechts twee exemplaren, te Bakkum (Huisenga) en in 1959 uitgerekend te Melissant (Huisman), waar de soort alleen als zwerver kan voorkomen (vermoedelijk uit Noord-Brabant). Vindplaatsen worden overigens niet meer vermeld. 144 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1158) f. nigra Peerdeman, 1962, Ent. Ber., Amst. 22 : 44, Fig. 7. Voorvleugels eenkleurig zwartachtig, achtervleugels eenkleurig donker grijs. Bergeijk, Leende, Vijlen (Zoòl. Mus., alle door Van Wisselingh); Sint Anthonis (Peerdeman); Geijsteren (Verhaak); Swalmen (Lücker). Dwergen. Eext (Wilmink); Denekamp, Hoenderlo, Zeist, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Heemskerk (Aukema); Nuenen (Neijts); Deurne, Stein (Pater Munsters). Semiothisa clathrata L. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 203; Cat. XI: (814). De vlinder is nu ook op diverse plaatsen in het Hafdistrict aangetroffen en kan daar lokaal zelfs heel gewoon zijn. Ook uit het Duindistrict zijn meer vindplaatsen bekend geworden. De soort heeft de laatste decennién zijn areaal in ons land duidelijk uitgebreid. Hij is nu zelfs op één van de waddeneilanden gevonden. 60 m Fig. 93. Histogram van Semiothisa clathrata L. Een exceptioneel vroeg exemplaar ving Claassens op 11.111.1954 te Kunrade. De nor- male vliegtijd begint met een exemplaar van 10.IV.1949 te Swalmen (coll.-Van Ooster- hout) en eindigt met een afgevlogen vlinder op 25.IX.1959 te Marknesse (Van de Pol). Uit het in Fig. 93 afgebeelde histogram (samengesteld uit de gegevens van ruim 3000 exemplaren) blijkt dat ook bij deze soort geen afscheiding tussen de generaties voorkomt. Er is tussen eind april en half september geen dag waarvan geen exemplaren bekend zijn. De eerste generatie begint in de laatste decade van mei goed te vliegen en dat blijft zo de hele maand juni. In de eerste helft van juli is de vlinder minder gewoon maar de eerste exemplaren van de tweede generatie beginnen dan al te verschijnen. Het maximum ervan valt in de tweede helft van juli en de eerste van augustus. In de derde decade van VIII neemt het aantal duidelijk af en na half september wordt de vlinder weinig meer gezien. (Op het nog niet in gebruik genomen industrieterrein te Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht komt clathrata de laatste jaren in grote aantallen voor, maar daar het onmogelijk is van deze populatie dagelijkse nauwkeurige tellingen te krijgen — er zijn er soms enkele duizenden, volgens Bogaard — is hij bij de samenstelling van het histogram buiten be- schouwing gelaten). Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Terschelling, Sexbierum, Leeuwarden, Wijnjeterp, Oudehorne, Wolvega, Nijetrijne, Sint Johannesga, Nijemirdum, Oudemirdum, Balk, Tjerkwerd. Gr.: Onstwedde. Dr.: Eext, Schoonlo, Odoorn, Frederiksoord, Ruinen. Ov.: Nagele, Marknesse, Kraggenburg, Vollenhove, Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Slagharen, Abdij Sion, Frieswijk, Wiene, Haaksbergen, Volthe, Flevoland; Lelystad. Gdl.: Ermelo, Wapenveld, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Terwolde, Wilp, Benne- kom; Epse, Gorssel, Ruurlo, Neede, Hoog-Keppel, Drempt, Angerlo, Tolkamer, Aerdt; Berg en Dal, (1159) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 145 Bemmel, Elst, Slijk-Ewijk, Ochten, Lienden, Buren, Geldermalsen, Neerijnen, Appeltern, Overasselt. Utr.: Veenendaal, Utrecht, Botshol. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Kortenhoef (algemeen in Het Hol, Wolschrijn), Bussum, Naarden, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp, Amsterdam (de laatste jaren door diverse verzamelaars), Amsterdamse Bos (algemeen, Peerdeman), Halfweg, Hembrug, Wormerveer, Beemster, Oosthuizen, Hoorn (in 1956 talrijk, Houtman), Middenmeer, Wieringerwerf, Robbenoord, Schoorl, Bergen aan Zee, Egmond-Binnen, Heilo, Zandvoort. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Leiden, Meijendel, Leidschendam, Delft, Naaldwijk, Staelduin, Rotterdam (Kralingerhout), Ottoland, Schelluinen (gewoon, Slob), Arkel, Asperen (gewoon, Slob), Biesbosch, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (de laatste jaren zeer talrijk op een nog ongebruikt industrieterrein, Bogaard), Barendrecht, Rhoon, Rozenburg, Heenvliet, Brielle, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Middelharnis, Sommelsdijk. Zl.: Kerk- werve, Westenschouwen, Burghsluis, Oostkapelle, Zoutelande, Valkenisse, Nieuwland, Ritthem, Groede, Cadzand, Hoek, Clinge. N.B.: Putte, Etten, Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Biesbosch, Waalwijk, Drunen, Kampina, Best, Geldrop, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Schaft, Maarheeze, Helenaveen, Milschot, Sint Anthonis, Oploo, Vierlingsbeek, Boxmeer. Lbg.: Gennep, Arcen, Lomm, Velden, Blerick, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Steijl, Belfeld, Reuver, Maasniel, Meinweg, Herkenbosch, Maasbracht, Montfort, Putbroek, Susteren, Heerlerbaan, Ubachsberg, Simpelveld, Col- mont, Gerendal, Geulle, Cadier, Heer, Sint Pieter, Cannerbos, Gronsveld, Sint Geertruid, Oost- Maarland, Margraten, Camerig, Nijswiller, Lemiers. Variabiliteit. f. chretieni Thierry-Mieg, 1910. Vrij gewoon, overal onder de soort voorkomend. f. aurata Turati, 1905. Niet zeldzaam, maar veel minder dan de vorige vorm. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Marknesse, Bennekom, Buren (Van de Pol); Staelduin (Van Oosten); Ouddorp, Zoutelande, Valkenisse, Welterberg, Valkenburg, Epen, Wijlre (Zoöl. Mus.). f. cancellaria Hübner, [1800— 1809}. Van de vorm met zeer dunne dwarslijnen (Plaat 2, Fig. 1) werd slechts een enkele nieuwe vindplaats bekend: Dordrecht (Leids Mus.) ; Eijs (Zoöl. Mus.). f. opipara Dahl, 1930. Exemplaren waarbij de buitenste dwarslijn vrijwel geheel ver- dwenen is, nog van: Wageningen, Elst, Rhenen, Best (Zoöl. Mus.); Putte, een exem- plaar waarbij de binnenste dwarslijnen bovendien grotendeels samenvallen (Asselbergs). f. demarginata Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren zonder de donkere vlekachtige band langs de achterrand nog van: Aalten (Van Galen); Rhenen, Deurne, Rijckholt (Zoöl. Mus.); Middenmeer (Houkes); Heemskerk (Bank); Kampina (Lucas). f. crassesignata Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren met opvallend dikke dwarslijnen (Plaat 2, Fig. 2) zijn niet zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Marknesse, Doetinchem (Van de Pol); Wiessel, Twello, Deventer, Voerendaal, Welterberg, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Zoutelande (Van Aartsen) ; Nuenen (Neijts) ; Stein (Pater Munsters) ; Neercanne (Lucas). f. anastomosaria nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de eerste en tweede dwarslijn groten- deels of geheel samengesmolten. Niet zeldzaam, vrij verbreid onder de soort. Holotype: & , Gronsveld, VIII.1960 (Zoöl. Mus.). [Upperside fore wings: first and second transverse lines for the greater part or completely fused.] f. disjuncta nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: derde en vierde dwarslijn in het midden niet met elkaar verbonden. Eveneens vrij verbreid onder de soort. Holotype: 9 van Elst, 20.VIII.1907 (Zoöl. Mus.). [Upper side fore wings: third and fourth transverse lines not connected in the middle. } f. ornataria Kroulikovsky, 1907. Enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen: Gorssel (Lucas); Valke- nisse, Welterberg (Zoöl. Mus.). Dwergen. Assel, Oostkapelle, Best, Eijs (Zoöl. Mus.); Wageningen (Gorter); Nue- nen, Sint Pietersberg (Neijts); Welterberg (Flint); Vaals (Lücker). 146 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1160) Teratologisch exemplaar. Tegelen, 31.VII.1967, een exemplaar zonder achtervleugels, op licht (Ottenheijm). Semiothisa artesiaria Denis & Schiffermüller. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 205; Cat. XI: (816). Na de twee exemplaren die ín Cat. XI vermeld werden, zijn er nog twee in Zuid- Limburg gevangen. Alle vier zijn afkomstig uit het westelijk deel van dit gebied, waar zich mogelijk een zeer kleine populatie kan handhaven. Ook in België is de vlinder nu aangetroffen. In 1951 werd een exemplaar gevangen te Loën op het Belgische gedeelte van de Sint Pietersberg, aansluitend dus aan het kleine Nederlandse areaal (Lambillionea 52: 62). Overigens is geen enkele melding uit de om- ringende gebieden in de literatuur te vinden. De nu bekende vliegtijd valt tussen eind juni en half juli (29.VI—13.VIT). Vindplaatsen. Lbg.: Stein, 29.VI.1959 (prachtig gaaf exemplaar, Pater Munsters); Rijck- holt, 13.VII.1955 (Van de Pol). Semiothisa brunneata Thunberg. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 200, Cat. XI: (811). Ver- breiding als in 1953 werd aangegeven. In het Hafdistrict, het Fluviatiel District en het Duindistrict zijn nog meer vindplaatsen bekend geworden, maar de vlinders zijn hier nooit zo talrijk als de bosbespopulaties kunnen zijn. Trouwens ook hier zijn ze aan opval- lende fluctuaties onderhevig, zoals Leffef bij zijn inventarisaties kon vaststellen. Behalve op bosbes vond hij de rupsen ook op Salix repens en opslag van S. caprea, S. cinerea, S. aurita en Populus tremula (in de Peel), zodat het voorkomen buiten de bosbesgebieden voor de soort dus geen moeilijkheden biedt. De vliegtijd kan tot in de eerste decade van augustus duren. De uiterste data worden nu: 2.VI—5.VIII. Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Beetsterzwaag, Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Wijnjeterp, Oudemirdum. Gr.: Groningen, Glimmen. Dr.: Zuidlaren, Eext, Schoonlo. Ov.: Marknesse, Balkbrug, Gerner, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Schalkhaar, Holten, Reutum, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Ermelo, Garderen, Nieuw- Milligen, Uddel, Hulshorst, Vierhouten, Soerel, Heerde, Epe, Gortel, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Empe, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Spankeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog- Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe, Harskamp, Wolfheze, Wageningen; Epse, Gorssel, De Voorst, Ruurlo, Korenburgerveen, Winterswijk, Het Woold, Hummelo, Loerbeek; Berg en Dal, Slijk-Ewijk. Utr.: Rhenen, Doorn, Amersfoort. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Bussum, Amsterdam (25.VI.1959, in totaal vier exemplaren tegen verlichte winkelramen in de Watergraafsmeer, Wolschrijn), Halfweg (1960, Van Aartsen), Hoorn (1955, Houtman), Overveen (Leffef), Heemstede (1956, Van de Pol), Aer- denhout (1960, Van Wisselingh). Z.H.: Wassenaar (1941, Van Wisselingh), Rotterdam (1959, Lucas; 1960, Vis), Schelluinen (1959 en later, Slob), Arkel (1960, 1964, 1966, Zwakhals), Oost- voorne (1960, Lucas; 1962, Van der Made c.s). Zl: Westenschouwen (Leffef). N.B.: Kampina, Middelbeers, Bergeijk, Eindhoven, Someren, Maarheeze, Liessel, Gassel. Lbg.: Griendsveen, Sevenum, Roggel, Tegelen, Belfeld, Swalmen, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Stein, Heerlerbaan. Variabiliteit. f. atomarioides Nordström, 1941. Blijkbaar een grote zeldzaam- heid bij ons, geen enkele nieuwe vindplaats. f. unilineata Lempke, 1953. De vorm van het 9 waarbij alleen de buitenste dwarslijn aanwezig is, werd nog bekend van Holten (Zoöl. Mus.). f. & uniformis Hoffmann, 1919. Mannetjes met ongetekende vleugels werden nog aangetroffen te: Wiessel, Renkum, Wassenaar (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Holset (Lucas). f. fusca Lempke, 1959. Deze donkere vorm is vooral bij het & vrij gewoon, blijkens (1161) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 147 de lange serie in het Zoöl. Mus. Van de wijfjes slechts drie van Hoenderlo en één van Austerlitz. Dwerg. Gassel (Van de Pol). Semiothisa wauaria L. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 205; Cat. XI : (816). Blijkens de beide lijs- ten van vindplaatsen komt de vlinder in vrijwel het gehele land voor, maar echt gewoon is hij in de regel toch niet, misschien omdat er nu veel meer met insecticiden gespoten wordt dan vroeger. Hij is thans bekend van twee van de waddeneilanden. De vliegtijd kan van begin juni tot ruim half augustus duren. De uiterste data zijn nu: 2.VI (in 1854 te Loosdrecht, 9, Zoöl. Mus.) en 17.VIII (in 1962 te Stein, Pater Munsters). Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Terschelling (1956, Leffef), Sexbierum, Leeuwarden, Ternaard, Beet- sterzwaag, Olterterp, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Wolvega, Nijetrijne, Nijemirdum, Oudemirdum, Tjerkwerd, Allingawier. Gr.: Noordlaren, Ter Borg. Dr.: Roden, Eelde, Norg, Veenhuizen, Donde- ren, Zuidlaren, Schipborg, Eext, Odoorn, Odoornerveen, Wijster, Ruinen, Meppel. Ov.: Zwartsluis, Zwolle, Dalfsen, Rechteren, Ommen, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Wiene, Molenven (Saasveld), Volthe. Gdl.: Uddel, Hulshorst, Nunspeet, Vierhouten, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Teuge, Klarenbeek, Voor- stonden, Schaarsbergen, Bennekom; Epse, De Voorst, Warnsveld, Ruurlo, Woold, Laag-Keppel, Hoog-Keppel; Groesbeek, Hatert, Bemmel, Slijk-Ewijk, Heteren. Utr.: Doorn, Woudenberg, Auster- litz, Amersfoort. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Naarden, Muiderberg, Amsterdamse Bos, Halfweg, Schoorl, Bergen. Z.H.: Staelduin, Schelluinen, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Hellevoetsluis, Melissant. Z1.: Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Cadzand. N.B.: Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Biesbosch, Drunen, Kampina, Best, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Eindhoven, Geldrop, Someren, Helenaveen, Sint Anthonis. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, De Hamert, Arcen, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Belfeld, Montfort, Putbroek, Heerlerheide, Heerlerbaan, Chèvre- mont, Bocholtz, Eijs, Valkenburg, Geulem, Bunde, Cadier, Heer, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Oost-Maar- land, Sint Geertruid, Mechelen, Camerig. Variabiliteit. f. fusca Lempke, 1953. Tot nu toe de donkerste vorm, die bij ons aangetroffen is. Verbreid onder de soort en van tal van vindplaatsen bekend. f. alba Prout, 1915. Exemplaren met witachtige grondkleur komen weinig bij ons voor. Nieuwe vindplaats: Leiden (Mevr. Martin). f. marginata Lucas, 1959, Ent. Ber., Amst. 19 : 206. Voor- en achtervleugels met opvallend donkere achterrand. Plaat 2, Fig. 3. Vooral een bij het 9 voorkomende vorm. Hoog-Soeren (Lucas); Apeldoorn, Nijmegen, Valkenisse, Bergeijk, Montfort (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Heemskerk (Westerneng); Oostkapelle (Wolschrijn). f. unicolor Lucas, 1959, Ent. Ber., Amst. 19 : 206. De kleine donkere schrapjes op de bovenzijde van de vleugels ontbreken geheel. Plaat 2, Fig. 4. Vaassen, Hoog-Soeren, Apeldoorn (Lucas); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Hilversum (Zoöl. Mus.); Muiderberg (Wolschrijn). f. v-remotum Schultz, 1931. Als in Cat. XI is aangegeven. f. v-solum Schultz, 1931. Geen enkele nieuwe vindplaats! f. reducta Lempke, 1953. Als in Cat. XI vermeld werd. f. lineata Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren met drie duidelijke dwarslijnen komen weinig voor. Nieuwe vindplaats: Wageningen (Van de Pol). f. plana Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren zonder enig spoor van dwarslijnen of aanduidin- gen daarvan nog van: Apeldoorn, Amerongen, Leidschendam (Zoöl. Mus.); Galder (Van Oosterhout); Stein (Pater Munsters). Dwergen. Raalte (Flint); Amsterdam (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts); Stein (Pater Munsters). 148 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1162) Isturgia Hübner Isturgia limbaria Fabricius. Tijdschr. Ent. 95 : 207; Cat. XI: (818). Verbreiding als in 1953 werd aangegeven. Rondom de twee vindplaatsen in het Gooi zijn een paar nieu- we bekend geworden, maar een echte verbinding via de Utrechtse heuvelrug met de Gelderse schijnt volkomen te ontbreken. Heel merkwaardig zijn een paar vangsten, telkens van één exemplaar, in het westen van het land, stellig wel te beschouwen als zwervers. Opvallend is het zeer grote aantal vindplaatsen in Limburg en ook in het oosten van Noord-Brabant. Duidelijk liggen hier de optimale gebieden voor de soort in ons land. De uiterste datum van de eerste generatie wordt nu: 21.VI (in 1939 te Albergen, Knoop), overigens geen correcties op de vliegtijden van de twee generaties. Vindplaatsen. Fr: Duurswoude, Sondel. Gr.: Laude. Dr.: Eext, Zandberg, Hooghalen, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Lemele, Averlo, Hezinge. Gdl.: Voorthuizen, Putten, Stroe, Elspeet, Nunspeet, Soerel, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Deelen, Kootwijk; Epse, Gorssel, Bredevoort, Terborg. Utr.: De Bilt, Bilthoven, Amersfoort. N.H.: Laren, Blaricum, Crailo, Naarden. Z.H.: Staelduin, één exemplaar op licht (Van Katwijk), Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, 25.VII.1958, een vers exem- plaar op licht (Bogaard). N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Galder, Strijbeek, Oosterhout, Loon op Zand, Drunen, Udenhout, Kampina, Sint Michielsgestel, Best, Vessem, Bergeijk, Waalre, Geldrop, Lieshout, Liessel, De Rips, Sint Anthonis, Zeeland. Lbg.: Ottersum, Afferden, Arcen, Broekhuizen, Tienraij, Grubbenvorst, Roggel, Ospel, Nunhem, Haelen, Melick, Meinweg, Herkenbosch, Vlodrop, Montfort, Putbroek, Sint Joost, Elsloo, Schinveld, Brunssum, Waubach, Eijgelshoven, Heerlerheide, Chèvremont, Ubachsberg, Bocholtz, Wijlre, Elsloo, Cadier en Keer, Gronsveld, Gulpen, Camerig. Variabiliteit. f. guadripunctaria Fuchs, 1899. Als in Cat. XI werd vermeld. f. nigrostriata Heydemann, 1938. Exemplaren met de zwarte wortelstraal op de achter- vleugels komen bijna overal in klein aantal onder de soort voor. f. postnigrescens Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren met eenkleurig zwartachtige achtervleu- gels zijn vrij gewoon, gezien het aantal nieuwe vindplaatsen: Harendermolen, Eext, Voorthuizen, Deelen, Kootwijk, Nijmegen, Wehl, Veenendaal, Roermond (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Wijster (Lucas); De Bilt (Caron); Nuenen, Cadier en Keer (Neijts); Eindhoven (Van Dulm); Belfeld (Cox). f. postclara Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren waarbij de achtervleugels even licht zijn als de voorvleugels, komen niet veel voor. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Waubach, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts). f. postdemarginata Lempke, 1953. Exemplaren zonder de donkere achterrandsband op de achtervleugels zijn eveneens zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn, Aalten (Zoöl. Mus.); Bergeijk (Van Oosten); Roggel (Neijts); Montfort (Maassen). Dwerg. Grubbenvorst (Neijts). Teratologische exemplaren. Vlinders waarbij één achtervleugel ont- breekt, worden bij /imbaria nogal eens gevangen, terwijl zelfs dieren zonder achter- vleugels zijn aangetroffen. Linker achtervleugel ontbreekt. Deelen, Tegelen (Zoöl. Mus.); Montfort (Maassen) ; Echt (Van Oosterhout). Rechter achtervleugel ontbreekt. Nunspeet (Bogaard); Wiessel, Assel, Deelen, Koot- wijk (Zoöl. Mus.); Vlodrop (Van Oosterhout). Beide achtervleugels ontbreken. Wiessel, twee mannetjes en één 9 (Zoöl. Mus.). (1163) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 149 Note. In 1957 D. Povolny and J. Moucha published an article: „Kritische Bemerkungen zu einigen Geometridengattungen” (Acta ent. Mus. nat. Pragae 31: 125—143, Plates I—VIII), in which they discussed, among other things, the relationship between Isturgia roraria Fabricius and I. limbaria Fabricius (l.c.: 135— 140). Their conclusion is that both belong to the same specific unit. As, according to these authors, roraria was described in 1777 and limbaria in 1794, they consider the latter a subspecies of the former, a statement already copied by several authors. Actually Fabricius described Phalaena limbaria as early as 1775 (Syst. Ent.: 624) so that, if both should belong to one specific unit, Isturgia limbaria limbaria would be the nominate subspecies. I should like to point out, however, that both inhabit the same territories in certain parts of Central Europe and there is no proof whatever that they interbreed there, so that the conclusion of these authors about their being conspecific seems to me somewhat premature. Cepphis Hübner Cepphis advenaria Hübner. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 312; Cat. X : (799). Behalve de vang- sten van enkele exemplaren die inderdaad wel zwervers zullen zijn, zijn ook diverse vlinders in het Duindistrict in de vallen gekomen, vaak op plaatsen waar geen Vaccinium voorkomt. Daar Leffef de rupsen te Liessel en te Helenaveen op wilg aantrof, blijkt de bosbes echter niet de enige voedselplant van deze dieren te zijn, zodat hiermee het voor- komen ook buiten het in Cat. X genoemde biotoop verklaarbaar is. De soort is nu ook van één van de waddeneilanden bekend geworden. De vliegtijd kan iets eerder beginnen dan in Cat. X vermeld is. De uiterste data worden nu: 11.V (in 1952, Lucas) tot 18.VII (in 1956, Lucas). Behalve de twee reeds genoemde exemplaren zijn geen andere van een partiële tweede generatie bekend ge- worden. Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, 1956, zeer lokaal in het bosbesgebied (Leffef), Beetster- zwaag, Rijs. Gr.: Onstwedde. Dr.: Eelde, Norg, Vries, Midlaren, Eext, Assen, Hooghalen, Schoonlo, Weerdinge. Ov.: Vollenhove, Balkbrug, Dalfsen, Ommen, Junne, Abdij Sion, Kranenkamp (Diepen- veen), Tjoene, Schalkhaar, Deventer, Colmschate, Bathmen, Holten. Gdl.: Putten, Garderen, Uddel, Hulshorst, Vierhouten, Soerel, Tongeren, Heerde, Epe, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog- Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Gietelo, Empe, Tonden, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Spankeren, Dieren, Woeste Hoeve, Hoenderlo, Hoge Veluwe, Kootwijk, Hoog-Buurlo, Wageningen; Epse, Gorssel, De Voorst, Eefde, De Boggelaar, Winterswijk, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Montferland. Utr.: Bilthoven, Soesterberg, De Treek. N.H.: Hilversum (Hoorneboeg), Bussum, Weesp (1963, Van Tuijl), Schoorl, Overveen. Z.H.: Leiden (1957, Lucas), Meijendel, Schelluinen (1964, Slob), Oostvoorne (1962, 1969, Vis, Vestergaard). Zl.: Haamstede, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Zoute- lande. N.B.: Wouw, Woensdrecht, Drunen, Boxtel, Best, Hapert, Bergeijk, Leende, Sterksel, Maar- heeze, Liessel, Helenaveen, Gassel. Lbg.: Griendsveen, Broekhuizen, Lottum, Venlo, Moesel, Sint Odiliënberg, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Echt, Geulem, Maastricht, Sint Geertruid, Bissen, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. f. fulva Gillmer, 1904. Nog een exemplaar van deze zeldzame vorm werd in 1966 te Bergen op Zoom gevangen (Asselbergs). f. brunnea nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels donker bruin, zonder gele tint, maar in tegenstelling tot de vorige, met de normale dwarslijnen. Vledder, 4, 12.VI.1946 (holo- type, Zoöl. Mus.); Woeste Hoeve (Van der Meulen); Ruurlo (Lukkien). [Ground colour of the wings dark brown, without yellow tint, unlike f. fulva with the normal transverse lines. | f. lilacina Lempke, 1951. Nog een paar exemplaren met bleek lila grondkleur van: Woeste Hoeve (Van der Meulen); Maarn (Zoöl. Mus.). f. fasciata Schwingenschuss, 1917. Nog een exemplaar met eenkleurig bruin midden- 150 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1164) veld van de voorvleugels van Meijendel (Lucas). f. rectilinea Strand, 1919. Gewoon, practisch overal onder de soort aan te treffen. f. approximata nov. De dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels staan dicht bij elkaar. Huls- horst, 9, VI.1937 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [ The transverse lines on the fore wings are close together. ] f. obsoleta nov. Kleuren normaal, maar dwarslijnen zeer zwak of ontbrekend. De Lutte, 3, 25.V.1919 (holotype, Bentinck). [Colours normal, but transverse lines obsolete or absent.] Dwerg. Wiessel (Zoöl. Mus.). Petrophora Hübner Petrophora chlorosata Scopoli. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 314; Cat. X : (801). Verbreiding als in Cat. X is aangegeven. Nu bekend van één van de waddeneilanden. De vliegtijd kan in late seizoenen tot half juli voortduren. De uiterste data zijn nu: 18.IV—15.VII (in 1956 te Loerbeek, Peerdeman; 13.VII.1947 te Elzen, Knoop). Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling (1956, Leffef), Olterterp, Beetsterzwaag, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Oudemirdum. Dr.: Vries, Zeijen, Eext, Schoonlo. Ov.: Kalenberg, Paaslo, Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Ommen, Junne, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Deventer, Markelo. Gdl.: Garderen, Uddel, Leuvenum, Elspeet, Vierhouten, Soerel, Tongeren, Heerde, Nierssen, Vaassen, Wiessel, Hoog- Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Empe, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Laag-Soeren, Spankeren, Dieren, De Steeg, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe, Wolfheze, Ginkel; Epse, Gorssel, Harfsen, De Boggelaar, Ulenpas, Loerbeek; Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk, Heteren (1962, Huisman). Utr.: Amersfoort, Utrecht, Lage Vuursche, Botshol. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Naardermeer, Hoorn (1953, Houtman), Heemskerk, Heemstede. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Leidschen- dam (1964, Blokland), Schelluinen (1963, Slob), Arkel (1964, Zwakhals), Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (1957, 1964, Bogaard), Oostvoorne, Melissant (1954, Huisman). Zl.: Westenschouwen, Oost- kapelle. N.B.: Halsteren, Bergen op Zoom, Hoogerheide, Schijndel, Kampina, Boxtel, Middelbeers, Sterksel, Maarheeze, Helenaveen, Vortum, Mill. Lbg.: Sevenum, Meinweg. Vlodrop, Montfort, Heerlerbaan, Wijlre, Schin op Geul, Valkenburg, Cadier, Maastricht, Rijckholt, Slenaken, Nijswiller, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. Te oordelen naar de vrij lange serie in het Zoöl. Mus. behoort ongeveer een derde van de exemplaren tot de bleke typische vorm, de rest voor het grootste deel tot f. petraria Hübner. f. brunnescens nov. Grondkleur van de voorvleugels bruinachtig. Montfort, 9, 10.VI.1963 (holotype, Maassen). [Ground colour of the fore wings brownish. } f. fuscata Lempke, 1951. De vorm met verdonkerde grondkleur van de voorvleugels komt in klein aantal vrij verbreid onder de soort voor. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Harfsen (S. R. Dijkstra); Zandvoort (Herwarth); Woerdense Verlaat, Nieuwkoop, Vijlen (Zoöl. Mus.); Belfeld (Cox); Swalmen, Vlodrop (Bogaard); Meinweg (Van Oosterhout); Montfort (Maassen); Wijlre (Lukkien). f. umbrosa nov. Met sterke donkere schaduw langs de voorrand van de voorvleugels en langs de binnenkant van de postmediane lijn. Kerperbos, 4, 20.V.1944 (holotype) Vaals, 4 (Zoöl. Mus.). [With strong dark shadow along the costa of the fore wings and along the inner side of the postmedian line.] (1165) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 151 f. unilinea Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren zonder de antemediane lijn werden nog bekend van: Kalenberg (Aukema); Naardermeer (Wolschrijn); Aalsmeer, Aerdenhout, Woer- dense Verlaat, Nieuwkoop (Zoöl. Mus.); Swalmen (Lücker); Montfort (Maassen); Nijswiller (Lucas). f. impuncta nov. Voorvleugels zonder middenstip. Naardermeer, 4, 15.V.1965 (holotype, Wolschrijn). [Fore wing without the discal point. } Anagoga Hübner Anagoga pulveraria L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 307; Cat. X : (794). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd vermeld. Nog steeds zijn geen vindplaatsen uit de drie noordelijke provincies bekend geworden, daarentegen weer een vrij groot aantal nieuwe uit Limburg. Deze provincie biedt met Noord-Brabant in ons land duidelijk de gunstigste levensvoorwaar- den voor de soort. De eerste generatie kan al in de eerste helft van april beginnen te vliegen, maar late exemplaren kunnen tot bijna half juli aangetroffen worden. De uiterste data zijn nu: 9.IV (in 1961 te Nuenen, Neijts) — 13.VII (in 1951 nog een groot afgevlogen 9 te Geulem, in Zoöl. Mus.). De tweede generatie is ongetwijfeld zeer partieel. In Zoöl. Mus. bevinden zich naast vrij veel gekweekte exemplaren slechts negen gevangen dieren. Ze zijn onmiddellijk te herkennen aan hun geringere grootte. De uiterste data van deze generatie zijn nu: 22.VII—11.IX (op de laatste datum in 1965 een exemplaar te Best, Van Aartsen). In de collectie van het Zoöl. Mus. bevindt zich een groot 4 van Vaals, van 29.VII. Mogelijk is dit afkomstig van een pop met verlengde diapauze, die dus uitkwam tijdens de vliegtijd van de tweede generatie. Dat dit bij Geometriden met meer dan één generatie geregeld moet gebeuren, blijkt wel uit de histogrammen, die bijna nooit een duidelijke afscheiding tussen de generaties laten zien. Toevallig is dit nu ook te controleren aan het uiterlijk van de vlinders. Vindplaatsen. Ov.: Schalkhaar. Gdl.: Elspeet, Laag-Soeren, Wageningen; De Boggelaar, Hoog-Keppel; Slijk-Ewijk. Utr.: Soest, Baarn. Z.H.: Hellevoetsluis. Zl: Burgh. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Hoogerheide, Strijbeek, Drunen, Haaren, Boxtel, Best, Bladel, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Maarheeze, Sint Anthonis, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, Stokt, Arcen, Lomm, Velden, Griendsveen (gewoon, Leffef), Sevenum, Roggel, Moesel, Tegelen, Steijl, Belfeld, Meinweg, Posterholt, Montfort, Echt, Stein, Wijlre, Sibbe, Gerendal, Geulle, Cadier, Kannerbos, Kerperbos, Vaals. Variabiliteit. f. rufescens Lempke, 1951. Een exemplaar met roodachtige grondkleur nog van Nuenen (Neijts). f. linearia Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren zonder verdonkerd middenveld van de voor- vleugels nog van: Laag-Soeren, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts). f. unicolor Hirschke, 1910. Exemplaren met ongetekende vrijwel eenkleurige voor- vleugels komen weinig voor. Nieuwe vindplaats: Nuenen (Neijts). Dwerg. Nuenen (Neijts). Plagodis Hübner Plagodis dolabraria L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 308; Cat. X : (795). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Nu ook bekend van één van de waddeneilanden. 152 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1166) Er blijkt nu en dan een zeer kleine tweede generatie voor te kunnen komen. De uiterste data van de normale (eerste) generatie zijn nu: 1.V—20.VII (van de laatste datum een volkomen afgevlogen 9 (Ermelo, 1905) in Zoöl. Mus.). Van de tweede generatie bevinden zich ín deze collectie een gaaf & en ® van 15.VIII.1952 (Apel- doorn, Leffef) en een 9 van 27.V11.1955 (Warnsveld, Waning Bolt), terwijl Van Wisselingh 12.VIII.1953 een exemplaar te Aerdenhout ving (in Zoöl. Mus.). Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling (in 1956 een exemplaar in West-Terschelling, Leffef; talrijk op de Landerumer heide, G. Dijkstra Hzn), Sexbierum (één exemplaar in 1962), Olterterp, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Oudemirdum. Gr.: Onnen, Glimmen, Noordlaren, Veendam. Dr.: Paters- wolde, Eelde, Donderen, Westervelde, Zuidlaren, Schipborg, Eext, Schoonlo, Hooghalen, Dwingelo, Diever. Ov.: Vollenhove, Balkbrug, Rechteren, Ommen, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Diepenveen, Molenven (Saasveld), Volthe. Gdl.: Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Elspeet, Hulshorst, Doornspijk, Vier- houten, Soerel, Tongeren, Epe, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Wilp, Klaren- beek, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Spankeren, Imbosch, Woeste Hoeve, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerveen, Harskamp, Wolfheze, Wageningen; Epse, Gorssel, Warns- veld, Eefde, Ruurlo, Winterswijk, Hoog-Keppel, Groesbeek. Utr.: Doorn, Austerlitz, Bilthoven, Vlasakkers. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Purmerend (Huisenga), Schoorl, Heemstede. Z.H.: Hendrik-Ido- Ambacht (Bogaard), Oostvoorne. Zl: Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle. N.B: Bergen op Zoom. Chaam, Dorst, Waalwijk, Drunen, Boxtel, Middelbeers, Eindhoven, Sambeek, Boxmeer. Lbg.: Geijs- teren, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Steijl, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Stein, Gronsveld, Mechelen, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. De grondkleur varieert van bleker tot helderder geelachtig, de dwarslijntjes variëren van lichter tot donkerder bruin en in aantal. f. pallida nov. Grondkleur van de voorvleugels licht, de donkere tekening zwak, de donkere vlek bij de binnenrandshoek van de achtervleugels weinig afstekend. Noord- laren, &, 24.V.1956 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.), Weldam, @ (Bentinck). [Ground colour of the fore wings pale, the dark markings feeble, the dark spot at the anal angle of the hind wings only feebly contrasting.] f. fasciata nov. Voorvleugels met volledige bruinachtige postmediane band. Woeste Hoeve, 9, 29.VI.1952 (holotype) een 9 van 1.VII.1952, beide uit dezelfde ei-kweek (Van der Meulen). TFore wings with complete brownish postdiscal band. Two females from the same batch of eggs.] Dwergen. Eext, Apeldoorn (Zoöl. Mus.). Pachycnemia Stephens Pachycnemia hippocastanaria Hübner. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 313; Cat. X : (800). Ver- breiding als in 1951 werd vermeld. Als zoveel heidedieren is ook deze soort nogal eens ver buiten zijn biotoop aangetroffen. Leffef vond de rups ook op kruipwilg. Nu bekend van twee van de waddeneilanden. In gunstige voorjaren meermalen al half maart aangetroffen: 14.III.1961 (Stein, Pater Munsters), 17.111.1961 (Wiessel, Van Aartsen), 18.III.1957 (Gassel, Van de Pol), 18.III.1961 (Schoonlo, Leffef). De tweede generatie kan al eind juni beginnen te vlie- gen: 26.VI.1948, Soestduinen, een exemplaar in Zoöl. Mus., dat blijkens zijn afmetingen tot deze generatie moet behoren evenals de volgende: De Bilt, 9 , 1.VII.1913, gekweekte exemplaren van 3.VII en 6.VII.1878, een exemplaar van 4.VII.1947 te Bennekom (Van de Pol), terwijl Lucas in 1946 en 1957 ook exemplaren op 4.VII ving. De vrij zeldzame derde generatie kan al in de eerste decade van september beginnen (1167) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 153 te vliegen: 9.IX.1950 te Wiene (Knoop), 11.IX.1962 te Helenaveen (Leffef). Verder: 19.IX.1953, Epen en 1.X.1961 te Bergeijk (Van Wisselingh), 23.IX.1959 te Stein (Pater Munsters). Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, Vlieland, Ternaard (één in 1966, G. Dijkstra), Beetster- zwaag, Duurswoude, Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Appelscha, Wijnjeterp, Oudemirdum. Gr.: Noordlaren, Veendam. Dr.: Peest, Steenbergen, Odoorn, Schoonlo, Meppen, Westerbork, Hooghalen, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Marknesse (Van de Pol), Balkbrug, Dalfsen, Frieswijk, Deventer, Bathmen, Okken- broek, Wiene, Volthe. Gdl.: Ermelo, Garderbroek, Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Elspeet, Huls- horst, Doornspijk, ‘t Harde, Vierhouten, Tongeren, Epe, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Klarenbeek, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Eerbeek, Spankeren, Imbosch, Dieren, Terlet, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe, Otterlo; Epse, Gorssel, Warnsveld, Ruurlo, Korenburgerveen, Woold, Doetinchem, Laag-Keppel, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Loerbeek; Berg en Dal, Slijk-Ewijk, Heteren (Huisman), Buren (Van de Pol), Geldermalsen (idem), Kerkdriel (1950, Versteegh). Utr.: Leersum, Austerlitz, Bilthoven, Soesterberg, Soestduinen, Amersfoort. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Crailo, Naardermeer, Weesp, Oosthuizen, Robbenoord, Schoorl. Z.H.: Rotterdam (Kralingerhout, 1958, Mus. Rotterdam), Schelluinen (één in 1956, Slob), Arkel (4.VIII en 18.VIII.1962, 13.VII.1968, Zwakhals), Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (29 en 31.VII.1958, Bogaard). Zl.: Westenschouwen, 1962 (Leffef), Goes (één in 1954, D. de Jong). N.B.: Hooger- heide, Bergen op Zoom, Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Udenhout, Vught, Kampina, Moergestel, Boxtel, Oirschot, Hapert, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Geldrop, Leende, Strabrechtse heide, Someren, Liessel, Helenaveen, Sint Anthonis, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, De Hamert, Sevenum, Griends- veen, Ospel, Moesel, Maalbroek, Melick, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Peij, Stein, Brunssum, Bunde, Gronsveld, Slenaken, Mechelen, Cottessen, Vijlen, Holset. Variabiliteit. Van het door Hübner afgebeelde holotype is geen vindplaats bekend, maar we mogen wel aannemen, dat het afkomstig was uit de omgeving van zijn woonplaats Augsburg of in elk geval uit het zuiden van Beieren. Onze populaties ver- schillen duidelijk van deze nominaatvorm. De voor- en achtervleugels zijn smaller, waar- door ze een minder forse indruk maken, hoewel de vleugelspanning nauwelijks verschilt. De grondkleur van vleugels en lichaam is vrijwel identiek. Om zijn tengerder bouw noem ik de bij ons voorkomende vorm modestaria subsp. nov. Zie Plaat 2, Fig. 5—10. [No locality is known of the holotype figured by Hübner (Samml. Eur. Schmetterl., Geom., Fig. 186, [1796-1799}). Cf. F. Hemming, “Jacob Hübner”: 217, 1937. But we may safely accept that he knew the species from the neighbourhood of his residence, Augsburg, or at any rate from South Bavaria. Mr. J. Wolfsberger kindly sent me a series of this nominate form from the collection of the Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates in Munich. The Netherlands populations differ from these specimens in the following character: the fore and hind wings are narrower so that they look less robust, although the span of the wings hardly differs (nominate form 27-28 mm, Nether- lands form, 26-28 mm, both from specimens of the first generation). Ground colour of fore and hind wings practically identical. Because of its frailer build I name the subspecies flying in the Netherlands modestaria subsp. nov. Cf. Plate 2 Figs. 5—10. Holotype: ¢, Wiessel (prov. of Gelderland), 8.IV.1960. Allotype: 9, Uchelen (prov. of Gelderland), 20.IV.1958. Both type specimens are in the collection of the Amsterdam Zoological Museum. } f. degenerata Hübner, [1809—1813}. Gewoon, nauwelijks te handhaven als afzon- derlijke vorm. f. nigrescens Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zwartgrijze grondkleur zijn al vrij ge- woon en van zoveel vindplaatsen bekend, dat ze niet meer vermeld worden. Teratologisch exemplaar. Rechter voorvleugel te klein. Bennekom (Van de Pol). 154 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1168) Opisthograptis Hübner Opisthograptis luteolata L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94: 308; Cat. X : (795). Verbreiding als in 1953 werd vermeld. Het aantal vindplaatsen in het Fluviatiel District en het Haf- district blijkt vrij groot te zijn. Met uitzondering van Ameland nu van alle grote wadden- eilanden bekend. 250 200 m j j a SE Fig. 94. Histogram van Opisthograptis luteolata L. Onze kennis van het verloop der generaties in Nederland is nog vrijwel even frag- mentarisch als in 1951. De gegevens van ongeveer 10.500 exemplaren zijn verwerkt in het in Fig. 94 afgebeelde histogram. De vroegste nu bekende datum is 30 maart (1958 een exemplaar te Rotterdam, Van Oosterhout). In april en begin mei is de vlinder nog zeer schaars en zal in koude voorjaren waarschijnlijk zelfs geheel ontbreken. In de (1169) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 155 tweede helft van mei worden de aantallen hoger en de gemiddelde top van de eerste generatie valt in de derde decade van mei of begin juni. In de eerste helft van juli daalt het aantal, zonder dat de vlinder echter geheel verdwijnt. In de tweede helft van augus- tus zien we een nieuwe top verschijnen, die echter veel lager is dan de vorige. De tweede generatie is dus kleiner en vliegt ook korter. In de tweede helft van september en de eerste week van oktober zijn de aantallen nog maar klein. De slotdatum is nu 14.X (in 1957 een 9 te Oosterwolde, Van Randen). Het is mogelijk, dat de exemplaren van eind september en oktober tot een zeer partiële derde generatie behoren (vgl. de reeds in 1951 vermelde gekweekte exemplaren uit 1868!). Uiterlijk zijn de vlinders van beide generaties over het algemeen goed uit elkaar te houden. Die van de tweede (en eventueel derde) zijn duidelijk kleiner dan de vlinders van de overeenkomstige sekse van de eerste generatie. Nu is het merkwaardig, dat alle exemplaren van juli in de collectie van het Zoöl. Mus. groot zijn (tot aan het eind van de maand toe!). De kleinere komen pas in augustus. De moeilijkheid bij deze soort is, dat zowel de pop als de rups kunnen overwinteren, wat natuurlijk een langgerekte eerste generatie tot gevolg heeft. Waarschijnlijk leveren alleen de vroege vlinders van de eerste generatie nog een tweede, maar dan een partiële. Helaas beschikken we over slechts één betrekkelijk goed beschreven ei-kweek, natuurlijk afkomstig van Sepp. In vol. 1, zesde stuk, p. 25— 28 van zijn prachtig werk schrijft hij, dat hij eind mei en begin juni 1768 uit gekregen poppen een & en een 9 kweekte, wat een legsel van bijna 400 eieren opleverde. Vanaf 10 juni kwamen de rupsen uit, + 20 juli verpopten de eerste en begin augustus verschenen de eerste vlinders. Ook hiervan werden weer eieren verkregen en de rupsen daarvan verpopten alle nog voor de winter. Maar de rupsen uit de eerste kweek groeiden onregelmatig op, want terwijl de eerste vlinders uitkwamen, waren er ook nog onvolwassen rupsen. Sepp schrijft jammer genoeg niet, hoe de ontwikkeling hiervan verder verliep. Een 2 dat 21.VIII.1952 te Apeldoorn gevangen werd (Leffef, in Zoöl. Mus.), valt tussen de exemplaren van de tweede generatie onmiddellijk op door haar grootte, over- eenkomend met die van een normaal 9 van de eerste generatie. Ook in Engeland heeft de onregelmatige ontwikkeling van het dier de aandacht ge- trokken. Alle beschikbare gegevens werden uitvoerig besproken door P. A. Lanktree (Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 72: 229—235, 1960; op. cit. 73: 34—39, 97—110, 155—156, 1961), maar ook hier zijn nog vele onopgeloste problemen. Interessant is nog een mededeling van H. E. Warry, die in oktober 1962 behalve twee vlinders ook twee rupsen aantrof, waarvan één goed overwinterde en pas 11 juli 1963 de vlinder leverde (Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 74 : 276, 1962 en op. cit. 75 : 260, 1963). Vooral van de latere vlinders van de tweede generatie zullen zeker de meeste rupsen overwinteren, maar uit Nederland bestaat geen enkele mededeling hierover. Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Schiermonnikoog, Vlieland, Sexbierum, Ternaard, Opeinde, Olterterp, Duurswoude, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Nijetrijne, Nijemirdum, Oudemirdum, Rijs, Tjerkwerd, Dedgum. Gr.: Sappemeer, Borgercompagnie, Veendam. Dr.: Roden, Paterswolde, Norg, Vries, Schipborg, Drouwen, Hooghalen, Schoonlo, Ruinen. Ov.: Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Dalfsen, Ommen, Junne, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Deventer, Bathmen, Delden, Hengelo, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Garderen, Uddel, Leuvenum, Elspeet, Hulshorst, Vierhouten, Wezep, Tongeren, Wissel, Epe, Gortel, Nierssen, Wenum, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Terwolde, Wilp, Klarenbeek, Voor- stonden, Tonden, Hali, Uchelen, Loenen, Leuvenheim, Spankeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerveen, Hoge Veluwe, Wolfheze, Wageningen; Epse, Joppe, Gorssel, Almen, Ruurlo, Laag-Keppel, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Angerlo, Bingerden, Groessen, 156 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1170) Aerdt, Tolkamer; Hatert, Slijk-Ewijk, Ochten, Lienden, Geldermalsen, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Doorn, Austerlitz, Bilthoven, Amersfoort, Baarn, Hollandse Rading, Maarssen, Nieuwersluis, Abcoude, Botshol. N.H.: Blaricum, Naarden, Naardermeer, Weesp, Amsterdamse Bos (gewoon, Peerdeman), Halfweg, Beemster, Oosthuizen, Schoorl, Egmond-Binnen, Heemskerk. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Meijendel, Leidschendam, Rijswijk, Delft, Staelduin, Vianen, Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Barendrecht, Rhoon, Oostvoorne, Rockanje, Hellevoetsluis, Middelharnis, Melissant, Ouddorp. Zl.: Renesse, Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Burghsluis, Kamperland, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Cadzand, Hoek. N.B.: Wouw, Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Biesbosch, Kam- pina, Oirschot, Acht, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Leende, Neerkant, Liessel, Helenaveen, De Rips, Vierlingsbeek, Vortum, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Castenraij, Broekhuizen, De Hamert, Lottum, Velden, Griendsveen, America, Sevenum, Tegelen, Belfeld, Meijel, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Melick, Sint Odiliënberg, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Echt, Stein, Elsloo, Schinveld, Hoensbroek, Heerlerbaan, Chèvremont, Simpelveld, Bocholtz, Eijs, Geulle, Bunde, Ambij, Cadier, Heer, Kanner- bos, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Oost-Maarland, Eijsden, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Mechelen, Camerig, Vijlen, Mamelis, Harles. Variabiliteit. f. intermedia Harrison, 1905. Exemplaren met bleekgele kleur komen weinig voor. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Bergeijk, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Sint Michiels- gestel (Knippenberg); Nuenen (Neijts). f. guadrilineata Nordström, 1941. Als in Cat. X is vermeld. f. delineata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren zonder spoor van dwarslijnen zijn schaars, maar komen vrij verbreid onder de soort voor blijkens een lijst van 15 nieuwe vind- plaatsen, zodat vermelding daarvan niet meer nodig is. f. impunctata Osthelder, 1931. Exemplaren zonder mediane vlek op de achtervleugels zijn veel zeldzamer. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Amersfoort (Nieuwland); Zeist (Gorter); Wassenaar (Zoöl. Mus.); Oostvoorne (Lucas); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg). f. ruficosta Lempke, 1951. Tal van nieuwe vindplaatsen van exemplaren met rode voorrand van de voorvleugels, maar alle in Zoöl. Mus. aanwezige behoren tot de tweede generatie. Toch komt de vorm ook nu en dan in de eerste generatie voor: Rotterdam (Lucas); Nuenen (Neijts). f. apiconigrescens nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de vlek bij de apex is sterk ver- donkerd, zwartachtig bruin of zwartachtig rood. Zeist, 9, 3.VIII.1945 (holotype, Gorter); Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg); Bunde, 4, IX.1964 (Leffef). [Upper side fore wings: the spot near the apex is strongly darkened, blackish-red or blackish- brown. } f. intensa nov. Grondkleur van voor- en achtervleugels donker geel. Zeist, 9, 17. VIII.1939 (holotype, Gorter). [Ground colour of fore and hind wings dark yellow.} f. apicolutea Cockayne, 1950. De vorm waarbij de rode vlek bij de voorvleugelpunt ontbreekt (maar de zwarte vlek ervoor aanwezig blijft) is zeldzaam, maar is blijkens de vele vindplaatsen zeer verbreid onder de soort. Deventer (Flint); Apeldoorn (Bank, Leffef); Bussum, Overveen (Zoöl. Mus.); Amsterdam (Peerdeman); Texel (P. Smit); Egmond-Binnen (Br. Melkert); Heemskerk (Van Aartsen); Wassenaar, Oostvoorne (Lucas); Acht (Verhaak); Nuenen (Neijts); Belfeld (Cox); Vlodrop (Van Ooster- hout); Montfort (Maassen); Brunssum (Claassens); Gronsveld (Leffef). f. tangens Lempke, 1951. De vorm waarbij de ante- en postmediane lijn elkaar even boven de binnenrand van de voorvleugels raken en daarna weer uit elkaar gaan, is zeld- zaam, slechts enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen: Rotterdam (Mus. Rotterdam); Melissant (Huisman); Nuenen (Neijts). (1171) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 157 Nog een asymmetrisch getekend exemplaar: op de rechter vleugels met rode vegen tussen de aderen. Bussum (Zoöl. Mus.). Dwerg. Naardermeer (Wolschrijn) ; Oostvoorne (Lucas). Teratologisch exemplaar. Rechter vleugels te klein. Epen (Zoöl. Mus.). Epione Duponchel Epione repandaria Hufnagel. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 310; Cat. X : (797). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Nu bekend van alle grote waddeneilanden met uitzonde- ring van Ameland. Leffef vond de rupsen vooral op struweel van Populus tremula. De vroegste datum is 12.V (in 1968 een exemplaar te Swalmen, Lücker). Zeer vroeg is ook 20.V (in 1917 en 1919 telkens een @ te Helmond, Knippenberg), wonderlijk vroege data voor een soort die als ei overwintert! De gegevens van bijna 3300 exem- plaren zijn verwerkt in het in Fig. 95 afgebeelde histogram. Zoals te verwachten is blijkt de vlinder tot in de tweede helft van juni weinig voor te komen. Pas vanaf 25.VI wordt hij wat gewoner. De top van de eerste generatie ligt omstreeks eind juli, begin augustus (ik trof in de collecties uit overwinterde eieren gekweekte exemplaren aan, die pas 31.VII uitgekomen waren!). Ook bij deze soort weer geen duidelijke grens tussen de twee generaties. Wel loopt het aantal in de tweede helft van september weer op, al blijft het duidelijk kleiner dan in de twee voorafgaande maanden (de tweede generatie is dus partieel). De laatste datum van een gevangen exemplaar is nu: 9.XI (in 1963 te Arkel, Zwakhals), terwijl Leffef nog exemplaren uit de pop kreeg op 16 en 19.XI. In dit verband vraag ik me af, of zo een late pop soms in staat is buiten te overwinteren, waardoor het in Cat. X vermelde exemplaar van april 1865 en mogelijk ook de zeer schaarse mei-vangsten te verklaren zouden zijn. 80 Fig. 95. Histogram van Epione repandaria Hufn. Vindplaatsen. Fr: Vlieland, Sexbierum, Sint Anna Parochie, Tietjerk, Eernewoude, Boorn- bergum, Beetsterzwaag, Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Wolvega, Nijetrijne, Oude- mirdum, Rijs, Tjerkwerd. Gr.: Zevenhuizen, Leek, Groningen, Glimmen, Veendam. Dr.: Roden, Peize, Zuidlaren, Eext, Schoonlo, Zweelo, Westerbork, Hooghalen, Wijster, Ruinen, Doldersum. Ov.: Kalenberg, Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Beerze, Hellendoorn, Abdij Sion, Deventer, Bathmen, Molen- ven (Saasveld), Rectum, Usselo. Gdl.: Uddel, Vierhouten, Tongeren, Epe, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Klarenbeek, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Laag-Soeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Hoge Veluwe, Kootwijk, Wolfheze, Wageningen; Epse, Joppe, Gorssel, De Voorst, Verwolde, Ruurlo, Korenburgerveen, Winterswijk, Ratum, Laag- Keppel, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Aerdt, Zevenaar, Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk, Lienden, Neerijnen, 158 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1172) Kerkdriel. Utr.: Amersfoort, Austerlitz, Bilthoven, De Bilt, Maarssen, Nieuwersluis, Botshol. N.H.: 's-Graveland, Blaricum, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp, Amsterdamse Bos, Hoorn, Schoorl, Bakkum. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Katwijk, Oegstgeest, Meijendel, Voorschoten, Leid- schendam, Rijswijk, Delft, Naaldwijk, Staelduin, Vlaardingen, Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Hendrik- Ido-Ambacht, Dubbeldam, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Middelharnis, Melissant, Ouddorp. ZI.: Renesse, Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Zoutelande, Valkenisse, Goes, Cadzand. N.B.: Halsteren, Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Chaam, Udenhout, Biesbosch, Waalwijk, Drunen, Kampina, Boxtel, Best, Acht, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Geldrop, Someren, Asten, Neerkant, Helenaveen, Liessel, De Rips, Vortum, Mill, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Broekhuizen, De Hamert, Arcen, Lottum, Sevenum, Griendsveen, Meijel, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Blerick, Tegelen, Belfeld, Reuver, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Sittard, Geleen, Amstenrade, Heerlerbaan, Bunde, Cadier, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Eijsden, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Mechelen, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. De mannetjes van de tweede generatie hebben niet zelden een zeer lichte grondkleur, maar een constant verschil tussen de exemplaren van beide generaties is er niet, ook niet in de grootte. In de vliegtijd van de tweede generatie komen soms dieren voor die opvallend fors zijn. Mogelijk zijn het verlate exemplaren van de eerste generatie, maar zonder kweekproeven is daarover geen zekerheid te krijgen. f. demarginaria Hellweger, 1914 (demarginata in Cat. X is onjuist). Exemplaren zonder de blauwgrijze kleur in het achterrandsveld van de vleugels zijn vrij gewoon en komen bijna overal onder de soort voor. f. glabra Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren zonder de donkere schrapjes op de vleugels werden nog bekend van: Wiessel, Aerdenhout, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.); Nieuwkoop (Lucas); Acht (Verhaak); Nuenen (Neijts); Geijsteren (Neijts, Verhaak). f. maculosa nov. Voor- en achtervleugels dicht bedekt met vrij grove oranjebruine schrapjes, ook de grondkleur vaak dieper geel, waardoor de totale indruk oranjegeel wordt. In Cat. X ten onrechte als f. aurantiaca vermeld. In hoofdzaak (of uitsluitend?) bij de wijfjes voorkomend. Plaat 2 fig. 11. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Denekamp, Colm- schate, Aalten, Wamel, Wassenaar, Serooskerke, Valkenisse (Zoöl. Mus., alle wijfjes); Nuenen (Neijts). Holotype: 2 van Twello, 14.VII.1931 (Zoöl. Mus.). [Fore and hind wings densely covered with rather coarse orange-brown strigulae, the ground colour often of a deeper yellow, giving a general impression of a yellow-orange tint.] f. purpureomarginata nov. Het gehele achterrandsveld van voor- en achtervleugels eenkleurig donkerpaars, maar overigens normaal. Plaat 2 Fig. 12. Oostkapelle, 4, 6—18.VII.1969 (holotype, Wolschrijn); Deurne (Nies). [The whole marginal area of fore and hind wings unicolorous dark purple, but for the rest normal. } f. aurantiaca Rebel, 1924 (lateritia Rudolph, 1926, Notul. Ent. 6: 77). Vleugels effen oranjerood (dus zonder donkere schrapjes), achterrandsveld vrijwel eenkleurig donker paarsgrijs. Plaat 2 fig. 13. Ongetwijfeld een zeer zeldzame vorm. Aerdenhout, 8 , 28.VI.1952 (Zoöl. Mus.); Swalmen, 9, 30.VIII.1953 (Mus. Rotterdam). (Van Wisselingh vermeldde het exemplaar van Aerdenhout als f. /ateritia in Ent. Ber., Amst. 15 : 19, 1954. Het door de Finse auteur beschreven exemplaar behoort ongetwij- feld tot dezelfde variatierichting als dat van Rebel, alleen was de grondkleur mogelijk nog iets dieper van tint. Rebel beschrijft deze als oranjerood, Rudolph als steenrood, maar overigens is er geen verschil. Vrij zeker een zelden voorkomende erfelijke vorm). f. impuncta nov. De middenstip op de bovenzijde van de voorvleugels ontbreekt. (1173) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 159 Raalte, ©, 15.VII.1958 (holotype, Flint); Nuenen (Neijts). [The central spot on the upper side of the fore wings is absent. | f. crasselineata Lempke, 1953. Enkele exemplaren van deze vorm, waarbij niet zelden alleen de buitenste dwarslijn verdikt is. Roermond, 9 (Lücker); Montfort (Maassen). f. linearecedens Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren, waarbij de postmediane lijn al voor de vleugelpunt de voorrand van de voorvleugels bereikt, komen in klein aantal vrij verbreid onder de soort voor: Abdij Sion (Flint); Lochem, Nijmegen, Wamel, Hilversum, Heems- kerk, Hillegom, Breda, Chaam (Zoöl. Mus.); Deventer (Lukkien); Winterswijk, Slijk- Ewijk (Van de Pol); Neerijnen (C. de Jong); Belfeld (Cox); Roermond (Lücker). Dwergen. Oostvoorne (Lucas); Haamstede (Zoöl. Mus.). Epione parallelaria Denis & Schiffermüller. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 311; Cat. X : (798). Verspreiding als in 1951 werd vermeld, behalve dat ook een exemplaar in het westen van het land is aangetroffen, mogelijk een zwerver. De vliegtijd is voor zover we nu weten van begin juli tot begin augustus (5.VII— 3.VIII). Bovendien is nu ook een exemplaar uit de tweede helft van september bekend geworden (22.IX), een bevestiging van het reeds door Püngeler vastgestelde voorkomen van een nu en dan voorkomende zeer partiële tweede generatie. Vindplaatsen. Dr.: Odoorn. Gdl.: De Voorst, Ruurlo, Winterswijk, Ratum, Kotten. Utr.: Zeist, 6.VII.1952 (Gorter). Z.H: Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, 3.VIII.1956 (Bogaard). N.B.: Helenaveen. Lbg.: Broekhuizen, Echt (Doort), Brunssum (4, 22.IX.1956, Claassens). Variabiliteit. f. impuncta nov. De middenstip van de voorvleugels ontbreekt. Winterswijk, 4, 13.VII.1952 (holotype, Lucas). [The central spot of the fore wings is absent.] Pseudopanthera Hiibner Pseudopanthera macularia L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 312; Cat. X : (799). Verspreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Van de zeer partiéle tweede generatie ving Huisman nog een exemplaar op 6.VIII.1951 bij Deventer. Vindplaatsen. Ov.: Abdij Sion, Deventer, Colmschate. Gdl.: Doorwerth, Carolinahoeve, Almen, Varsseveld, Silvolde, Hummelo, Drempt, Montferland. Utr.: Doorn. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Drunen, Boxtel, Oirschot, Middelbeers, Eindhoven, Heeze, Deurne. Lbg.: Ottersum, Geijsteren, Lottum, Beesel, Sint Odiliénberg, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Elsloo, Wijlre, Gronsveld, Slenaken, Camerig, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. f. transversaria Kroulikovsky, 1908. Van de vorm met tot banden verbonden vlekken werden nog exemplaren gevangen te: Hoog-Keppel, Gronsveld, Eijs, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Vlodrop (Asselbergs). f. interligata nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de onderste basale en de onderste me- diane vlek langs de binnenrand met elkaar verbonden. Breda, &, 3.VI.1909 (holotype), Oosterbeek, Epen (Zoöl. Mus., de beide laatste alleen op de linker vleugel). [Upper side fore wings: the lowest basal and median spots interconnected along the inner margin. | Dwergen. Aalten (Lucas) ; Middelbeers (Neijts). Pathologisch exemplaar. Rechter achtervleugel grotendeels verbleekt. Berg en Dal (Van de Pol). Teratologisch exemplaar. Rechter voorvleugel te klein. Plasmolen (Van de Pol). 160 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1174) Apeira Gistl Apeira syringaria L. Tijdschr. Ent. 94: 299; Cat. X : (786). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. De eerste generatie kan al in de tweede helft van mei beginnen te vliegen (23.V.1967, 9 te Nuenen, Neijts). De vroegste datum van de zeer schaarse tweede generatie wordt nu: 28.VIII (in 1950 een © te Aalten, Van Galen). Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Kippenburg. Gr.: Haren. Dr.: Vries, Eext, Schoonlo. Ov.: Kalenberg, Ommen, Abdij Sion, Hellendoorn, Rijssen. Gdl.: Harderwijk, Vaassen, Hoenderlo, Dabbelo, Wageningen; Gorssel, De Voorst, Warnsveld, Winterswijk. N.H.: ’s-Grave- land, Naardermeer, Texel (Museum aldaar), Overveen, Vogelenzang. Z.H.: Meijendel, Rotterdam (Kralingerhout, Van Oosterhout), Oostvoorne, Ouddorp. ZI.: Burgh, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse. N.B.: Chaam, Boxtel, Middelbeers, Eindhoven, Someren, Helenaveen. Lbg.: Lomm, Meinweg, Montfort, Wijlre, Vijlen, Holset. Variabiliteit. f. helvola Robson & Gardner, 1886. De herfstvorm werd nog bekend van: Abdij Sion (Flint); Vaassen (Lucas); Apeldoorn (Zoöl. Mus.); Nuenen (Neijts); Swalmen (Pijpers). f. © mariscolora Lempke, 1951. Blijkbaar een grote rariteit. Nog steeds is geen nieu- we vangst ervan bekend geworden! f. feminicolor nov. 4 met de bleke kleuren van het 9, tekening normaal. Niet gewoon, maar minder zeldzaam dan de vorige vorm. Loppersum, Heemskerk, ¢, 2.VII.1962 holotype (Zoöl. Mus.); Apeldoorn (De Vos); Aalten (Van Galen, Gorter); Zeist (Gorter). [& with the pale colours of the 9, markings normal. (The form cannot be identified with f. pallidaria Cockayne, 1948, Ent. mon. Mag. 84: 266, Plate E Fig. 6, in which all the dark markings are absent.) } f. flavescens Lempke, 1951. Geen nieuwe gegevens. f. obsoleta Lempke, 1951. Deze zwak getekende vorm werd nog aangetroffen te: Lobith (©, Pater Munsters); Berg en Dal ( 9, Zool. Mus.). Ennomos Treitschke Ennomos autumnaria Werneburg. Tijdschr. Ent. 94: 288; Cat. X: (775). Van achteruitgang van de soort is niets meer te bemerken, integendeel, hij is thans op vele plaatsen een gewone verschijning, vooral op licht. Ook het grote aantal nieuwe vind- plaatsen bewijst wel, hoe verbreid de vlinder in ons land is. Nu bekend van twee van de waddeneilanden. De vliegtijd kan eind juli beginnen en nog bijna een week langer duren dan in 1951 bekend was. De uiterste data worden nu: 29.VII (in 1959 te Marknesse, Van de Pol) en 8.XI (in 1962 te Haamstede, Leffef). Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Sexbierum, Sint Anna Parochie, Tietjerk, Ternaard, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Tjerkwerd. Gr.: Glimmen, Noordlaren, Borgercompagnie, Veendam, Vlagtwedde. Dr.: Westervelde, Assen, Eext, Schoonlo (gewoon, Leffef), Odoornerveen. Ov.: Marknesse, Zwartsluis, Dalfsen, Rechteren, Gerner, Raalte, Diepenveen, Abdij Sion, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Uddel, Vierhouten, Epe, Vaassen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Terwolde, Uchelen, Hoenderlo, Otterlo, Harskamp; Gorssel, Eefde, Laren, Ruurlo, Hoog-Keppel (gewoon, Leffef), Groessen, Aerdt; Hatert, Slijk-Ewijk, Lienden, Buren, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Darthuizen, Baarn, Nieuwersluis. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Naarden, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp, Ouderkerk, Amster- damse Bos, Halfweg, Wijde Wormer, Oosthuizen, Hoorn, Groot Schermer, Texel (Museum aldaar), (1175) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 161 Den Helder, Groet, Bergen, Egmond-Binnen, Bentveld, Heemstede. Z.H.: Leidschendam, Delft, Staelduin, Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Leerdam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Oud-Beierland, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Middelharnis, Ouddorp. Zl.: Haamstede (zeer gewoon, Leffef), Burgh, Westen- schouwen, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Wilhelminadorp, Cadzand. N.B.: Hoogerheide, Schijndel, Waal- wijk, Helvoirt, Boxtel, Enschot, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Geldrop, Helenaveen, Gassel. Lbg.: Griendsveen, Sevenum, Horst, Grubbenvorst, Belfeld, Reuver, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Meinweg, Montfort, Putbroek, Annendaal, Amstenrade, Heerlen, Terwinselen, Chèvremont, Bocholtz, Bunde, Cadier, Kannerbos, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Sint Geertruid, Camerig, Vijlen (gewoon, Leffef), Vaals. Variabiliteit. f. pallida Lempke, 1951. De bleekgele vorm is niet gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Leeuwarden, Hilversum (Zoöl. Mus.); Vaassen (Soutendijk); Arnhem, Grubbenvorst (Van de Pol); Vlaardingen (Van Katwijk); Nuenen (Neijts). f. aurantiaca Lempke, 1951. De vorm met diep oranjegele grondkleur is vrij gewoon, tal van nieuwe vindplaatsen, die niet meer vermeld worden. f. brunnescens nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels bruingeel. Marknesse, &, 27.VIII. 1958 (holotype, Van de Pol). [Ground colour of the wings brown-yellow. } f. costimacula nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels met grote zwarte vlek aan de voorrand dicht bij de apex. Plaat 3 Fig. 1. Wijtenhorst (Deventer), 3, 6.IX.1969 (holotype, Flint). [Upper side fore wings with large black spot on the costa near the apex.] f. apicata Lempke, 1951. De vorm met de donkere paarsachtige vlek aan de voor- vleugelpunt blijkt zo gewoon te zijn, dat het niet nodig is alle afzonderlijke vindplaatsen ervan te vermelden. f. maculosa Lempke, 1951. Hetzelfde geldt voor de vorm waarbij de vleugels dicht donker besprenkeld zijn. f. distincta Heinrich, 1916. Ook de vorm waarbij beide dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels in hun volle lengte aanwezig zijn, is gewoon. f. latelineata nov. De postdiscale lijn op voor- en achtervleugels sterk verbreed. Plaat 3 Fig. 2. Buren, &, 28.IX.1962 (holotype), Terwolde, & (beide Van de Pol). [The postdiscal line on fore and hind wings strongly broadened. } f. nigrescens nov. Het middenveld en het achterrandsveld van de voorvleugels ge- deeltelijk zwartachtig. Plaat 3 Fig. 3. Terwolde, 4, 22—25.IX.1956 (holotype), Buren, & (beide Van de Pol). [The central and marginal areas of the fore wings partly blackish.] f. approximata nov. Op de voorvleugels staan ante- en postmediane lijn dicht bij elkaar. Borgercompagnie, &, 21.IX.1962 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.); Waalwijk, &, 23.VIII.1951 (Didden). [The antemedian and postmedian lines on the fore wings are approximated.] f. tangens Lempke, 1951. Geen nieuwe gegevens. f. angustaria Kroulikovsky, 1897. Exemplaren zonder spoor van dwarslijnen en donkere besprenkeling zijn zeker niet gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn, Nijme- gen, Amsterdam, Helenaveen (Zoöl Mus.); Amsterdamse Bos (Lourens); Leiden (Mevr. Martin); Nuenen (Neijts). 162 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1176) Dwergen. Noordlaren, Marknesse (Van de Pol); Veenhuizen, Eext, Apeldoorn, Haamstede (Zoöl. Mus.); Eindhoven (Haanstra); Nuenen (Neijts); Stein (Pater Mun- sters). Ennomos quercinaria Hufnagel. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 289; Cat. X : (776). Ongetwij- feld de minst gewone soort van het genus. De algemene ervaring van verzamelaars in gebieden waar de vlinder eertijds gewoon was, is dat hij de laatste 20 jaar veel zeldzamer geworden is. Een feit is dan ook, dat de meeste moderne collecties maar weinig mate- riaal ervan bevatten. Nog steeds zijn in het noorden van het land slechts enkele vind- Fig. 96. Verspreiding in Nederland van Ennomos quercinaria Hufn. (1177) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 163 plaatsen bekend. Maar ook in Overijssel en nu zelfs in Gelderland is guercinaria vrij schaars. Opvallend is daarentegen het grote aantal vindplaatsen op de zandgronden van Utrecht en in het Gooi. In Noord-Brabant en Limburg echter is de vlinder weer verre van gewoon. Zie ook de verspreidingskaart, Fig. 96. De vliegtijd kan tot begin oktober duren. De uiterste data zijn nu: 10.VII (in 1953 te Eefde, Zoöl. Mus.) en 3.X (een mooi 9 te Lage Vuursche, Zoöl. Mus.). Vindplaatsen. Dr: Schoonlo. Ov: Abdij Sion, Colmschate. Gdl.: Vierhouten, Wezep, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Wilp, Laag-Soeren, Wolfheze; Eefde, Hoog-Keppel; Berg en Dal, Heteren. Utr.: Bunnik, Rhijnauwen, Utrecht, Nieuwersluis, Botshol, Amersfoort. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Amsterdam (weer een exemplaar in 1964, Houkes), Haarlem, Vogelenzang. Z.H.: Noordwijkerhout, Oegstgeest, Katwijk aan Zee, Duinrel, Oostvoorne. Zl.: Oostkapelle. N.B.: De Rips, Helenaveen. Lbg.: Griendsveen, Roggel, Stein, Bunde, Gronsveld, Epen, Vijlen, Vaals. Variabiliteit. Zoals reeds in Cat. X werd aangeduid, is de soort sterk sexueel dimorf. De meeste mannetjes en enkele wijfjes zijn oranjegeel, de meeste wijfjes en enkele mannetjes bleekgeel. Zeker een probleem dat verdient nader uitgewerkt te worden. f. carpinaria Hübner, [1796—1799}. In Zoöl. Mus. slechts vier oranjegele wijfjes: Putten, Ellecom, Hilversum en Den Haag! f. angularia Hübner, [1796—1799}. Exemplaren met het donker getinte achterrands- veld komen bij beide seksen voor. In de collectie van het Zoöl. Mus. bevinden zich drie mannetjes van Ellecom, De Steeg en Haarlem en twee goede wijfjes van Arnhem en Bloemendaal met vijf minder sterk verdonkerde van Twello, Oosterbeek en Hatert. Verder zag ik een & van Abdij Sion (Flint). f. equestraria Fabricius, 1777. De vorm waarbij wortel- en achterrandsveld van de voorvleugels verdonkerd zijn, is bij het & vooral in zwak verdonkerde overgangs- exemplaren niet ongewoon. Werkelijk goed verdonkerde daarentegen zijn beslist zeld- zaam: in Zoöl. Mus. slechts twee van Apeldoorn en Nijmegen! Bij het @ moet de vorm een rariteit zijn: in Zoöl. Mus. slechts een zeer zwak verdonkerd dier van Amsterdam. Nieuwe vindplaats: Heemstede (Herwarth). f. maculosa Lempke, 1951. In Zoöl. Mus. uitsluitend wijfjes met donker besprenkelde voorvleugels: Apeldoorn, Ellecom, Wageningen, Hoog-Keppel, Bilthoven, Lage Vuur- sche, Soest. f. obsoleta Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zeer zwakke dwarslijnen nog van: Abdij Sion (Flint); Apeldoorn (Lucas); Wilp (Ter Laag); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Zeist (Gorter); Amersfoort (Kuiten). f. illineata nov. De dwarslijnen op de effen gekleurde voorvleugels ontbreken geheel. Zeist, 4, 12.IX.1955 (holotype, Gorter). [The transverse lines on the plainly coloured fore wings fail completely. (In f. clara Cockayre, 1942, Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 54: 35, Plate II, Fig. 2, which also lacks the transverse lines, the outer area of the fore wings is darkened. In the new form there is no darkening at all.) ] Dwergen. Arnhem, Heemstede (Van de Pol); Breda (Zoöl. Mus.). Ennomos alniaria L. Tijdschr. Ent. 51: 290; Cat. X : (777). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd vermeld. Nu bekend van drie van de waddeneilanden. De vliegtijd kan al in de eerste decade van juli beginnen (9.VII.1959, Oostvoorne, Lucas). Enkele late data tussen 17.X en de recorddatum 17.XI zijn: 20.X.1945, Weer- 164 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1178) selo (Knoop), 26.X.1950, Sint Michielsgestel (Knippenberg), 27.X.1952, Bennekom (Van de Pol). Van een in 1961 verkregen eilegsel kwamen reeds in de herfst van hetzelfde jaar enkele eieren uit (Leffef). Een eigenschap die voor de soort geen enkel voordeel op- levert en trouwens wel zelden zal voorkomen. Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Harlingen, Sexbierum, Sint Anna Parochie, Ternaard, Oenkerk, Tietjerk, Eernewoude, Beetsterzwaag, Bakkeveen, Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Rijs, Tjerkwerd. Gr.: Glimmen, Noordlaren, Baflo. Dr.: Peize, Westervelde, Vries, Eext, Schoonlo, Westerbork, Wijster, Ruinen. Ov.: Marknesse, Zwartsluis, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Bathmen, Delden, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Harderwijk, Garderen, Nunspeet, Vierhouten, Wezep, Epe, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Teuge, Terwolde, Klarenbeek, Empe, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Laag-Soeren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoge Veluwe, Otterlo, Wageningen; Epse, Gorssel, Almen, Laren, Vorden, Neede, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Groessen, Aerdt; Berg en Dal, Groesbeek, Hatert, Slijk-Ewijk, Buren, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Darthuizen, Rhijnauwen, Amersfoort, Nieuwersluis, Botshol. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp, Kudel- staart, Amsterdamse Bos, Halfweg, Wormerveer, Nek, Oosthuizen, Hoorn, Wieringerwerf, De Koog (Texel), Groet, Schoorl, Egmond-Binnen, Beverwijk. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Katwijk, Meijendel, Leidschendam, Rijswijk, Staelduin, Vlaardingen, Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Brielle, Oostvoorne (talrijk, Vestergaard), Hellevoetsluis, Middelharnis, Melissant, Ouddorp. Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Kamperland. N.B.: Biesbosch, Waalwijk, Kaatsheuvel, Dorst, Schijndel, Hilvarenbeek, Haaren, Kampina, Oirschot, Best, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Helenaveen, Sint Anthonis, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Griendsveen, Grub- benvorst, Tegelen, Belfeld, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Putbroek, Sittard, „Heerlerbaan, Bunde, Gronsveld (opmerkelijk veel, rupsen vooral op Carpinus, Leffef), Vijlen. Variabiliteit. f. pallida Lempke, 1951. Bleekgele exemplaren zijn zeldzaam. Arnhem, 2 (Zoöl. Mus.). f. aurantiaca Lempke, 1951. Oranjegele exemplaren daarentegen zijn zeer gewoon, practisch overal onder de soort te verwachten. f. concolor Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren waarbij de halskraag niet geel is, maar dezelfde kleur als de vleugels heeft, komen niet veel voor. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Tietjerk (Cam- ping); Deventer (Huisman); Bergen-N.H. (Aukema); Eindhoven (Verhaak); Nuenen (Neijts). f. glabra Lempke, 1951. De vorm zonder donkere besprenkeling op de vleugels is zeer verbreid onder de soort, maar wel veel minder gewoon dan f. aurantiaca. Blijkens het materiaal in het Zoöl. Mus. komt hij bijna uitsluitend onder de mannetjes voor: slechts een 9 van Overveen! f. maculosa Nordström, 1941. De vorm met sterk besprenkelde vleugels is in beide seksen gewoon, haast overal onder de soort aan te treffen. f. fuscomarginata nov. Voor- en achtervleugels vanaf de postmediane lijn verdonkerd. Hilversum, Oostkapelle, Epen, ? , 8.IX.1966 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Fore and hind wings darkened from the postmedian line to the outer margin. } f. nigrescens nov. Voor- en achtervleugels zwartachtig, de dwarslijnen oranjegeel af- gezet. de aderen oranjegeel. Plaat 3, Fig. 4. Burgh, 4, 26.IX.1962 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). TFore and hind wings blackish, the transverse lines bordered with orange-yellow, nervures also orange-yellow. } f. crassestrigata nov. Voorvleugels met sterk verdikte dwarslijnen. Duinrel (Wasse- naar), 6, 27.IX.1949 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Fore wings with strongly thickened transverse lines. } (1179) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 165 f. obsoleta nov. Dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels zeer flauw. Apeldoorn, 4, 9.IX.1958 (holotype), Tongeren, 4, Nijmegen, & (Zoöl. Mus.); Slijk-Ewijk (Van de Pol). [Fore wings with obsolete transverse lines. } f. approximata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met versmald middenveld nog van: Har- lingen (Van de Pol); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Oostvoorne (Lucas); Valkenswaard (Cox). f. clausa Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren, waarbij op de voorvleugels de ante- en de post- mediane lijn elkaar aan de binnenrand raken, zijn zeker niet zeldzaam, alleen in Zoöl. Mus. al van tien vindplaatsen ! f. triangularis Lempke, 1951. Geen nieuwe gegevens. f. postfasciata Van Wisselingh, 1961, Ent. Ber., Amst. 21 : 40. Achtervleugels met brede donkere postdiscale band. Bergeijk, 9, 7.VIII.1960 (Van Wisselingh, in coll. Zoöl. Mus.). Dwergen. Hilversum, Burgh (Zoöl. Mus.). Teratologisch exemplaar. Linker voorvleugel te klein. Bovendien wijkt de tekening hierop af: de beide dwarslijnen ontmoeten elkaar op enige afstand van de binnenrand en houden daar op. Meijendel, 4, 2.IX.1958 (Lucas). Ennomos fuscantaria Haworth. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 201; Cat. X : (778). Uit de com- binatie van de lijst van vindplaatsen van 1951 en de hierna volgende blijkt duidelijk hoe verbreid de soort in ons land is. Plaatselijk kan hij zeer gewoon zijn. Hij is echter nog niet bekend van de waddeneilanden. Op een enkele uitzondering na noemen alle auteurs die uit eigen ervaring schrijven, de es de enige voedselplant van de rups en ongetwijfeld is dit de voornaamste. Toch is de rups niet zo extreem monofaag, wat al blijkt uit het feit, dat de vlinder van diverse vindplaatsen bekend is waar geen es voorkomt. Vorbrodt noemt ook liguster (1914, Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz 2: 147) en South noemt deze plant als een mogelijke plaats- vervanger (British Moths 2: 273, oude druk; 263, nieuwe uitgave). Leffef schrijft me, dat hij de rups aangetroffen heeft op es, eik, meidoorn, liguster en els, terwijl bij kweken ook iep geaccepteerd wordt. Lukkien, die de vlinder wel te Ruurlo op licht vangt, doch er geen es kan vinden, trachtte een broedsel op te kweken met liguster, maar dit mislukte. Het is evenwel mogelijk, dat het wel lukt met Ligustrum vulgare, maar niet met de veel aangeplante L. ovalifolium. Een zeer kleine correctie op de vliegtijd, waarvan de uiterste data nu worden: 25.VII— DE Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling, Sexbierum, Sint Anna Parochie, Tietjerk, Ternaard, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Tjerkwerd. Gr.: Glimmen, Noordlaren, Veendam. Dr.: Peizermade, Paters- wolde, Eext, Schoonlo, Ruinen. Ov.: Kalenberg, Zwartsluis, Dalfsen, Matharam, Rechteren, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Deventer, Molenven (Saasveld). Gdl.: Vaassen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Terwolde, Laag-Soeren, Bennekom; De Voorst, Vorden, Ruurlo, Aalten, Hoog-Keppel; Berg en Dal, Slijk- Ewijk, Ochten, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Darthuizen, Leersum, Zeist, Bilthoven, Polsbroek, Nieuwersluis, Botshol. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Muiden, Weesp, Ouderkerk, Amsterdamse Bos (gewoon, Peerdeman), Halfweg, Krommenie, Nek, Beemster (gewoon, Huisenga), Oosthuizen, Hoorn, Groot Schermer, Bergen, Bentveld, Heemstede. Z.H.: Noorden, Oegstgeest, Meijendel, Leid- schendam, Naaldwijk, Vlaardingen, Staelduin, Schelluinen, Arkel, Oostvoorne, Middelharnis. Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Goes. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Haaren, Kampina, Bergeijk, Nuenen, Mariaveen, Helenaveen, Gassel. Lbg.: Grubbenvorst, Steijl, Belfeld, Ospel, Sint Odiliënberg, Montfort, Amstenrade, Eijs, Simpelveld, Bocholtz, Geulle, Bunde (talrijk, Leffef), Keer, Kannerbos, Gronsveld (talrijk, Leffef), Rijckholt (idem), Sint Geertruid, Camerig, Vijlen. 166 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1180) Variabiliteit. f. pallida Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met bleke grondkleur zijn vrij zeldzaam. Overveen (Neijts); Vlaardingen (Van Katwijk); Bergeijk, Gronsveld (Zoöl. Mus.) ; Neerkanne (Kannerbos) (Leids Mus.). f. aurantiaca Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met oranje getinte vleugels zijn niet zeld- zaam, op de meeste vindplaatsen onder de soort aan te treffen. f. perfuscata Rebel, 1910. Exemplaren, waarbij de donkere tint zich over de gehele voorvleugel uitbreidt, zijn vrij zeldzaam. Bij extreme exemplaren zijn ook de achter- vleugels en zelfs het abdomen verdonkerd. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Apeldoorn, Oostkapel- le, Mariaveen, Gronsveld (Zoöl. Mus.); Ruurlo (Lukkien); Glimmen, Groessen, Heem- stede, Stein (hierbij enkele extreme exemplaren, Van de Pol); Amsterdam (Houkes); Schelluinen (Slob); Oostvoorne (Lucas); Melissant (Huisman); Geulle (Cox). f. effuscaria Rebel, 1901. Exemplaren zonder de donkere tint in het achterrandsveld van de voorvleugels komen beslist minder voor. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Volthe (Klein- jan); Halfweg (Van Aartsen); Overveen (Neijts); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Cox); Breda (Zoöl. Mus.); Sint Odiliënberg (Lücker). f. glabra Wize, 1934. Slechts enkele nieuwe vindplaatsen van de vorm zonder donkere schrapjes op de vleugels: Weesp, Aerdenhout (Zoöl. Mus.); Haaren (Knippenberg). f. juncta Wize, 1917, Roczn. Tow. Przyj. nauk Poznanin 44 : 14 (het juiste literatuur- citaat ontving ik van de Biblioteka Jagiellonska te Krakow). De vorm, waarbij de ante- en postmediane lijn elkaar aan de binnenrand van de voorvleugels raken, is gewoon en vrijwel overal onder de soort aan te treffen. f. triangularis nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de ante- en de postmediane lijn raken elkaar op enige afstand van de binnenrand en houden daar op. Stein, &, 23.X.1963 (holotype, Pater Munsters). [The antemedian and the postmedian touch each other at some distance of the inner margin of the fore wings and stop there. } f. approximata Lucas, 1959, Ent. Ber., Amst. 19 : 206. Op de voorvleugels staan de ante- en postmediane lijn dicht bij elkaar. Abdij Sion (Flint); Apeldoorn, Amsterdam, Epen (Zoöl. Mus.); Oosthuizen (De Boer); Meijendel (Lucas); Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Geulle (Cox). f. lata nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de ante- en de postmediane lijn staan opvallend ver van elkaar. Oostvoorne, 2 , 3.X.1962 (holotype, Lucas). [Upper side fore wings: the antemedian and the postmedian are widely separated. } f. destrigaria Galvagni, 1902. De vorm waarbij beide dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels ontbreken, is een grote zeldzaamheid. Een tweede exemplaar van Groessen (Van de Pol). f. crassilineata nov. Voorvleugels met opvallend dikke dwarslijnen. Gronsveld, &, IX.1961 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Fore wings with strikingly thick transverse lines. } Dwerg. Wiessel (Zoöl. Mus.); Overveen (Bentinck). Ennomos erosaria Denis & Schiffermüller. Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 292; Cat. X: (779). In bosachtige gebieden (en daardoor vooral op de zandgronden) in het gehele land ver- breid, op vele plaatsen gewoon. Nu ook bekend van één van de waddeneilanden. De vliegtijd kan al half juli beginnen. De uiterste data zijn nu: 17.VI (in 1966 te Stein, Pater Munsters) —28.X. (1181) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 167 Vindplaatsen. Fr: Terschelling (1956, Leffef), Leeuwarden, Ternaard, Tietjerk, Eerne- woude, Oosterwolde, Appelscha, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Rijs. Gr.: Glimmen, Noordlaren, Borgercompagnie, Veendam. Vlagtwedde. Dr.: Roden, Westervelde, Schoonlo, Meppen, Odoorn, Wijster, Ruinen, Havelte. Ov.: Vollenhove, Zwartsluis, Rechteren, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Bathmen, Holten, Delden, Wiene, Molenven (Saasveld). Flevoland: Lelystad. Gdl.: Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Vierhouten, Soerel, Tongeren, Wissel, Epe, Vaassen, Wenum, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Klarenbeek, Empe, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beek- bergen, Loenen, Tonden, Laag-Soeren, Spankeren, Imbosch, Schaarsbergen, Hoge Veluwe, Hoog- Buurlo, Otterlo, Wolfheze; Epse, Zutfen, Laren, Ruurlo, Neede, Woold, Laag-Keppel, Hoog- Keppel, Angerlo, Bingerden, Montferland, Aerdt, Groessen; Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk, Heteren, Lien- den. Utr.: Amerongen, Darthuizen, Leersum, Doorn, Austerlitz, Rhijnauwen, Utrecht, Nieuwersluis. N.H.: Blaricum, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Amsterdamse Bos (gewoon, Peerdeman), Zaandam, Robbenoord, Schoorl, Bergen, Bakkum, Bloemendaal, Bentveld, Heemstede. Z.H.: Noordwijkerhout, Katwijk, Oegstgeest, Leiden, Rijswijk, Staelduin, Vlaardingen, Schiedam, Rotterdam, Schelluinen, Oostvoorne (talrijk, Vestergaard), Hellevoetsluis, Melissant (in 1955 en 1963 telkens één, Huis- man). Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh. Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle (in september 1969 bij honderden, Van Aartsen), Valkenisse, Kats. N.B.: Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Oosterhout, Waalwijk, Udenhout, Sint Michielsgestel, Kampina, Boxtel, Oirschot, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Leende, Someren, Helenaveen, Sint Anthonis, Mill, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, De Hamert, Broekhuizen, Castenraij, Sevenum, Griendsveen, Grubbenvorst, Velden, Blerick, Tegelen, Belfeld, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Meinweg, Vlodrop, Montfort, Echt, Stein, Sittard, Chèvremont, Bocholtz, Geulem, Geulle, Bunde, Ambij, Cadier, Gronsveld Rijckholt, Oost-Maarland, Eijsden, Mesch, Sint Geertruid, Mheer, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Mechelen, Camerig, Vijlen, Lemiers. Variabiliteit. f. #liaria Hübner {1796—1799]. De bleekgele vorm is verre van gewoon. Nieuwe vindplaatsen: Veenhuizen (Zoöl. Mus.); Oostvoorne (Lucas); Oost- kapelle (Van Aartsen); Belfeld, Vlodrop (Cox). f. albescens nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels witachtig. Sevenum, &, 11.VIII.1954 (holotype, Van de Pol). [Ground colour of the wings whitish.] f. aurantiaca Lempke, 1951. Deze vorm blijkt vrijwel even gewoon te zijn als de typische vorm. Ook overgangen tussen beide komen voor. f. rufescens nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels roodachtig. Stein, &, 1.X.1957 (holo- type, Pater Munsters). {Ground colour of the wings reddish.] f. fuscata nov. Het achterrandsveld van de voorvleugels verdonkerd (niet zo donker als bij Ennomos fuscantaria). Bennekom, Slijk-Ewijk (Van de Pol); Nigtevecht, 4, 15.IX.1897 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [The outer area of the fore wings with a dark suffusion (but not so dark as with Ennomos fuscantaria) .} f. maculosa nov. Het achterrandsveld van de voorvleugels donker besprenkeld. Twel- lo, 4 , 1.X.1937 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.). [Outer area of the fore wings with dark speckles.] f. nigrolineata nov. De dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels zwart. Wiessel, &, 28.X.1954 (holotype), Apeldoorn, Soest, Sint Odiliënberg (Zoöl. Mus.). [The transverse lines of the fore wings are black. } f. approximata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren waarbij de dwarslijnen dicht bij elkaar 168 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1182) staan, zijn zeker niet zeldzaam. Er zijn zoveel nieuwe vindplaatsen bekend geworden, dat ze niet meer vermeld behoeven te worden. f. tangens Lempke, 1951. Een exemplaar van de zeldzame vorm waarbij de dwars- lijnen elkaar eerst raken en dan weer uit elkaar lopen, nog van Abdij Sion (10.VIII. 1964, Flint). f. clausa Lempke, 1951. Zeldzaam bij deze soort. Epen (Zoöl. Mus.). f. triangularis nov. De antemediane en de postmediane lijn raken elkaar op enige afstand van de binnenrand van de voorvleugels en houden daar op. Stein, 4, 7.IX.1962 (holotype, Pater Munsters). [The antemedian and the postmedian converge at some distance from the inner margin of the fore wings and stop there. (In f. angularia Demaison, 1918, Bull. Soc. ent. France: 234, the lines are also united, but continue as one line to the inner margin.) ] f. semellineata Munsters, 1968, Natuurh. Maandbl. 57 : 8. Op de voorvleugels ont- breekt de antemediane lijn. Tegelen, 6.VII.1967 (Ottenheijm); Stein, 17.VI.1966 (Pater Munsters). f. obsoleta Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zwakke dwarslijnen werden nog aange- troffen te: Kollum, Eext, Apeldoorn, Rhijnauwen (Zoöl. Mus.); Bussum (Ter Laag); Nuenen (Neijts). f. illineata nov. De dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels ontbreken geheel. Volthe, &, 18.VIII.1958 (holotype, Van der Meulen); Eindhoven (Haanstra). [The transverse lines on the fore wings fail completely. } Dwergen. Schiedam (Neijts) ; Belfeld (Cox). Selenia Hübner Selenia dentaria Fabricius, 1775 (bilunaria Esper, [1795}). Tydschr. Ent. 94 : 294; Cat. X : (781). Behalve in bosgebieden (waar de vlinder in practisch het gehele land voorkomt en vaak gewoon is) is hij nu ook op diverse plaatsen in het Hafdistrict en het Fluviatiel District aangetroffen. Thans bekend van alle grote waddeneilanden met uit- zondering van Ameland. De eerste generatie kan meer dan een week eerder beginnen te vliegen dan in 1951 bekend was. De grenzen worden nu: 17.III (in 1961 te Stein, Pater Munsters) —13.VI. De tweede kan in een warm seizoen al eind juni beginnen te vliegen: 29.VI.1947 te Bennekom (Van de Pol). Nog altijd geen spoor van een derde generatie in de vrije natuur. Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Schiermonnikoog, Vlieland, Sexbierum, Ternaard, Giekerk, Eernewoude, Olterterp, Oosterwolde, Fochtelo, Wijnjeterp, Steggerda, Wolvega, Nijetrijne, Oudemirdum, Balk. Gr.: Zevenhuizen, Glimmen, Borgercompagnie, Veendam, Vlagtwedde. Dr.: Roden, Eelde, Norg, Westervelde, Veenhuizen, Vries, Gasteren, Eext, Schoonlo, Ruinen, Havelte. Ov.: Nagele, Marknesse, Zwartsluis, Balkbrug, Raalte, Abdij Sion, Diepenveen, Bathmen, Almelo, Bornerbroek, Molenven (Saasveld). Weerselo, Lattrop. Gdl.: Harderwijk, Hierden, Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Vierhouten, Soerel, Doornspijk, Hattem, Tongeren, Wissel, Vaassen, Wenum, Beemte, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Terwolde, Klarenbeek, Voorstonden, Uchelen, Beekbergen, Loenen, Spankeren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Wolfheze, Wageningen, Ede; Epse, Gorssel, De Voorst, Eefde, Zutfen, Ruurlo, Woold, Laag-Keppel, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Bingerden, Beek bij Nijmegen; Slijk-Ewijk, Lienden, Neerijnen, Kerkdriel. Utr.: Amerongen, Doorn, Woudenberg, Maarn, Bunnik, Amersfoort, Linschoten, Nieuwersluis, Abcoude. N.H.: ’s-Graveland, Blaricum, Naarden, Naardermeer, Muiderberg, Weesp, Amsterdamse Bos (gewoon, Peerdeman), (1183) B. J. LEMPKE : Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepraoptera 169 Oosthuizen, Hoorn, Wieringerwerf, Robbenoord, De Koog (Texel), Sint Maartenszee, Schoorl, Heiloo, Groot Schermer, Castricum, Heemskerk, Beverwijk, Bentveld. Z.H.: Woerdense Verlaat, Noorden, Katwijk, Meijendel, Staelduin, Vlaardingen, Schelluinen, Arkel, Asperen, Hendrik-Ido- Ambacht, Oostvoorne, Hellevoetsluis, Sommelsdijk, Melissant, Ouddorp. ZI.: Renesse, Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Burghsluis, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Cadzand. N.B.: Biesbosch, Waalwijk, Schijf, Galder, Strijbeek, Dorst, Udenhout, Haaren, Kampina, Boxmeer, Oirschot, Best, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Nuenen, Leende, Someren, Helenaveen, Vierlingsbeek, Vortum, Sint Anthonis, Gassel. Lbg.: Geijsteren, De Hamert, Broekhuizen, Castenraij, Horst, Sevenum, Griendsveen, Tegelen, Belfeld, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Heel, Maalbroek, Meinweg, Herkenbosch, Vlodrop, Montfort, Echt, Beek, Amstenrade, Heerlerbaan, Chèvremont, Bocholtz, Wijlre, Oud- Valkenburg, Valkenburg, Geulem, Bunde, Ambij, Bemelen, Cadier, Sint Pieter, Oost-Maarland, Gronsveld, Rijckholt, Eijsden, Mesch, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Mechelen, Cottessen, Camerig, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. Gemiddeld is de tweede generatie kleiner en helderder van kleur dan de eerste, maar er komen niet zelden exemplaren voor die nauwelijks van die van de eerste generatie zijn te onderscheiden. In dit verband is een kweekervaring van Chapman van belang (1917, Proc. Trans. S. Lond. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 1916—1917 : 83). Rupsen afkomstig van voorjaarswijfjes verpopten op normale tijd en vrijwel tegelijk. Maar de tweede generatie, die daarvan afkomstig was, ontwikkelde zich over een periode van twee maanden. Naarmate de vlinders vroeger of later uit de pop kwamen hadden ze het uiterlijk van de eerste of de tweede generatie. Omgekeerd bevindt zich in Zoöl. Mus. een & van Venlo, 18.V (geen jaartal), dat in kleur en grootte volkomen met de typische zomerexemplaren overeenstemt. f. grisescens Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met grijsachtige grondkleur zijn in de eerste generatie gewoon, in de tweede veel zeldzamer: in Zoöl. Mus. slechts een 4 van Aalten, 1954, f. fumata S. G. Smith, 1950, Proc. Chester Soc. nat. Sci., Lit. Art 3 : 74, Pl. X, Fig. 7. De grondkleur is niet verdonkerd, maar wel dicht besprenkeld met zwartbruine vlekjes, dwarslijnen zwart. Eext, Schoonlo, Wiessel, Haamstede, Westenschouwen, Bergeijk (Zoöl. Mus.). f. obscura Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zwartgrijze grondkleur blijven zeldzaam. Nieuwe vindplaats: Tietjerk (Camping). f. glabra Lempke, 1951. Nog een exemplaar van de eerste generatie zonder de donkere stipjes van Nijmegen (Zoöl. Mus.). f. rufescens Lempke, 1951. De vorm met roodachtige grondkleur is gewoon in beide generaties, maar alle exemplaren in Zoöl. Mus. zijn mannetjes! f. braconieri Nordström, 1935. Exemplaren waarbij op de voorvleugels wortellijn en middenschaduw dicht bij elkaar staan, werden nog aangetroffen te: Oosterwolde (Van Randen); Apeldoorn, Bussum (Zoöl. Mus.). f. costijuncta Cockayne, 1948. Een exemplaar, waarbij wortellijn en middenschaduw langs de voorrand door een donker bandje met elkaar verbonden zijn, werd nog ge- vangen te Wassenaar (Zoöl. Mus.). Een @ van Ruurlo behoort tegelijkertijd tot f. bzl- neata (Lukkien). f. postmediojuncta Boyes, 1954, Proc. Chester Soc. nat. Sci., Lit. Art 5 : 95, Pl. V, Fig. 5. Op de voorvleugels zijn de mediane en de postmediane lijn door een donkere streep langs de voorrand met elkaar verbonden. Plasmolen, &, 1960 (Lucas). f. deumbraria Klemensiewicz, 1913, Spraw. Kom. fizyogr., Kraków 47 : 124. Exem- plaren zonder middenschaduw op de voorvleugels werden nog gevangen te: Almelo 170 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1184) (Van der Meulen); Wiessel, Warnsveld, Bussum (Zoöl. Mus.); Apeldoorn (Lucas); Valkenswaard (Cox). f. centrifasciata nov. Voor- en achtervleugels met opvallend dikke middenschaduw. Borgercompagnie, &, 27.IV.1963 (holotype, Zoöl. Mus.); Glimmen (Van de Pol); Oudemirdum (Leffef); Den Haag (Bentinck); Bergen op Zoom (Asselbergs); Mont- fort (Maassen). [Fore and hind wings with strikingly thick central shade.] f. schizomedia Vaughan-Roberts, 1951, Proc. Chester Soc. nat. Sci., Lit. Art. 4: 78, Plaat V, Fig. 6. Op de voorvleugels is de middenschaduw verdubbeld. Volthe (Klein- jan); Bennekom (Van de Pol); Amerongen, Maarn (Vlug); Robbenoord (Houkes); Heemskerk (Aukema). f. bilineata Grosse, 1938 (delineata Feichtenberger, 1965, Z. wiener ent. Ges. 50: 112). Nieuwe vindplaatsen van exemplaren zonder postmediane lijn op de voorvleugels zijn: Oosterwolde (Van Randen); Apeldoorn (Leffef); De Steeg (Zoöl. Mus.); Am- sterdam (Peerdeman). f. centrilineata Lempke, 1951. Nog enkele exemplaren waarbij op de voorvleugels alleen de middenschaduw aanwezig is: Oosterwolde (Van Randen); Wageningen, Ben- nekom (Van de Pol). f. zalensis Vaughan-Roberts, 1950. Geen nieuwe vindplaatsen van exemplaren die alle dwarslijnen op de voorvleugels missen. f. pallida F. G. Smith, 1950, Proc. Chester Soc. nat. Sci., Lit. Art 3 : 73, PI. X, Fig. 5. Grondkleur opvallend licht. Twello, Bergeijk, 9 van voorjaarsgen., & van zomergen. (Zoöl. Mus.). Teratologisch exemplaar. Voorvleugels te klein. Apeldoorn, 9 (Zoöl. Mus.). 2, rechter vleugels te klein. Nuenen (Neijts). Selenia lunularia Hübner, 1788 (Phalaena lunaria Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, Ank. syst. Werkes Schmetterl. Wiener Gegend : 276, nec Phalaena lunaria Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent.: 623) 1). Tijdschr. Ent. 94 : 296; Cat. X : (783). Verbreiding als in 1951 werd aangegeven. Limburg (en dan vooral het midden en zuiden) blijkt inderdaad wel het meest ideale gebied voor de vlinder in ons land te zijn. Maar ook de vind- plaatsen in het Duindistrict en het uiterste westen van het Fluviatiel District zijn op- vallend. Vergelijk de verspreidingskaart, Fig. 97. Op Walcheren en Zuid-Beveland is de vlinder plaatselijk gewoon. De vliegtijden van de twee generaties zijn nu beter bekend. Die van de eerste is nu: 19.IV—2.VII. Op de laatste datum werden in 1955 en 1956 afgevlogen mannetjes te Aerdenhout gevangen, terwijl Huisenga in 1967 een nog gaaf & te Heemskerk ving, zodat de slotdatum van deze generatie stellig nog later kan vallen. De tweede kan tot begin september vliegen: 9.VII—1.IX. Het is echter de vraag, of deze generatie overal 1) This case of homonymy is rather complicated. On page 103 of the Ankündigung the species was named Geometra lunaria and as such the name was perfectly valid. But on p. 276 of the same work Schiffermüller & Denis named it Phalaena Geometra lunaria. By placing the species in the genus Phalaena they made the name a secondary homonym. As such it was invalid and must remain so according to art. 59. Mr. D. S. Fletcher is certainly right in rejecting the name /unaria for the species. (1185) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 171 Fig. 97. Verspreiding in Nederland van Selenia lunularia Hb. in het Nederlandse areaal voorkomt. Alle mij nu bekende exemplaren zijn afkomstig uit Zeeland, het oosten van Noord-Brabant en het midden en zuiden van Limburg. Boven- dien één van Overveen (14.VII.1926, collectie Van de Pol) en twee in 1954 te Melis- sant (Huisman). Opvallend is ook, dat een eikweek afkomstig van een voorjaarswijfje gevangen te Ruurlo geen enkel zomerexemplaar opleverde. Alle poppen overwinterden (Lukkien). In 1953 ving Lücker op 17.VII een 9 van de zomergeneratie te Melick. Uit de eieren daarvan kweekte hij 10 rupsen. Vijf leverden van 27.IX—4.X nog een partiële 172 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1186) derde generatie, van de vijf andere overwinterden de poppen en verschenen de vlinders pas in 1954. Een dergelijke late generatie is bij ons in natura nog nooit waargenomen. Vindplaatsen. Fr.: Beetsterzwaag, Oosterwolde, Wijnjeterp, Oldeberkoop. Dr.: Westervelde, Eext, Schoonlo, Ruinen, Havelte. Ov.: Kalenberg, Balkbrug, Abdij Sion. Gdl.: Wageningen, Ruurlo, N.H.: Schoorl, Overveen, Aerdenhout, Heemstede, Vogelenzang. Z.H.: Leiden, Meijendel, Schel- luinen (een in 1955, Slob), Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Hellevoetsluis, Melissant (alleen in 1954, Huisman). Zl.: Haamstede, Burgh, Westenschouwen, Oostkapelle, Valkenisse, Ritthem, Goes (hier vrij gewoon, D. de Jong), Cadzand, Axel. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Oosterhout, Schijndel, Boxtel, Best, Vessem, Bergeijk, Valkenswaard, Nuenen, Deurne. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Roggel, Ospel, Moesel, Melick, Herkenbosch, Montfort, Annendaal, Echt, Susteren, Sittard, Geleen, Amstenrade, Wijnandsrade, Hoensbroek, Schaesberg, Heerlerbaan, Chèvremont, Treebeek, Simpelveld, Valken- burg, Geulle, Bunde, Keer, Kannerbos, Gronsveld (gewoon, Leffef), Rijckholt, Sint Geertruid, Slenaken, Vijlen. Variabiliteit. De exemplaren van de tweede generatie verschillen heel duide- lijk van die van de eerste: ze zijn kleiner, de kleuren zijn warmer en de achterrand van de vleugels is minder scherp getand. Zie Plaat 3, Fig. 5, 6. Overigens komen ook bij deze soort wel exemplaren voor, die niet alle kenmerken van hun generatie bezitten. Afgezien van de seizoenverschillen (die veroorzaakt worden door oecologische factoren) is de fraaie vlinder niet minder variabel dan de vorige soort. f. pallida nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels bleekgeel, de dwarslijnen en de apicale voorvleugelvlek scherp afstekend. Elsloo-Lbg., &, 10.V.1967 (holotype, Van de Pol). [Ground colour of the wings pale yellow, the transverse lines and the apical spot of the fore wings sharply contrasting}. f. brunnea Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met bruine grondkleur zonder de gele tint zijn gewoon in de eerste generatie. f. rubra nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels donker roodbruin. Stein, ¢, 21.V.1963 (holotype, Pater Munsters). [Ground colour of the wings dark red-brown. ]} f. lilacina nov. Grondkleur van de vleugels lilakleurig. Stein, &, 27.VII.1958 (holo- type, plus enkele andere exemplaren, Pater Munsters). [Ground colour of the wings lilac}. f. canescens Feichtenberger, 1965, Z. wiener ent. Ges. 50: 111. Grondkleur van de vleugels grijsachtig, zonder roodachtige tint. Rijckholt, 4, V.1956 (Van de Pol). f. roseofasciata Lempke, 1951. Deze prachtig gekleurde vorm met het fraaie rose achterrandsveld werd nog gevangen te: Swalmen (Pijpers); Montfort (Lucas); Chèvre- mont (Lukkien). f. maculosa Lempke, 1951. Grof gesprenkelde exemplaren nog van: Apeldoorn, Berg- eijk (Zoöl. Mus.). f. nigrumbrata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren met zwarte middenschaduw (en dan vaak ook nog zwarte dwarslijnen) (Plaat 3, Fig. 6) werden nog aangetroffen te: Oostkapelle, Bergeijk, Gronsveld (Zoöl. Mus.); Valkenisse (Van Aartsen); Bergen op Zoom (Assel- bergs) ; Nuenen (Neijts) ; Melick (Lücker); Montfort (Maassen). f. basireducta nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: de antemediane lijn ontbreekt. Chevre- mont, 2, 27.IV.1955, a.o. (holotype, Lukkien). [Upper side fore wings: the antemedian is absent. ] (1187) B. J. LEMPKE: Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera 173 f. schizomedia nov. Bovenzijde voorvleugels: middenschaduw verdubbeld. Boxtel, &, 8.V.1966 (holotype, Aukema). [Upper side fore wings: central shade double.] f. deumbrata Lempke, 1951. Exemplaren zonder middenschaduw nog van Arnhem, Hollandse Rading, Aerdenhout (Zoöl. Mus.); Swalmen (Gorter). Selenia tetralunaria Hufnagel, 1766 (Junaria Fabricius, 1775). Tijdschr. Ent. 94: 297; Cat. X : (784). In het noorden lokaler en schaarser dan de vorige soort, maar al op de Veluwe en verder in het gehele midden veel meer voorkomend dan /unularia. Vergelijk de verbreidingskaart, Fig. 98. AR lof Fig. 98. Verspreiding in Nederland van Selenia tetralunaria Hufn. 174 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 113, AFL. 5, 1970 (1188) i De eerste generatie kan al in maart beginnen te vliegen (14.III.1959, Apeldoorn, Van Aartsen; 27.111.1964, Bergen op Zoom, Asselbergs). De tweede generatie vliegt van begin juli tot begin september (3.VII—2.IX). Vindplaatsen. Dr.: Westervelde, Eext, Schoonlo (weinig, Leffef), Wijster, Dwingelo, Ruinen. Ov.: Balkbrug, Gerner, Rechteren, Beerze, Abdij Sion, Bathmen, Holten, Hengelo, Molen- ven (Saasveld), Enschede. Gdl.: Garderen, Nieuw-Milligen, Uddel, Hulshorst, Doornspijk, Vier- houten, Soerel, Tongeren, Epe, Gortel, Nierssen, Wiessel, Hoog-Soeren, Assel, Teuge, Wilp, Klarenbeek, Uchelen, Voorstonden, Loenen, Tonden, Laag-Soeren, Spankeren, Dieren, Imbosch, Hoenderlo, Hoog-Buurlo, Kootwijk, Hoge Veluwe; Epse, Gorssel, De Voorst, Eefde, Ruurlo, Winterswijk, Woold, Laag-Keppel, Hummelo, Hoog-Keppel, Bingerden; Berg en Dal, Groesbeek, Slijk-Ewijk. Utr.: Woudenberg, Austerlitz, Utrecht, Maartensdijk, Bilthoven, Soesterberg. N.H.: ‘s-Graveland, Blaricum, Bussum, Naardermeer, Amsterdamse Bos, Heemstede. Z.H.: Poelgeest, Meijendel, Leidschendam, Staelduin. Zl.: Westenschouwen, Goes. N.B.: Bergen op Zoom, Hooger- heide, Galder, Dorst, Oosterhout, Waalwijk, Udenhout, Haaren, Kampina, Boxtel, Vessem, Bladel, Bergeijk, Leende, Someren, Neerkant, Helenaveen, Liessel, Vierlingsbeek, Vortum, Sint Anthonis. Lbg.: Geijsteren, Wellerlooi, De Hamert, Broekhuizen, Castenraij, Horst, Griendsveen, Sevenum, Belfeld, Meijel, Roggel, Moesel, Meinweg, Montfort, Annendaal, Echt, Schinveld, Wijnandsrade, Chèvremont, Valkenburg, Bunde, Ambij, Heer, Cadier, Gronsveld (talrijk, Leffef), Rijckholt, Oost-Maarland, Eijsden, Mesch, Sint Geertruid, Margraten, Gulpen, Slenaken, Meche- len, Camerig, Vijlen, Lemiers, Vaals. Variabiliteit. f. obscura Lempke, 1951. Voorjaarsdieren met bruinzwarte grondkleur zijn gewoon,